初升高中英语暑假衔接材料：专题04 定语从句密码速通（关系代词、关系副词）（暑假复习讲义）（原卷版及解析）

/专题04定语从句密码速通（关系代词、关系副词）（考点全解析）考点序号考点聚焦考点一限定性定语从句考点二关系代词的用法考点三关系副词的用法脉脉｜络｜重｜构限制性定语从句关系词先行词例句备注关系代词who人（主语）Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?who在从句中做主语，whom在从句中做宾语，口语中可由who代替，但介词提前时只能用whom。whom人（宾语）SheisthenewstudentwhoIwanttointroducetoyou.ThepolicemantowhomIspokejustnowismybrother.which物（主语，宾语）Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.ThenovelwhichTomboughtisveryinteresting.that人，物（主语，宾语）Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.Canyoulendmethemagazineaboutwhichyoutalkedyesterday?that在从句中即可指人也可指物，但介词提前时，指人只用whom，指物用whichthat人或物I’lltellyouall(that)Iknowaboutit.Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?I’vebroughteverything(that)youneed.Heistheonlypersonthatisbelievable.Johnistheverypersonthatshewantstosee.ThisisthesamebookthatIlostyesterday.当先行词为all,little,much和some,any,every,no构成的复合代词等表示物时，关系代词只能用that,在从句中做宾语可省去。如果先行词是人时，关系代词不受制约，用that或who(whom)均可先行词被形容词最高级、序数词或强调词theonly,thevery,thesame等修饰时定语从句用that引导。whose人，物（定语）Thebikewhosebrakewasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.whose在从句中做定语可指人或物，可分别用…ofwhom或ofwhich代替as人，物（主语，宾语，表语）Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.He’snotthesamemanashewas.先行词由so,such,thesame等词修饰时定语从句用as引导。as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间（状语）Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可根据具体的时间选用相应的介词+which结构where地点（状语）Heshowedmethebuildingwhereheusedtowork,可根据具体的地点选用相应的介词+which结构why原因（状语）Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouaresointerestedinscience?.可用forwhich替代考考｜点｜精｜讲考点一限定性定语从句在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词有两种:关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,as和关系副词when,where,why.关系代词3个作用：1）连接作用2）替代作用3）在从句中充当成分：作主语/宾语/表语/定语。如下图所示：先行词+关系词+定语从句↓↓↓Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.TheboywhoiswearingablackcoatboughtaniPodyesterday.穿着黑色外套的男孩昨天买了一个iPod.Thenoodlesthat/whichmymothercookedweredelicious.我妈妈煮的面条很好吃。TheschoolwhereIlearnedjudowasverylarge.我学习柔道的学校非常大。Irememberthedaywhenourbandwasformed.我记得我们乐队成立的日子。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyshegotsoangrythismorning.我不知道她今天早上为什么那么生气。说明：这几个例子中，先行词分别是boy，noodles，school，day，reason。加下划线的部分为定语从句。处在先行词和定语从句之间的who，that和which是关系代词，where，when和why是关系代词。考点二关系代词的用法关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代在从句中的成分that人/物主语/宾语/表语which物主语/宾语/表语who人主语/宾语/表语whom人宾语whose人/物定语一．关系代词that和which的用法两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。1.在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用Thenewhousethat/whichIhavejustboughtisaboutsixmilesaway.我新买的房子在大约6英里以外。Theyplantedsometreesthat/whichdidn’tneedmuchwater.他们种了一些不需要太多水的树。2.限定性定语从句中只用that而不用which的情况A.主句已有疑问句who或which时Whichofthecarsthatareinfrontofthehotelbelongstoyou?旅馆前面的小汽车中哪辆属于你？Whoisthemanthatissittingbythelake?坐在湖边的男人是谁？B.先行词既有人又有物时Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthathehadvisited.他谈到了他访问过的学校和老师。Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.撞倒一位老人的那辆自行车和骑车人都被送到了警察局。C.先行词为all，much，few，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时It’seasytodotherepair.Allthatyouneedisahammerandsomenails.做修理很容易。你所需要的全部东西是一把锤子和一些钉子。Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.我们没有太多能向你们提供的东西。I’dliketotellyousomethingthatwillmakeyousurprised.我想告诉你一件会使你感到惊奇的事。D.先行词有形容词最高级修饰时Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.这是用来防止污染的最好的办法。PollyisthemostdirectyoungwomanthatIhaveevercomeacross.波莉是我所见到的最直爽的年轻女性。E.先行词有序数词修饰时Thisisthethirdtimethattheyhavemet.这是他们第三次见面。