初升高中英语暑假衔接材料：专题01 动词（时态、语态与主谓一致考点全解析）（暑假复习讲义）（原卷版及解析）

1/2专题01动词时态、语态与主谓一致考点全解析考点序号考点聚焦考点一一般时态（一般现在时、一般过去时）考点二进行时态（现在进行时、过去进行时）考点三完成时态（现在完成时、过去完成时）考点四将来时态（一般将来时、过去将来时）考点五被动语态（掌握被动语态的各个形式）考点六主谓一致（了解主谓一致三大原则）脉脉｜络｜重｜构考考｜点｜精｜讲考点一一般时态（一般现在时、一般过去时）（一）一般现在时【知识精讲】一般现在时的用法①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与often,always,usually,sometimes,onceaweek,everyday等表示频度的副词和时间状语连用。例如：Ioftentakeabustoschool．我经常坐公共汽车去上学。②表示客观事实或普遍真理。例如：Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声音传播得快。③当主句为一般将来时时，在以if,assoonas,until,when等引导的时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。【主将从现】例如：WhenIgrowup,lwillgotoAmerica.当我长大后，我会去美国。Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,wewillgotothezoo.如果明天不下雨，我们就去动物园。注意：和if用法相同的连词可以进行补充：until,assoonas,unless(if...not),when,after,before等。但注意when,after,before双重身份的词，并不是看到上面三个词就用主将从现。④在某些以here，there开头的句子中用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。（了解）例如：Theregoesthebell.铃响了。与一般现在时连用的时间状语①表示频度的副词always,often,usually,sometimes等。②onSunday,onMondayafternoon,everyyear等时间状语。③onceayear,twiceamonth,threetimesaweek之类的时间状语。【典例破题】Ifthis__________(go)on,thewildanimalswillsoonhavenowheretolive.2.ChineseLanguageDay________onApril20thofeveryyear,thesamedaywithGuyu.(fall)【巩固提升】

一、单项选择1．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Nowstudents________moretimetodofreetimeactivitiessuchasplayingsportsafterthe“doublereduction”policy(双减政策).

—Iagreewithyou.A．give B．aregiven C．gave D．aregiving2．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）TheThreeGorgesDam_________electricityformillionsofpeopleeveryyear.A．produce B．produces C．produced D．hasproduced3．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Everyyear,thousandsofpeople________FragrantHillsPark.A．wentto B．goto C．willgo D．havegone4．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Whatdidthephysicsteachersay,Jim?—Hetoldusthatlight_________fasterthansound.A．istravelling B．willtravel C．travelled D．travels5．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Janet________hergrandparentseverymonth.Shelovesthemverymuch.A．hasvisited B．wasvisiting C．willvisit D．visits6．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Theteachertogetherwithmostofherstudents________toschooleveryday.A．arewalking B．walk C．walks D．walked7．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Shealways________herkeysonthetablewhenshecomeshome.A．lays B．lies C．laid D．lain8．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）We’llgoforapicnicifit________thisFriday.A．won’train B．isn’training C．doesn’train D．don’train9．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Themanisverykind.Wealways________himasourteacher.A．treatment B．treat C．treated D．treats10．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Mymother________Englishatamiddleschool.Sheisagoodteacher.A．teach B．teaches C．teaching D．toteach（二）一般过去时【知识精讲】一般过去时的用法表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysago等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.【注意】1)过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用usedto或would加动词原形来表达，例如：IusedtogofishingonSundays.“usedto”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如：Thisriverusedtobeclean.判断标志:过去时间状语或过去经常性的时间状语.如：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastnight(week,month,year,spring…)anhour/threeyearsago,once,onceuponatime=long,longago,5dayslater,theotherday，in1988，beforeliberation,justnow，以及由when,before,after,until等引导的状语从句表示过去的时间状语。【典例破题】LastweekSuzy__________（借）thefourgreatclassicalChinesenovelsfromHenry.2.—Kevin,youlookworried.Anythingwrong?—Well,IatestandI'mwaitingfortheresult.A.willtakeB.tookC.hadtakenD.take【巩固提升】

