新探索研究生英语（基础级）读写教程U5课件-AE1

Learningobjectives01understandthedifferenceandconnectionbetweenethicsandlaw;thinkabouthowyoudecidewhatisrightandwrong02understandthekeyfeaturesofChina’sCivilCodeandthinkabouthowitwillinfluenceyourdailylife04deliveraspeechaboutChina’sCivilCodetotheclass03practicescanningatextCONTENTSDiscussionpointGettingprepared2Reading&understandingReading1Thinking&exploringViewingMini-projectDevelopingculturalawareness13DiscussionpointWhatareyourideasaboutthefollowingquestions?Discussthemwithapartner.GettingpreparedWhichbehaviordoyouthinkisthemostworryingandwhichistheleast?Doyouthinkeachofthesesituationsshouldbepunished?Howandwhy?Whoseresponsibilityisittodecidewhatisrightandwrong?Doyoualwaysagreewithyourfriendsonwhatisrightandwrong?Why?DiscussionpointGettingpreparedWhichbehaviordoyouthinkisthemostworryingandwhichistheleast?Ithinklyingtohideone’smistakesisthemostworryingbecauselyingitselfisaseriousissue.What’smore,thereasonforlyingistohideone’smistakes.Itindicatesthattheyarenotabletoshouldertheirresponsibilityproperlyandtheremightbeseriousconsequences.Ithinknotdoingone’sjobtoahighstandardistheleastworryingbecausetheremightbemanyreasons.Forexample,heorsheisnotcompetentenoughtodothejobtoahighstandard.DiscussionpointGettingpreparedDoyouthinkeachofthesesituationsshouldbepunished?Howandwhy?Ithinklyingontherésuméshouldbepunished.Thepunishmentmaybelosingthejob,becauseheorshehasgotthejobbasedonalie,andlyingisnotacceptableintheworkplace.DiscussionpointGettingpreparedWhoseresponsibilityisittodecidewhatisrightandwrong?Whensomeoneblamesotherpeopleforworkgoingwrong,Ithinkit’stheresponsibilityoftheirbosstodecidewhatisrightandwrong,becausetheirbossisthepersoninchargeandshouldfindoutthetruth.DiscussionpointGettingpreparedDoyoualwaysagreewithyourfriendsonwhatisrightandwrong?Why?No,wedonotalwaysagreewitheachother.Forexample,Ithinkgettingajobbecauseoffamilyconnectionsisnotacceptable,whilesomeofmyfriendsbelieveitisunderstandable.Ithinkitisbecausewehavedifferentviewsonwhatisrightandwrong.Academicexploration1Reading&understandingUnderstandingthetextLanguagefocusLanguagepointsThinking&exploringInterpretingthetextThinkingcriticallyGettingtheskillTextstructureReading1Warming-upSkimmingthetextTranslatethefollowingphrasesintoEnglish.Academicexploration1Reading&understandingReading1Warming-uplegalinstitutes法律机构书面规章制度维护社会秩序维护和平与正义强制执行惩罚伦理原则伦理规范违反法律法律义务writtenrulesandregulationskeepthesocialordermaintainpeaceandjusticeenforceapunishmentethicalprinciplesethicalcodesbreakthelawslegalobligationsWarming-upSkimmingthetextSkimthetextandmatcheachtopicsentencetothecorrespondingparagraph.Academicexploration1Reading&understandingPara.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para.6Para.7Amorecontroversialareaiswhenunethicalbehavioristhoughttoaffectthewidersociety.Manylegalthingsareoftenconsideredunethical.Societyjudgesrightandwronginmanydifferentways.Whenunethicalbehavioraffectsmanypeople,thereisoftenadebateastowhetherthelawshouldbechanged.Clearly,ethicsaloneisnotenoughtocontroltheactionsofindividualsororganizationswithinasociety.However,ethicshasaverydifferentpositioninsociety.(None.)CGFBAReading1DESkimmingthetextSkimmingthetextSkimthetextandfindoutthemainideaofeachparagraph.Academicexploration1Reading&understandingReading1SkimmingthetextPara.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para.6Para.7Manysocietiesrelyuponlawsandethicstojudgerightandwrong.Thedefinitionoflaw.Thedefinitionofethics.Manylegalthingscouldbeconsideredasunethicalbehaviorwhiletheperceptionofunethical