ThefirsttimethatLestersawthefilm,hemadeuphismindtobecomeadirector.莱特斯第一次观看那部电影时，就下定决心要成为一名导演。F.先行词有thevery，theonly，thesame，any，few，little，no，all，oneof等词修饰时ThisistheveryroomthatIsleptinthatevening.这正是我那天晚上睡过的房间。LiMingistheonlyonethatwantstobeateacher.李明是惟一一个想当老师的人。Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.我们惟一能够做的，就是给你一些钱。G.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用thatEdisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.爱迪生建了一家工厂，生产过去从未见到过的东西。3.只用which而不用that的情况A.引导非限定性定语从句时只用which而不用that（正）Thefish,whichIboughtthismorning,isveryfresh.（误）Thefish,thatIboughtthismorning,isveryfresh.我今天早上买的鱼很新鲜。Myhouse,whichIboughttwoyearsago,hasgotalovelygarden.我两年前买的那幢房子，带一座漂亮的花园。Jimpassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisedeverybodyintheoffice.吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使得办公室里的每一个人都很惊讶。注意：在非限定性定语从句中，有时关系代词是指代整个句子，而不是指代一个单词，本句中which指代“吉姆通过了驾驶考试”这件事。Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,which,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他孩子好得多，这当然使得其他孩子嫉妒他。说明：本句中，which指代“海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他孩子好得多”这件事。Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,mostofwhicharesoldabroad.这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋，大都销往国外。补充：which前常用none/neither/most/both/each/all/alittleof等词修饰。London,whichisthecapitaloftheUK,isaverybeautifulcity.英国的首都伦敦是一座非常美丽的城市。B.在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用which而不用thatIwasputinapositioninwhichIhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant.我被置于一个要被迫接受低人一等现实的境地。Thisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.=Thisisthehotel(which/that)youwillstayin.这就是你将要住的旅馆。说明：在这句话中，介词in放在了句子的后面，那么关系代词既可以用which，也可以用that，还可以省略。C.在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that，那么另一句的关系词就需用whichLetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopen.让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。二．关系代词who和whom的用法两者都用于指代人，但在用法上存在差别。1.基本用法who可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom，即“介词+whom”。Johnnyisapersonwhoalwayshasnovelideas.约翰尼是一个经常会有新奇想法的人。（关系代词who在从句中作主语）ThegirlwhowonthefirstprizeisfromZhejiang.获得一等奖的女孩来自浙江。Sheisthegirlwho/whomIwillgotoShanghaiwith.她就是要和我一起去上海的那个女孩。（关系代词在从句中作宾语，who可以替whom）Thepersonwho/whomyoujusttalkedtoisMr.Depp.=ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Depp.刚刚和你谈话的人是德普先生。说明：因为把介词to提到宾语从句的句首，所以只能用whom，而不能用who。We’llgotothehospitaltoseethepatients,mostofwhomarechildren.我们要去医院看病人，这些病人大多数都是儿童。2.只用who而不用that的情况在定语从句中who和that指代人时可以通用，但在下列情况下只能用who，而不能用that。A.先行词是one，ones和anyone时，宜用who。Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。Theoneswhoflattermedon’tpleaseme.那些奉承我的人并不能取悦于我。Anyonewholaughslastlaughsbest.笑到最后的人是笑得最好的人。Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.任何不能完成指定任务的人，都应受到批评。B.先行词是those时，宜用who。Nowordsarestrongenoughtoexpressourthankstothosewhoworkedhardtorescuesurvivorsintheearthquake.对于那些在地震中为营救生还者而辛苦工作的人，任何言语都无法表达我们的感激之情。C.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。ImetagirlinthestreetyesterdaywhogrewuupinwesternYunnanprovince.昨天我在街上遇到一个在云南西部长大的女孩。D.一个句子中带有两个定语从句时， 其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who。Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.昨晚你遇见的那个男孩是个学习非常努力的组长。E.在therebe开头的句子中，宜用who。Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyourfather.有个年轻人想要见你父亲。Therearemanyoldmenwhoareagainstthisplan.有许多老人反对这个计划。Therewasakingwhowaskindtohispeople.有一位国王，他对他的臣民很仁慈。三．关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代物时，相当于ofwhich。whose引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句。