1．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）I________up________latethismorningthatIwaslateforschoolagain.A．havegot;such B．got;such C．havegotten;so D．got;so2．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Haveyoureadthisnovel?—Yes,I________itseveraldaysago.A．read B．hasread C．hadread D．reads3．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）IwenttoHainanlastyear,andI________thereforthreemonths.A．hasstayed B．hadstayed C．stayed D．wasstaying4．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Mybrotherhasworkedasadoctorsincehe________university.A．hasleft B．isleaving C．leaves D．left5．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）LastSunday,I________twohoursonadelightfulcitywalk.A．spend B．spent C．spending D．willspend6．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Lookatthesign“NoSmoking”onthewall.—Oh,I’msorry.I________it.A．don’tnotice B．won’tnotice C．haven’tnoticed D．didn’tnotice7．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—WhereisLily?—She________tothesupermarketfiveminutesago.A．goes B．went C．is D．hasgone8．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）She________fishingwithhergrandpaeveryweekendwhenshewasakid.A．goes B．went C．hasgone D．isgoing9．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Wheredidyougolastsummervacation,Alice?—MyfamilyandI________toKunming.A．went B．aregoing C．willgo D．havegone10．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）I________amessagetomyfriendlastweek,butshehasn’trepliedyet.A．sent B．send C．amsending D．willsend考点二进行时态（现在进行时、过去进行时）（一）现在进行时【知识精讲】现在进行时的用法(1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。e.g.Thestudentsareworkingonthefarmthesedays.学生们这些天一直在农场劳动。注意：关于现在进行时要注意其概念中的两点“此时此刻（now）”与“现阶段（thesedays）”。(3)用现在进行时表示将来。常用这种结构的动词有：go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。e.g.WeareleavingforShanghai.我们就要动身去上海了。Thebusiscomingsoon.公共汽车就快来了。(4)当时间状语为now,thesedays等或当句子中含有look,listen,canyousee,can’tyousee之类的暗示词时，要用现在进行时【注意】下列这些动词一般不能用现在进行时=1\*GB3①表示感觉的动词，如see,hear等=2\*GB3②表示喜欢或厌恶的动词，如like,love,hate等；表示希望的动词，如want,wouldlike等=3\*GB3③表示状态的动词，如be等=4\*GB3④表示归属的动词，如have等=5\*GB3⑤表示思维，知识或理解能力的动词，如know,think,forget等【典例破题】Sorry,buddy.I__________(drive)atthemoment.CanIcallyoubacklater?2.—I'mnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.—Butourfriendsforus.A.willwaitB.waitC.havewaitedD.arewaiting【巩固提升】1．—Listen!Who________inthemusicroom?—ItmustbeLily.Sheenjoyssingingwhenshe________free.A．issinging;was B．issinging;is C．sings;was D．sings;is2．—Couldyoupleasehelpmetosolvethisphysicsproblem?—Howabouttenminuteslater?I________onmyscienceprojectrightnow.A．work B．worked C．amworking D．haveworked3．Listen!Grandpa__________inthelivingroomnow.A．issinging B．wassinging C．willsing D．sings4．—Whereisyourfather?—He________hiscarinthegarage.A．repairs B．repaired C．isrepairing D．willrepair5．—Sam,let’sdothecleaningtogether.—Justaminute.I________myhomework,almostfinished.A．did B．amdoing C．willdo D．havedone6．—Whyareyousonoisy?—Sorry,we________theplayforthetalentshow.A．practice B．practiced C．willpractice D．arepracticing7．—Let’splayfootballwithDavid.Howaboutcallinghim?—David________fortomorrow’scompetitionathome.Pleasedon’ttroublehim.A．prepares B．ispreparingC．hasprepared D．prepared8．—Areyoubusythesedays?

—Yes,I________onmygeographyproject.A．work B．amworking C．wasworking D．willwork9．Ourforeignteacher________forShanghaionFriday.Shallwegotoseehimoffattheairport?A．left B．wasleaving C．hasleft D．isleaving10．John________dinnerattheYoungRestaurantat5o’clocklastFriday.A．has B．had C．ishaving D．washaving（二）过去进行时【知识精讲】过去进行时的用法：①表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。例如：Milliewascleaningherbedroomat8p.m.yesterday.昨晚八点钟的时候米莉在打扫她的卧室。②表示在过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作。例如：Wewereworkingonthefarmthosedays.那些天我们正在农场上劳动。③表示过去某一动作发生时，另一动作也在同时进行。例如：Theyweremakingnoteswhilewewerereading.我们看书的时候他们正在记笔记。④表示过去不断重复的动作。例如：Whenheworkedhere,Johnwasalwaysmakingmistakes.约翰在这儿工作时总是犯错。⑤go,come,leave,arrive,start等动词其过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。【注意】含有when或while引导的时间状语从句中过去进行时的运用①主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，主句用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时。例如：HewaswatchingTVwhenthephonerang.②从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时。例如：Jim

came

in

while

Kate

was

watching

TV.