behaviormightvaryfrompersontoperson.Whenunethicalbehavioraffectsawidersociety,controversiesarise.Whenunethicalbehavioraffectsmanypeople,thereisoftenadebateastowhetherthelawshould

bechanged.Lawandethicsaredifferent,butthefinelinebetweenthetwocouldbetranscendedwhenthewidersocietyfeelsnecessarytodoso.UnderstandingthetextCompleteeachofthefollowingsentenceswithnomorethanthreewordsfromthetext.ComprehensionAcademicexploration1Reading&understandingReading1Lawsareusually1)__________formsofrulesandregulations,andarecreatedbyalegalinstituteortheirrepresentatives.Ethicsvaryfrompersontoperson,becauseeachpersonhastheirownviewof2)_________________.3)__________________________andnotkeepingapromiseareoftennotagainstthelaw,butpeopleusuallythinktheyareunethical.Thereisnotusuallyaformal4)__________forunethicalbehavior–onlytheopinionsofothers.writtenPara.2rightandwrongPara.3Tellingalie/Lying/TellingliesPara.4punishmentPara.4UnderstandingthetextComprehensionAcademicexploration1Reading&understandingReading1Taxesallowgovernmentstoprovideservicessuchas5)_______________

and6)_________________.7)_____________islegallyavoidingpayingtaxes.8)___________isillegalbecausecompaniesarenotfollowingthetaxlawsofacountry.Governmentswanttomakeit9)__________forcompaniestoavoidtax.school/schoolshospital/hospitalsPara.5TaxavoidanceTaxevasionPara.5Para.5harderPara.6LanguagefocusWordsinuseCompletethesentenceswiththewordsbelow.Changetheformifnecessary.Thegovernmenthasintroduceda(n)______________tofightagainsttaxavoidance._____________organizationsshouldberesponsibleforthebehavioroftheiremployees.This________________aimstoimprovebusinessethicsandencouragehighstandardsofbusinessbehaviorbasedonethics,butithasnocontroloverhowcompaniesactuallybehave.Inanidealsituation,noonewoulddoanything____________.Theywouldallfollowthelaw.initiativeAcademicexploration1Reading&understanding

Reading1corporate evasion illegal initiativeinstitute provision representative ultimatelyCorporateinstituteillegalLanguagefocusWordsinuse______________,itisuptotheindividualtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.Thisreportdiscussesthepoliciesdevelopedatthenationalleveltoimprovethe______________ofchildcarefacilities.Thecurbsonbigcompaniessuggestgovernmentsarebeginningtoreinin(约束)giants,andtheir___________ofresponsibilitymaybecomingtoanend.Generally,aparentorguardianofaminorchild(未成年子女)isregardedasthe“personal__________________”oftheminorchild.UltimatelyAcademicexploration1Reading&understanding

Reading1corporate evasion illegal initiativeinstitute provision representative ultimatelyprovisionevasionrepresentativeLanguagefocusTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Payattentiontothewordsinbold.Regulations

aremadeaftertakingintoconsiderationthewholepublicatlarge,andsotheymustbefollowedbythem.Violationofanyregulationmaycauseseverepunishment.法规是在考虑大众整体的基础上制定的，所以必须为全体大众所遵守。违反任何法规的行为都可能受到严厉惩罚。公司管理在总体上决定了公司文化如何影响员工和客户，以及一个公司如何处理伦理问题。Academicexploration1Reading&understandingManagementdefinestheframeworkforhoworganizationalcultureaffectsemployees,customersandhowanorganizationdealswithethicalissues.Reading1Whilewearemindlesslypostingourlivesonline,ourdataisshared,traded,andusedbytechcompanies,whichcreatesgrowingcontroversial