DoyouknowPeterwhosefatherhappenstobeworkinginyourcompany?=DoyouknowPeter?Hisfatherhappenstobeworkinginyourcompany.你认识彼得吗？他的父亲恰巧正在你们公司工作。Thetouristwantedtobookaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Thetouristwantedtobookaroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.=Thetouristwantedtobookaroom.Theroom’swindowfacessouth.这位游客想要预订一间窗户朝南的房间。WewenttoseeourteacherMissStyles,whosehusbandlosthislifeintheearthquake.我们去看望了我们的老师斯泰尔斯小姐，她的丈夫在地震中丧生了。Xi’an,whosewallsremainasgoodasbefore,isoneofthefewcitieswithcitywalls.西安是少数几座有城墙的城市之一，它的城墙保持得和以前一样好。关系代词易错点：1.关系代词的省略关系代词做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略，在非限制性定语从句中不省略。Hangzhouisabeautifulcity(that/which)Ialwayswanttovisit.（在限制性定语从句中作visit的宾语，可以省略）杭州是我总想参观的一个美丽城市。Hangzhou,whichIvisitedlastweek,isabeautifulcity.（在非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，不可省略）杭州是一个美丽的城市，我上周去参观过。2.从句中代词的重复多余定语从句中的引导词指代先行词,从句中不能再出现指代该先行词的代词。ThebookthatIreadityesterdayisveryinteresting.（×）ThebookthatIreadyesterdayisveryinteresting.（√）我昨天读的那本书很有趣。3.what不引导定语从句定语从句中有关系代词that和which而没有what，what可以引导名词性从句。Allthatweneedisasupplyofoil.(that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all)Whatweneedisasupplyofoil.(what引导主语从句)我们需要的是石油供应。4.that不引导非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开）在非限制性定语从句，不能用关系代词that。如果指代“人”，用who/whom，指代“物”，用which。Thebasketballstar,whotriedtomakeacomeback,attractedlotsofattention.这位打算复出的篮球明星引起了很多关注。Hehasbecomeadoctor,whichhewantedtobe.他成为了一名医生，这是他以前一直梦想的。5.whose+n.=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.名词之前必须有the。Iliveintheroomwhosewindow/thewindowofwhich/ofwhichthewindowfacessouth.我住在窗子朝南开的房间里。6.定语从句中的主谓一致:关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语通常与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。注意：当先行词为“oneof+复数名词”

时定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；当先行词为“the(only/very)oneof+复数名词”

时定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。Heisagoodstudentwholikestohelpothers.他是一个乐于助人的好学生。Theyaregoodstudentswholiketohelpothers.他们是乐于助人的好学生。Heisoneofthestudentswhowerepraised.他是一个受到表扬的学生之一。Heistheone/theonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraised.他是唯一一个受到表扬的学生。7.关系代词前有介词时(介词提前).指人只用whom,指物只用whichThisistheboywithwhomhetalked.Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.【巩固提升】1．ThetrainI’mtravellingonisforShanghai.2．SheistheteacherI’velearnedalotfrom.3．Canyoutellmethenameofthestadiumyouvisitedlastweek?4．Theirprimaryschoolteachersandtheirlessonstheywerefondofinfluencedtheirlives.5．Iamgratefultomyheadteacheralwaysassistsmewithmylearning.6．Wewerealldeeplyimpressedbythewayhesolvedthatcomplexproblem,whichwasbothcreativeandefficient.7．Drawingonthesenaturaladvantages,DonglanhaspositionedTCMasakeyfoundationinrecentyears,adoptingastrategycombinesecologicalplanting,intensiveprocessing,andculturaltourism.8．Themainreasoncausesstressisthetightschedule.9．Thereasonhetoldmeforhisbeinglateforclassdidnotsoundbelievable.10．Thenewlibrarywasbuiltlastyearprovidesuswithaquietandcomfortableplacetostudyeveryday.11．However,thosedon’tscreenincomingideaswillendupbelievingthingsnotonlyfalse,butalsodangerous.12．Wealladmirethevolunteerdevotesmostofhistimetoprotectingwildanimalsintheforest.13．Theveterangeologistdedicatedhisentirelifetostudyingvolcanicactivitiesleftadetailedjournalthathelpedpredicttherecenteruptionsuccessfully.14．Theboywithmymotheristalkingismycousin.15．Theyoungteacherwealladmireverymuchalwaystriesherbesttohelpeverystudentwhoisintrouble.16．