在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。③若主句、从句动作开始时间不存在先后关系（即同时发生）或无所谓先后时，主从句可同时使用过去进行时，此时的时间状语从句一般由while来引导。例如：Theyweremakingnoteswhilewewerereading.我们看书的时候他们正在记笔记。【典例破题】Whilehe____53____(wait)forSand,hewrotePreludeno.15.2.—Peter,whatwereyoudoingatthistimelastnight?—I________chesswithmygrandfather.A.play B.wasplaying C.amplaying D.played【巩固提升】1．—Didyouhearthesongjustnow?—No,Ididn’t.I________tomusiconheadphones.A．amlistening B．havelistened C．waslistening D．willlisten2．MysisterandI________TVathomeatthistimeyesterday.A．watch B．arewatching C．willwatch D．werewatching3．—Whydidn’tyouwatchthefinalofthefootballmatchlastnight,John?—Well,I________thehistoryprojectwithmyfriendsatthattime.A．discuss B．discussed C．amdiscussing D．wasdiscussing4．Tonycalledhismothereveryweekevenwhilehe__________aroundtheworld.A．istravelling B．travels C．travelled D．wastravelling5．—Andy,youlooksotired!What’sup?—I________formyreportallnight.Luckily,I’vefinishedit!A．prepare B．waspreparing C．ampreparing D．willprepare6．Myparents________dinnerwhenIgothomeyesterday.A．hascooked B．werecooking C．willcook D．cooks7．Whenwe________oursoccermatchIfelloverthreetimes.A．play B．played C．wereplaying D．haveplayed8．—Whyareyousolatetoday?—ThreebuseswentbywithoutstoppingwhileI________atthebusstop.A．amwaiting B．waited C．waswaiting D．havewaited考点三完成时态（现在完成时、过去完成时）（一）现在完成时【知识精讲】现在完成时的用法(1)表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在(也许还将持续下去)。表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有:lately,recently,inthelast/pastfewdays/years(在过去的几天/年里),sincethen,uptonow,sofar(至今)等。如:MaryhasbeenillsincelastSunday.玛丽从上个星期天开始就生病了。IhavelivedinKoreafortwoyears.我已经在韩国住两年了。(2)表示一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响，注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有:already,just(刚刚)，yet,never,before等。如:Hehasturnedoffthelight.(=Thelightisoffnow.)他关掉灯了。Theconcerthasstarted.(=Theconcertisonnow.)音乐会开始了。(3)几个副词在现在完成时中的用法=1\*GB3①just意为“刚刚”，表示动作刚刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词之间；e.g.HehasjustcomebackfromAmerica=2\*GB3②ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词和过去分词之间；e.g.HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?你去过伦敦吗？【注意】重点考点havebeenin+地点+时间段,表示“在/来某地多久”；havegoneto+地点,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人称。）havebeento+地点,表示“去过某地”。（人已回）。JimhasgonetoNewYorkwithhisfamily.吉姆和他的家人去了纽约。HaveyoueverbeentoNewYork?你去过纽约吗？TheGreenshavebeeninNewYorkforthreeyears.格林一家在纽约（生活）已有3年了。MrLihasbeenatthisschoolfortenyears.李先生在这个学校已有10年了。TheGreensareinNanjingnow.Theyhavebeenhereforhalfayear.格林一家现在在南京。他们在这儿已有半年了。部分非延续性动词(短语)和延续性动词(短语)的转换:买buy-have借borrow-keep结婚getmarried-bemarried参加join-beamemberof离开leave-beaway回来comeback-beback生病fallill-beill死亡die-bedead关闭turnoff-beoff打开turnon-beon动身leavefor-beoffto变成become-be返回return-beback开始begin-beon睡觉gotobed-sleep来/去come/go-bein/away入睡gotosleep-beasleep到达getto/arrivein(at)/reach-bein如何区别一般过去时和现在完成时?(1)现在完成时表示始于过去，持续到现在这一段时间的动作或状态;而一般过去时却表示在过去发生，并在过去结束的动作或状态。如:JohnlivesinLondon.Hehaslivedthereforsevenyears.约翰住在伦敦，他在那里住了七年。(2)选择现在完成时还是一般过去时，常常取决于讲话人头脑中是否有一个尚未结束的隐含时间区。如:Haveyouseenthefilm?你已经看过这部电影了吗?(电影还在播放)Didyouseethefilm?你看了这部电影?(电影播放过了)(第一句暗示现在电影正在放映，问话人想了解听话人对电影的看法如何;第二句暗示电影放映过了，与现在无关，问话人只问听话人是否看了电影那个事实。)(3)现在完成时常用于提供新的信息，因此，两人对话时往往先用现在完成时，如果继续谈到具体的事物、时间、地点、方法，须用一般过去时。如:一Haveyouwatchedthefootballmatch?你看足球赛了吗?—Yes,Ihave.是的，我看过了。—Whendidyouwatchit?你什么时候看的?—Iwatchedityesterday.我昨天看的。【典例破题】1.迈克已经承诺会为同学们发书。Mike________________________________________________tohisclassmates.2.—MyfatherandI________alotofphotosatthesameplaceinthepasttenyears.—Thosephotosmustbeyourvaluablememories.A.havetaken B.willtake C.take D.weretaking【巩固提升】1．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Linda________writinganewnovelalready!—Yes!Sheworkedonitforawholeyear.Theideasinitaretrulyamazing.A．