issuesconcerningtheethicsofdigitaldatacollection.LanguagefocusTranslationNowadays,multidimensionalpeacekeepingoperationsarecalledupontomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity.当下，需要多维度的维和行动来维持国际和平与安全。当我们毫不在意地将个人生活发布在网络上时，我们的个人数据为科技公司所共享、交易和使用，这在数据收集的伦理问题上引发了越来越多的争议。Academicexploration1Reading&understandingReading1LanguagepointsDifficultsentencesTherehavebeenmanyscandalsinvolvingcompaniespayingwhatisbelievedtobeanunfairamountoftax.(Para.5)01这句话采用了therebe句型。involvingsth.的动名词结构作定语，修饰manyscandals。Reading1Academicexploration1Reading&understandingLanguagepointsDifficultsentencesTherehavebeenmanyexamples,wherecorporateorganizationsearningbillionsofdollarshaveactuallypaidverylittletax.(Para.5)02这句话也采用了therebe句型。这句话中有一个where引导的定语从句，具体解释说明了主句中的manyexamples。本段中作者多次使用了therebe句型，这是学术英语写作中一个语体特征。Reading1Academicexploration1Reading&understandingLanguagepointsDifficultsentencesInmostcases,nonehavebrokenthelaw,yetmanydonotfeelthecompaniesarebehavingethically.(Para.5)03none作主语时，动词虽然多数时候用单数，但是也存在使用复数的情况，特别是在主语强调的是多个人或物的时候。yet此处作连词，表示转折。Reading1Academicexploration1Reading&understandingLanguagepointsDifficultsentencesIftheyhadpaidalltheirtaxes,moreservicescouldhavebeenprovidedforthewidersociety.(Para.6)04此句为假设过去情况的虚拟条件句（unrealconditionalsinthepast），谓语动词体现了虚拟语气，即if条件从句中的谓语动词使用了过去完成时haddone，主句谓语动词使用了couldhavebeen，用来对过去情况作假设，表示与过去事实相反的条件和结果。Reading1Academicexploration1Reading&understandingLanguagepointsDifficultsentencesThishascausedvariousgovernmentministriesaroundtheworldtodebatehowcompaniesaretaxedsothattaxavoidancebecomesharderandcompanieshavealegalobligationtopaymoretax.(Para.6)05此句中使用了causesb.todosth.的结构，意思是“导致某人做某事”。how引导的从句作动词debate的宾语，同时此从句中使用了sothat来引导目的状语从句，表示“以便，为了”。Reading1Academicexploration1Reading&understandingThinking&exploringTextstructureAnintroductiontothetopic:thedifferencebetweenlawandethicsPART1Para.1ThedefinitionoflawandethicsandthekeydifferencesbetweenthetwoPART2Paras.2-6Reading1Academicexploration1TextstructureAconclusion:lawandethicsaredifferent;thefinelinebetweenthetwocantranscendifnecessaryPART3Para.7InterpretingthetextInterpretingthetextAccordingtoParas.2-3,whatisthedifferencebetweenethicsandlaw?InPara.3,theauthorwritesthat“Asstatedbefore,bothethicsandlawjudgethedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.”Whatisstatedbefore,andwhereisit?Whatisthefunctionofthissentence?Sinceethicsisratheranindividualconcept,howisitformedforeachpersonaccordingtoPara.3?AccordingtoPara.4,whatarethedifferentoutcomesofbreakingapromiseandacontract?Howdoyouunderstand“Taxisultimatelyawayofredistributingmoneytomakesocietyfairer”inPara.5?AccordingtoParas.6-7,underwhatcircumstanceswillthelawofacountrybechanged?Usetheexamplementionedinthetexttoexplainitindetail.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringReading1InterpretingthetextInterpretingthetextAccordingtoParas.2-3,whatisthedifferencebetweenethicsandlaw?Akeydifferenceisthatethicsisnotwrittendownorlegallyenforced,whilethelawisasetofwrittenrulesandregulationscreatedbyalegalinstitute,andisrecognizedandmaintainedbypowerssuchasthepolice.Besides,lawsarethoughttobeacceptedbythewholesociety,andthus,theyareregional,national,oreveninternational.Ethicsontheotherhandisverymuchanindividualconceptwhichvariesfrompersontoperson.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringReading1InterpretingthetextInterpretingthetextInPara.3,theauthorwritesthat“Asstatedbefore,bothethicsandlawjudgethedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.”Whatisstatedbefore,andwhereisit?Whatisthefunctionofthissentence?InPara.1,theauthorstatesthat“Therearelegalandethicalinterpretationsthatarecommonlyusedinmanysocietiestodecidebetweenwhatisgoodandbad,”whichexpressestheideasimilartothissentence.ThefunctionofthissentenceinPara.3istolink(orconnect)thisparagraphwithPara.1.Besides,thissentencemakesanaturaltransitionfromPara.2,whichfocusesonlaw,toPara.3,whichexplainsethicsbycomparisonwithlaw.