Therearesomepatientsthedoctoristakingspecialcareofinthespecialwardofthehospital.17．Theartistpaintingsshowtraditionallocalculturehaswonworldwidefamerecently.18．Thisevening,I’llbetalkingtoDrRichard,newbookhasjustbeenpublished.19．IncludingToAbei,achildren’snovelinspirationcomesfromChina’sLiethnictraditions,morethan2,500Chinesechildren’sbookswereondisplay.20．Thosegooddeedsalwayssetgoodexamplesforothersareworthourrespect.考点二关系副词的用法【知识精讲】关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用：在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。先行词关系副词关系副词在从句中充当的句子成分指地点where地点状语指时间when时间状语指原因why原因状语一．关系副词where的用法由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building，city，room等，where在从句中作地点状语。①Thehotelwasveryclean.那家旅馆很干净。②Westayedthere/atthehotel.我呆在那儿/那家旅馆。③=①+②Thehotelwherewestayedwasveryclean.我们呆过的那家旅馆很干净。先行词定语从句（where在从句中代替there或atthehotel，作地点状语）补充：可以用关系代词表述Thehotel(that/which)westayedatwasveryclean.=Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasveryclean.IgottothestagewhereIwasn’tcopinganymore.=Igottothestage(which/that)Iwasn’tcopingwithanymore.=IgottothestagewithwhichIwasn’tcopinganymore.我已经到了无法应付的阶段。ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.这就是我出生的那所房子。二．关系副词when的用法由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time，day，date等，when在从句中作时间状语。I’llneverforgetthetimewhenwefirstmet.我永远不会忘记我们第一次相遇时的情景。先行词定语从句（when在从句中代替duringthetime，作时间状语）补充：可以用关系代词表述：I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichwefirstmet.Thedate(when/that)hejoinedtheANCYouthLeaguewasAugust5th.他加入南非国民议会青年同盟的日期是8月5日。注意：从语法来讲，这个句子中的定语从句只能用when引导，但在口语中，常用that代替when，也可以省略。三．关系副词why的用法由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。ThereasonwhyIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.我获得一份工作的原因是我工作努力。先行词定语从句（why在从句中代替reason，作原因状语）补充：可以用关系代词表述：Thereason(that/for)whichIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.Thereasonwhyshewaslatewasthatshemissedherplane.=Thereason(that)shewaslatewasthatshemissedherplane.注意：一般来讲，在定语从句中，只要先行词是thereason，它的关系副词就是why；和when一样，在口语中，关系副词why常被that代替，也可以省略。=Thereasonforwhichshewaslatewasthatshemissedherplane.她迟到的原因是她错过了班机。Amydidn’tgetapayrise,butthiswasn’tthemainreasonwhysheleft.=Amydidn’tgetapayrise,butthiswasn’tthemainreason(that)sheleft.=Amydidn’tgetapayrise,butthiswasn’tthemainreasonforwhichsheleft.艾米没有获得加薪，但是这并不是她离开的主要原因。ThereasonwhyI’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty.=Thereason(that)I’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty.=ThereasonforwhichI’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty.我给你打电话的原因是想邀请你参加一个聚会。补充：带reason的定语从句与表语从句的常用句型定语从句“Thereasonwhy/that...”或“...thereasonwhy/that...”Iknowthereasonwhyshestudiessowell.我知道她学习好的原因。表语从句“Thereasonisthat...”（不能用why，否则就重复了）Thereasonisthatheisalwayscarelessinhiswork.原因是他在工作中总是粗心大意。四．关系代词和副词的选择对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是用关系副词，关键是要弄清楚关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，就是关系代词；如果关系词作状语，就是关系副词，口语用法除外。①Thisisthecollege(that/which)Ivisited.这就是我参观过的学院。②ThisisthecollegewhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.这就是我3年前在那儿学习过的学院。说明：两句中的先行词都是thecollege，但关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。②用关系副词where，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或inthecollege。①I’llneverforgettheday(that/which)wespenttogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的那一天。②I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIgotmarried.我永远忘不了我结婚的那一天。说明：两句中的先行词都是theday，但是它们的关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词spent的宾语。②用关系副词when，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于介词短语ontheway。