finishes B．willfinish C．finished D．hasfinished2．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Greatchanges________inmyhometownsinceIleftheretenyearsago.A．havetakenplace B．tookplace C．weretakingplace D．willtakeplace3．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）ThenumberofChineseWeibousers________250millionsofar.A．hasreached B．reached C．willreach D．reach4．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Ourschool________second-handbooksandtoysrecently.Now,wearereadytosendthemtosomeprimaryschoolsinpoorareasforfree.A．collects B．wascollecting C．hascollected D．willcollect5．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Scientists________greatprogressintheresearchofcomputersinthepastthirtyyears.A．make B．made C．willmake D．havemade6．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Thisbookmustbegreat.Mysister________itfivetimes.A．reads B．read C．hasread D．isreading7．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Howlong________yourparents________inYangzhou?—Formorethan20years.Theylovethiscityverymuch.A．have;lived B．did;live C．do;live D．will;live8．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Mysister________tocookinthelastfewmonths.—That’sgreat.Sheneedn’tordermealsonlineeveryday.A．learns B．haslearnedC．waslearning D．willlearn9．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Heaswellashissisters________Chinesefortenyears.A．study B．havestudied C．hasstudied D．studies10．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Alice_________ateachersinceshegraduatedfromcollege.A．became B．hasbecome C．was D．hasbeen（二）过去完成时【知识精讲】过去完成时的用法构成：助动词had+过去分词.过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和by,before等词组成的短语和从句连用。Wehadalreadylearnedtwothousandswordsbytheendoflastyear.Whenwearrivedatthestation,theyhadwaitedformorethantwentyminutes.判断标志：bytheendoflastmonth,bytheendoflastyear,bynineo’clock,等时间【典例破题】1．WhenIgottothestation,Ifoundthatthetrain______.Ihadtowaitforthenextone.A．left B．hadleft C．wasleaving D．wouldleave2．Bytheendoflastmonth,thefactory______10,000cars.A．produced B．hadproduced C．hasproduced D．produces【巩固提升】1．Bythetimetheambulancearrived,theinjuredman(lose)alotofblood.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．Shetoldmeshe(neversee)suchabeautifulsunsetbefore.(所给词的适当形式填空)3．WhenIopenedthedoor,Isawthatsomeone(break)intomyhouse.(所给词的适当形式填空)4．Bylastsummer,they(visit)over20countriestogether.(所给词的适当形式填空)5．Iwasdisappointedtofindthatallthetickets(sell)outwhenIgottothecinema.(所给词的适当形式填空)6．Sherealizedshe(make)aterriblemistakeonlyaftershehadsenttheemail.(所给词的适当形式填空)考点四将来时态（一般将来时、过去将来时）（一）一般将来时【知识精讲】一般将来时的用法表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ishallattendthemeetingtomorrow.表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：HewillgotoseehismothereverySaturdays.表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺，命令等时常用will，征求对方意见，主语是第一人称时，常用shall。Iwilldomybesttocatchupwiththem.ShallIopenthedoor?be+going+动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近或将来要作的某事。IamgoingtoBeijingnextweek.be+动词不定式(todo…)。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。Thereistobeameetingthisafternoon.Wearetomeettheguestsatthestation.beabout+动词不定式(todo…)，表示即将作某事。Theyareabouttoleave.判断标志：将来的时间状语如tomorrow,nextweek(month，year，spring,summer,autumn,winter,Monday…),thedayaftertomorrow,inthefuture,soon,someday=oneday等。【典例破题】1．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Mom,doyouknowwhenthesupermarket_______tomorrow?A．opened B．open C．willopen D．hasopened【巩固提升】1．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—WhatwillyoudonextSaturday,Tina?—I________tothenursinghomeandworkasavolunteerthere.A．go B．went C．willgo D．wasgoing2．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）Howtimeflies!I________aseniorhighschoolinSeptemberin2025.A．enter B．entered C．