【巩固提升】1．I’llneverforgetthedaysIfirstmetmybestfriendAmy.2．Doyouknowthereasonheissoangrywithme?3．ThisistheplaceIlostmyEnglishnotebook.4．ThereasonTomcamelatefortheweddingwashewasill.5．Thisisaspecialoccasionmanyfamilieswillgathertogethertocelebrate.6．Itisatimeeverythingcanbedonewithjustafewtapsonoursmartphones.7．Therearemanyoccasionsintheschoolthestudentsfeelembarrassed.8．Wearelivinginanagemanythingsaredoneoncomputer.9．Theyoungdoctorfacedasituationhehadtomakeaquickdecisionwithoutenoughinformation.10．Theprofessorpatientlyexplainedtherealreasontheancientwritingsystemhadremainedstableforthousandsofyearsdespitecountlesswarsandmigrations.11．Thereasonshecamelatewasthatshewasstuckinthetraffic.12．Thereasonshediditisthatshewouldn’tletherparentsfeeldisappointed.13．Creatinganatmospherestudentsfeelfreetoexpressthemselvesisabigchallengeforusteachers.14．Itwas10o’clocktheywentoutofthecinema.15．Theyconsidersummervacationsasatime/relaxingandhavingfunisanecessarypart.16．...,thesecorefeaturesarebuiltinwithourmemoriestocreateapersonalstorythroughweunderstandourlives.17．Shewasataloss,becauseitwasaproblemshewastotallyunprepared.18．OnmywaytoworkImetthegirlaboutyoutoldusyesterday.19．Thebookdiscussestheextenttopeople’sliveshavechangedoverthepasttenyears.20．Shelivedforsixandahalfyears,onlyhalfthelifeofthesheepfromshewascloned.一．单句语法填空1．Thetoolwithherepairedthemachineismissing.2．Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingswesawduringthetriptothecountryside.3．Shedidn’ttellmethereasonshewaslateforthemeeting.4．Thegirltohelenthisbikeishisdeskmate.5．Sheisthemosthardworkingstudentourclasshaseverhad.6．Weareinasituationeverysecondcounts.7．ThisistheinstitutemanyscholarsstudythecultureofTaoistpriests.8．ThisisthefirstpaintingIhaveeverboughtwithmyownmoney.

9．Thehousethewindowofisbrokenbelongstomyuncle.→Thehousewindowisbrokenbelongstomyuncle.10．Guilinisthemostbeautifulplacepeopleallovertheworldwanttovisit.11．ThisisthehouseinLuXunoncelived.12．Thehousewindowsfacenorthbelongstome.13．Themainstreetislinedwithsmallstandsandshopssellalmostanythingyoucanimagine.14．Isthistheveryarticleaboutenvironmentalprotectionyouthinkisworthreadinganddiscussing?15．Eachbuildsabodyofknowledgecontentconsistsofgenerallaws,principles,andgeneralizationsdescribinghowfacts,trends,andobservationsarerelated.16．Themuseumcollectionfeaturesover2,000artifactswilllaunchaspecialexhibitionnextmonth.17．ThekoalabrokeintotheAustralianwoman’shousewaswavingapoleasifperforming.18．Theterm“WenFang”referstoareadingroomorastudyintellectualsinancienttimescouldenjoyapeacefulmomentalone.19．Recently,manyWesternmusicalartistshavereleasedtheirlivealbums—aformathasseeminglylostitsappeal.二．语法填空A阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Baduanjin(八段锦),aformof1(fit),hasbeenpopularwithChineseyoungerpeoplethankstoitshealthbenefits.Lastyear,fashiondesignerJiangXitookupBaduanjin.ShepostedvideosofherpracticingBaduanjinonsocialmedia,and2(attract)morethan10,000followersinfourmonths.Mostofherfollowersagedbetween20to30.“WhenpracticingBaduanjin,allyouneedtodoistofocus3yourbodyandhealth,movingslowlyinacomfortablerhythm,andfree4(you)fromtheanxietyoflivingaloneinbigcities,”saidJiangXi.Underherinfluenceandpersuasion,JiangXi’solderbrotherJiangNanalsobecameavloggerofBaduanjin.5(live)indifferentcities,thesiblings(兄弟)havefoundnewkinshiptiesinBaduanjin.Everyweek,agroupofyoungerspracticeTaichibythelakeinXiaogangParkofGuangzhoucity,southChina’sGuangdongProvince.FengJunhuaistheorganizerofmartialartspractice.Hegathersyoungsters6areinterestedinmartialartsandhealthmaintenance,andfindsaquietplaceinthepark7(relax)theirbodies.“Practicingmartialartsismuch8(cheap)thanmanyotherleisureactivities,andpeoplefeellessburdenofsocializing.Thesefactorsattractyoungpeopleinthemetropolistoparticipate,”saidFeng.TraditionalChineseculturerequirestheinheritanceoftheseyoung9(generation).Youngpeoplearelookingfortheirinner“order”in10developingworld.Traditionalmartialartshavebroughtaconcreteandnaturalwayoflifeinlinewiththeirinnerselves.TheyarewhereyoungpeopleandtraditionalChinesecultureblend(融合).B阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WethinkthatlifeinChinesehighschoolisanadventureinwhichwehavetosurvivemountainsofhomeworkandexams.Yetwouldyoube1(surprise)ifItellyouthathighschoollifeintheUSisalmostasstressfulasitisinChina?InUShighschool,everything2(record)andgraded,includingyourgradesonquizzes,testsandfinalexaminations.Failing3(turn)inyourhomeworkontimewill4(direct)affectyourgradeforacertaincourse.PerhapsdifferentfromwhatweusedtothinkoftheUShighschool5(student),theypaygreatattention6gettinghighscorestotrytogetintoakeyuniversity.Otherwise,they’llbedisappointedafter7(graduate)fromhighschool.Likeuniversitystudents,theUShighschoolstudentshavethefreedomtochoosethecourses8mostattractthem.Evena9thgradercansitin9sameclassroomas12thgraders.Butthisalsomeansheorshehastoworkveryhard,becausetheteacherwillnottreathimorherdifferentlyjustbecauseheorsheisafewyears10(young)thanothers.C阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Smoothanddurable,Xuanpaperisknown1the“PaperofAges”.ThetermXuanpaperfirstappearedinOnFamousPaintingsthroughtheAges,abook2(write)byascholarZhangYanyuan,inwhichhedescribedXuanpaperasanidealcarrierforcalligraphyandpainting.ThecraftofmakingXuanpaperis3(extreme)challenging.Sandalwoodbark(檀香树皮),4specialplantuniquetosouthernChina,goesthrough108proceduresbeforeit5(change)intoabatchoffineXuanpaper.Theentireprocessissocomplexthateventhemostskilledcraftsmancanonlymastersomeofitssteps,6showsushowvaluablethecraftsmanshipis.7(make)greatXuanpaper,workershavetofigureouttherightproportionsofthematerialsincluded.Differentproportionsofbarktostrawcancreatedifferentcanvasesbestsuitedforartistic8(express).XuanpaperhasaccompaniedtheChineseliteratiforthousandsofyears.Unlikeotherformsofpaper,itcannotbeeasilydamagedbytime.9isthisdurability(耐用性)thathasmadethepreservationofmanytraditionalworksfromancientChinapossible.PapermakingisashapeofwisdomoftheancientChinese,andXuanpaperrepresentsthe10(high)levelofpapermaking.D阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。Severalyearsago,acompanyinShanghaiwastaskedwithbuildinganundergroundshoppingcenter,aparkinglot,andsubwaylinesundertheHuayanlicomplex(建筑群).Thethreebrick-and-woodbuildings,1(build)inthe1920s,areclassicexamplesofShikumen.2(protect)them,thebuildingshadtobemovedsomewhereelse.However,noneoftheusual3(method)couldworkbecauseoftheirlocationandweakness.Theengineersneededa4(create)way.Theteambeganwith5detailed3Drecordofthebuildings.Battery-powereddrillingrobotsthenworkedaroundthecomplex’sbase,clearingsoiltomakeroomfortheliftingrobotsbelow.Nextwere432small“walking”robots,6wereputbelowthebuildingscarefully.Workingtogether,theymovedthebuildingsforwardatvery,verylowspeed—about9metersperday.7total,thebuildingsweremovedabout48meterswest846metersnorth.Oncetheteamfinishedthefoundationworkfortheundergroundstructures,itwastimetomovethebuildingsback.Thewholework9(do)withintwentydays.Afterthebuildingswere10(safe)returned,workontheundergroundprojectcontinued.Thiseffortshowsclearlyhownewtechnologycanprotectoldbuildings.