willenter D．haveentered3．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Lucy,Marycalledyoujustnow.—Oh,really?Thanksfortellingme.I________herbacklater.A．call B．called C．amcalling D．willcall4．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—HaveyoubeentoShanghai?—Notyet.I________therewithmyfamily.A．go B．went C．willgo D．havegone5．（25-26九年级·全国·一轮复习）—Thenewtermiscoming.We________backtoschoolinafewdays.—That’sveryexciting.Iwanttoseeallmyteachersandclassmates.A．head B．headed C．haveheaded D．willhead（二）过去将来时【知识精讲】过去将来时的用法由would+动原构成或was(were)goingto+动原构成。过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。例如：Theyweregoingtohaveameeting.ItoldhimthatIwouldseehimoffatthestation.判断标志：thenextweek,thenextyear连用【典例破题】1.LastSundayhepromisedhebuthehasn’tarriveduntilnow.(come)(所给词的适当形式填空)【巩固提升】一、单项选择1．Thescientistconfirmedthathisteam______theexperimentbytheendofthefollowingmonth.A．completes B．completed C．wouldcomplete D．willcomplete2．Theskywasdark.It________rain.A．will B．wasgoingto C．isaboutto D．wasto3．IfeltabitnervousasI______togivemyfirstpublicspeech.A．will B．wasgoing C．wasabout D．wasto4．Lookatthesettingsun!We______lateforthetrainifwedidn’thurryup.A．were B．weregoingtobe C．wereabouttobe D．weretobe二、语法填空5．Thismorning,Iwasworriedthatnoone(will)talktome.ButIwaswrong.Ididn’tfeelawkwardorfrightenedatall.(所给词的适当形式填空)6．Thecompanystillclaimedthatmostpeople(be)travellingindriverlesscarsonedaysoon.(所给词的适当形式填空)考点五被动语态（掌握被动语态的各个形式）【知识精讲】被动语态的定义被动语态是一种动词形式，它强调动作的接受者而不是执行者。在被动语态中，动作的执行者通常不明确或不重要。被动语态的基本结构-be动词+过去分词被动语态的时态英语中的被动语态可以用于所有时态。以下是一些常见的时态及其被动语态形式：一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词例句：Thebookisreadbymanystudents.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词例句：Theletterwaswrittenbymysister.现在进行时：am/is/arebeing+过去分词例句：Thehouseisbeingpainted.过去进行时：was/werebeing+过去分词例句：ThebookwasbeingreadwhenIenteredtheroom.现在完成时：have/hasbeen+过去分词例句：Theworkhasbeendone.过去完成时：hadbeen+过去分词例句：Theprojecthadbeencompletedbeforethedeadline.一般将来时：willbe+过去分词例句：Thereportwillbepublishednextweek.被动语态的否定形式在被动语态中，否定形式是通过在be动词前加上“not”来构成的。一般现在时：amnot/isnot/arenot+过去分词例句：Thebookisnotreadbymanystudents.一般过去时：wasnot/werenot+过去分词例句：Theletterwasnotwrittenbymysister.被动语态的疑问形式将be动词提前到主语前，构成被动语态的疑问句。一般现在时：Is/Are+主语+过去分词？例句：Isthebookreadbymanystudents?一般过去时：Was/Were+主语+过去分词？例句：Wastheletterwrittenbymysister?被动语态的强调形式有时，为了强调动作的执行者，可以在被动语态中使用“by+名词”结构。例句：Theletterwaswrittenbymysister,notbymybrother.被动语态的省略形式在某些情况下，尤其是在口语或非正式写作中，可以省略“by+名词”结构。例句：Theletterwaswritten(bymysister).被动语态的不可用情况某些动词，如“have”、“need”、“want”等，通常不用于被动语态。错误：Thebookisneededbythestudents.正确：Thestudentsneedthebook.被动语态的转换将主动语态转换为被动语态时，可以将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语，动词变为相应的be动词形式加上过去分词。主动语态：Thecompanyproduceshigh-qualityproducts.被动语态：High-qualityproductsareproducedbythecompany.注意：使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：不及物动词无被动语态。Whatwillhappenin100years.Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。Thispenwriteswell.Thisnewbooksellswell.3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。例：makesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+madetodosomethingseesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+seentodosomethingThebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。Hegavemeabook.→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。Wecan'tlaughathim.→Hecan'tbelaughedatbyus.【典例破题】1．—Excuseme,canIparkinthestreet?—I’msorry.Youcanparkonneithersideofthestreet,oryou________.A．fined B．willfine C．werefined D．willbefined2．Don’tworry.Yourpackage________hereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.A．kept B．cankeep C．couldkeep D．canbekept【巩固提升】一、单项选择1．Thesportsmeeting________everytermatthisschool.A．isholding B．willbeheld C．isheld D．washeld2．Manyteaplants________onthesidesofthemountainseveryyear.A．grow B．aregrow C．aregrown D．grew3．—Cindy,areyougoingtoJeff’sbirthdaypartyonSunday?—UnlessI________.A．willbeinvited B．aminvited C．wasinviting D．invited4．Thecriminal_________forhisterriblecrimesinthe19thcentury.A．washanged B．washung C．hanged D．hung5．HeJiang________togiveaspeechatthegraduationceremonyatHarvardUniversitylastmonth.A．invites B．invited C．isinvited D．wasinvited6．—I________togotoAustraliaasanexchangestudentthismorning.—Congratulations!A．told B．amtold C．wastold D．hastold7．Myadviceonhowtosavepaper________bymyclasslastMonday.A．accepted B．wasaccepted C．isaccepted D．hasaccepted8．Anewbridge________inmyhometownnextyear.A．bebuilt B．willbuild C．isbuilt D．willbebuilt9．People________iftheycutdownthetrees.A．willpunish B．willbepunishedC．werepunished D．arepunished10．Anewshoppingcenter________inourcitynextyear.A．build B．isbuilt C．wasbuilt D．willbebuilt考点六主谓一致（了解主谓一致三大原则）【知识精讲】一、语法一致 语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。单数n.，不可数n.,不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。 Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm. Timeismoney. Tofinishalltheworkontimeisimpossible. Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes. Thechildrenareintheclassroom2hoursago.◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。 WhatIboughtwere3Englishbooks. WhatIsayanddoarehelpfultoyou.由and或both...and连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。 LucyandLilyaretwins. SheandIarefriends. BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。 Thewriterandartisthascome.◆由and连接的并列单数主语前分别有each,every,nomorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom. Noboyandnogirllikesit.主语后面有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.either,neither,each,every或no+单数neither/neither/noneof＋复数名词，还有some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Eachofushasanewbook.Everythingaroundusismatter.Neitherofthetextsisinteresting.NoneofushasbeentoSouthAfrica.定语从句中，关系代词that,which,who作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。Heisoneofmystudentswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.集体名词family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。Hisfamilyisahappyone.ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.ThepopulationofChinais1400million.(人口)Onethirdofthepopulationhereareworkers.(人)◆people,cattle,police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。由alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。Therestofthelectureiswonderful.Alotoftimeiswasted.Alotofpeopletakepartinthemeeting.2/3waterisdrunkbyhim.2/3studentsareabsent.倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。Onthewallaremanypictures.Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.二、意义一致表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Twentyminutesisenoughforthework.OnehundreddollarsisstolenfromtheATM.如果是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。TheArabianNightsisaninterestingstorybook.oneandahalf＋复数n.，谓语动词用单数。Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.算是中表示数目通常用单数（加减乘除）表示学科的以-ics结尾的名词作主语，用单数。Physicsisanimportantsubjectinmiddleschools.Mathematicsisthestudyofnumbers.Politics,economics,athletics等。复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语，意义一致。Theglassworkswasbuiltupin1980.Theseglassworksareneartherailwaystation.由两部分组成的名词，trousers,glasses,shorts,scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。apairof等量词时，视情况而定。The＋adj.表示一类人，作主语时用复数。 Theyoungareusuallyveryactive. Theoldarelonely.三、就近一致就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1.当两个主语由either…or，neither…nor，whether…or…，notonly…butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 NeitherhisparentsnorIamabletopersuadehimtochangehismind. 他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。2.therebe句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 Thereare