专题04定语从句密码速通（关系代词、关系副词）（考点全解析）考点序号考点聚焦考点一限定性定语从句考点二关系代词的用法考点三关系副词的用法脉脉｜络｜重｜构限制性定语从句关系词先行词例句备注关系代词who人（主语）Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?who在从句中做主语，whom在从句中做宾语，口语中可由who代替，但介词提前时只能用whom。whom人（宾语）SheisthenewstudentwhoIwanttointroducetoyou.ThepolicemantowhomIspokejustnowismybrother.which物（主语，宾语）Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.ThenovelwhichTomboughtisveryinteresting.that人，物（主语，宾语）Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.Canyoulendmethemagazineaboutwhichyoutalkedyesterday?that在从句中即可指人也可指物，但介词提前时，指人只用whom，指物用whichthat人或物I’lltellyouall(that)Iknowaboutit.Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?I’vebroughteverything(that)youneed.Heistheonlypersonthatisbelievable.Johnistheverypersonthatshewantstosee.ThisisthesamebookthatIlostyesterday.当先行词为all,little,much和some,any,every,no构成的复合代词等表示物时，关系代词只能用that,在从句中做宾语可省去。如果先行词是人时，关系代词不受制约，用that或who(whom)均可先行词被形容词最高级、序数词或强调词theonly,thevery,thesame等修饰时定语从句用that引导。whose人，物（定语）Thebikewhosebrakewasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.whose在从句中做定语可指人或物，可分别用…ofwhom或ofwhich代替as人，物（主语，宾语，表语）Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.He’snotthesamemanashewas.先行词由so,such,thesame等词修饰时定语从句用as引导。as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间（状语）Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可根据具体的时间选用相应的介词+which结构where地点（状语）Heshowedmethebuildingwhereheusedtowork,可根据具体的地点选用相应的介词+which结构why原因（状语）Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouaresointerestedinscience?.可用forwhich替代考考｜点｜精｜讲考点一限定性定语从句在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词有两种:关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,as和关系副词when,where,why.关系代词3个作用：1）连接作用2）替代作用3）在从句中充当成分：作主语/宾语/表语/定语。如下图所示：先行词+关系词+定语从句↓↓↓Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.TheboywhoiswearingablackcoatboughtaniPodyesterday.穿着黑色外套的男孩昨天买了一个iPod.Thenoodlesthat/whichmymothercookedweredelicious.我妈妈煮的面条很好吃。TheschoolwhereIlearnedjudowasverylarge.我学习柔道的学校非常大。Irememberthedaywhenourbandwasformed.我记得我们乐队成立的日子。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyshegotsoangrythismorning.我不知道她今天早上为什么那么生气。说明：这几个例子中，先行词分别是boy，noodles，school，day，reason。加下划线的部分为定语从句。处在先行词和定语从句之间的who，that和which是关系代词，where，when和why是关系代词。考点二关系代词的用法关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代在从句中的成分that人/物主语/宾语/表语which物主语/宾语/表语who人主语/宾语/表语whom人宾语whose人/物定语一．关系代词that和which的用法两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。1.在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用Thenewhousethat/whichIhavejustboughtisaboutsixmilesaway.我新买的房子在大约6英里以外。Theyplantedsometreesthat/whichdidn’tneedmuchwater.他们种了一些不需要太多水的树。2.限定性定语从句中只用that而不用which的情况A.主句已有疑问句who或which时Whichofthecarsthatareinfrontofthehotelbelongstoyou?旅馆前面的小汽车中哪辆属于你？Whoisthemanthatissittingbythelake?坐在湖边的男人是谁？B.先行词既有人又有物时Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthathehadvisited.他谈到了他访问过的学校和老师。Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.撞倒一位老人的那辆自行车和骑车人都被送到了警察局。C.先行词为all，much，few，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时It’seasytodotherepair.Allthatyouneedisahammerandsomenails.做修理很容易。你所需要的全部东西是一把锤子和一些钉子。Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.我们没有太多能向你们提供的东西。I’dliketotellyousomethingthatwillmakeyousurprised.我想告诉你一件会使你感到惊奇的事。D.先行词有形容词最高级修饰时Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.这是用来防止污染的最好的办法。PollyisthemostdirectyoungwomanthatIhaveevercomeacross.波莉是我所见到的最直爽的年轻女性。E.先