two

pens，a

book

and

three

pencils

on

the

desk.书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。 There

isa

book，two

pens

and

three

pencils

on

the

desk.

书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。

3.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 Hereisamapandahandbookforyou.这是一张你的地图和一本手册。 Sucharethefacts. 事实就是如此。4.就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。 主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有as

well

as，as

much

as，along

with，with，like，rather

than，

together

with，but，except，besides，including，in

addition

to等。 Your

sister

as

well

as

your

parents

is

very

kind

to

me.你姐姐和你父母一样，对我很好。 She，like

you

and

betty，is

very

clever.像你和betty一样，她也很聪明。

四、需要特别注意的要点（一）＂名词+介词短语＂作主语名词或代词后接aswellas，with，alongwith，togetherwith，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。Sheaswellasotherstudentslikesplayingcomputergames.她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。Hewithhisparentsisworkinginthefields.他正和他的父母在地里干活。Nobodybutyouandmeknowsit.除了你和我，没人知道。（二）不定代词作主语1.当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Eachstudenthasabook.每一个学生都有一本书。Eitheransweriscorrect.两个答案都是正确的。Neitherparentiswithhim.他的父母都没有和他在一起。Everyminuteisimportanttous.每一分钟对大家都很重要。2.当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Somebodyiswaitingforyououtside.有人在外面等你。Iseverybodyheretoday?今天大家都到了吗?Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.我的手表出故障了。Nobodywasawayyesterday.昨天没有人离开。（三）特殊名词作主语1.国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。TheUnitedStatesliestotheeastofChina.美国在中国的东方。(国名)Engelswasgoodatlearningforeignlanguages.恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)2.＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。Thesickaretakengoodcareof.病人得到很好的照顾。Theoldaresupposedtobespokentopolitely.跟老人讲话要有礼貌。3.以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。Physicsisverydifficultformetolearn.物理对我来讲很难学。Thenewswasveryexciting.这条新闻十分激动人心。4.单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。AChinesewantstoseeyou.一个中国人想见你。Tensheepareeatinggrassthere.那边有10只绵羊在吃草。【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。TheChinesespeakChinese.中国人说汉语。（四）表数量概念的词或短语作主语1.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Tenyearshaspassedquickly.10年很快就过去了。Tendollarsisenough.10美元就够了。100kilometersisalongway.100千米是一段很长的路。2.加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。Twoandtwois/arefour.2加2等于4。Sixtimesoneis/aresix.6乘以1等于6。3.＂manya/morethanone+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Thereismorethanoneanswer.有不止一个答案。Manyastudenthaspassedtheexam.许多学生通过了考试。4.＂oneandahalf+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。OneandahalfdaysisallIcanspare.一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。Oneandahalfpearsisleftontheplate.一个半梨被留在盘子里。5.therestof...短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。Therestofthebikesareonsale.余下的自行车降价出售。Therestofthebreadisgone.剩余的面包不见了。6.＂noneof+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。Noneofthedogswas/werethere.那儿没有狗。7.＂anumberof+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂thenumberof+名词复数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。Anumberoff