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringReading1InterpretingthetextInterpretingthetextSinceethicsisratheranindividualconcept,howisitformedforeachpersonaccordingtoPara.3?Ethicswillbeformedbythepeoplearoundyousuchasyourparents,teachersandfriends.Theirviewsofrightandwrongwillinfluenceyourdecisionaboutwhatisgoodandbad.Inaddition,yourunderstandingofrightandwrongwillbeinfluencedbysocialnorms,customs,culturaltraditions,etc.,whichmeansthatthewidersocietyalsohelpsyouformyourprinciplesofethics.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringReading1InterpretingthetextInterpretingthetextAccordingtoPara.4,whatarethedifferentoutcomesofbreakingapromiseandacontract?Ifyoubreakacontract,youwillprobablyfaceformalpunishment,becausethereisthecontractlawtoprotectsuchapromiseandbreakingacontractissomethingillegal.Ifyoubreakapromise,usuallyyouwillonlyfacemoraljudgmentratherthanlegalpunishment.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringReading1InterpretingthetextInterpretingthetextHowdoyouunderstand“Taxisultimatelyawayofredistributingmoneytomakesocietyfairer”inPara.5?Wealthierpeoplepaymoretaxeswhichwillbeusedtoprovidemorepublicservices,suchaspublicschooleducationandmedicalcare,whichwillbebeneficialtoeverymemberinsociety.Inthisway,thesocietyisbecomingfairer.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringReading1InterpretingthetextInterpretingthetextAccordingtoParas.6-7,underwhatcircumstanceswillthelawofacountrybechanged?Usetheexamplementionedinthetexttoexplainitindetail.Whenunethicalbehaviorissoextremethatitaffectsmanypeople,thelawofacountryshouldbechanged.Forexample,ifmanylargecompanieshavepaidlittleornotax,whichaffectsthewidersociety,itwillbecomenecessarytochangethelawinordertomaketaxavoidanceharder.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringReading1ThinkingcriticallyInPara.3,theauthorclaimsthat“Ethicsontheotherhandisverymuchanindividualconcept.”Doyouthinkso?Ifyes,howdifferentcantheinterpretationofethicsbefrompersontoperson?Ifno,why?AsfortheissueoftaxavoidancementionedinPara.5,theauthorwrites“[It]isconsideredunethicalbymanypeople.”Doyouconsidertaxavoidanceunethical?Whyorwhynot?Reading1Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringThinkaboutthefollowingquestions.Shareyouropinionswithapartner.ThinkingcriticallyInPara.3,theauthorclaimsthat“Ethicsontheotherhandisverymuchanindividualconcept.”Doyouthinkso?Ifyes,howdifferentcantheinterpretationofethicsbefrompersontoperson?Ifno,why?Reading1Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringIdon’tthinkethicsisverymuchanindividualconcept,becauseone’sethicsisstronglyinfluencedbythesocietyhe/shelivesin,wherecommonvalues,traditionsandculturearesharedbythepublic.Asaresult,wesharesomecommonethicalprinciplessuchashonesty,dedication,andfriendliness.ThinkingcriticallyAsfortheissueoftaxavoidancementionedinPara.5,theauthorwrites“[It]isconsideredunethicalbymanypeople.”Doyouconsidertaxavoidanceunethical?Whyorwhynot?Reading1Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringIthinktaxavoidanceisunethical,becausethetaxyoupaywillbeusedbythewidersocietytoprovidemorepublicservices.Governmentsusuallydecidethetaxratioaccordingtotheprofitsacompanygainortheincomepeopleearn.Therefore,everycompanyandpersonshouldberesponsibleenoughtopaytheirfairshareoftax.ThinkingcriticallyWorkinpairs.Thinkaboutyourownexperiencesanddiscussthefollowingquestions.Theauthorprovidestheexampleofbreakingapromisetoillustratethepointthatunethicalbehaviorisnotalwaysillegal.Doyouoftenbreakpromisesinyourdailylife?Ifyes,arethereanyconsequences?Ifno,whatmotivatesyoutokeepyourpromises?Besidestaxavoidancementionedinthetext,canyouthinkofanyotherexamplestoillustratetheunethicalbehaviorwhichwillaffectthewidersociety,butafterall,isnotillegal?Reading1Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringThinkingcriticallyTheauthorprovidestheexampleofbreakingapromisetoillustratethepointthatunethicalbehaviorisnotalwaysillegal.Doyouoftenbreakpromisesinyourdailylife?Ifyes,arethereanyconsequences?Ifno,whatmotivatesyoutokeepyourpromises?Reading1Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringYes,inmydailylife,Ibreakpromisesfromtimetotime.Forexample,Ipromisedtohelpmyfriendfetchhisparcelwhenhewasonaninternship,butactually,Iforgotitcompletely.Forthiskindofincident,therehavebeensomeconsequences–myfriendwasquiteangryandblamedmeforbeingirresponsible.ThinkingcriticallyBesidestaxavoidancementionedinthetext,canyouthinkofanyotherexamplestoillustratetheunethicalbehaviorwhichwillaffectthewidersociety,butafterall,isnotillegal?Reading1Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringIthinkspreadingfalseinformationormaliciousgossipontheInternetcouldbeanexample.Becauseoftheinformationtechnology,itbecomesrathereasytospreadfalseinformationormaliciousgossiponlineandaffectthewidersocietynegatively.Somepeoplemightbemisledbyfalseinformationorbetroubledbymaliciousgossip.However,onlywhenitresultsinseriousconsequences,willthiskindofbehaviorberegardedasillegal.Reading1ThinkingcriticallyInthedigitalage,themakingoflawseemstolagbehindtheemergenceofnewtechnologiesorfields.Whatifthereisnolegalframeworkatallinanemergingareaandaproblemcomesintobeingfirst?Forexample,artificialintelligence(AI)isprogressingrapidlyandholdsuniquepotentialtotransformtheworldforthebetter.Inthemeantime,itraisesnewlegalissues.IftheoperationofAIresultsindamage,whoshouldvictimsseekcompensationfrom?Thedeveloper,theuserorthetechnologyitself?Suchquestionsaregeneratingdisputesincreasingly,withnoclear-cutlegalanswersyet.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringHaveagroupdiscussionabouthowwecandiminishthenegativeimpactofthetimegapbetweenlaw-makingandtheemergenceofnewsituations.Thenwritedownthemainpointsofyourdiscussionandshareyourviewswiththeclass.Reading1ThinkingcriticallyAcademicexploration1Thinking&exploringPossiblediscussionpoints:Itisimpossibleforlegislationtobeinapositionaheadofanewfield.Therefore,thisiswhenethicsshouldcomeintoforce.Whenwefacesuchchallenges,weshouldputmoreemphasisonresearchethicswhichwillregulatethebehavioroftheresearchersandscientistsinthenewfield;weshouldnurtureanethicalenvironmentwhichencouragescompaniesandindividualstomakeethicaldecisions.However,voluntaryethicalbehaviorbyindividualsandcorporationscanneverensuresocialfairnessandjustice,especiallyinnewfieldswhichusuallyindicatehigherprofits.Asaresult,wealsoneedtheeffortsandwisdomoflegislatorstobridgethegapbetweenafast-changingsocietyandlaws,andatthesametime,keepthebalancebetweenprotectingcreativityandensuringsocialjustice.GettingtheskillScanningatextAcademicexploration1Thinking&exploringScanningisareadingskillwhichaimstofindoutspecificinformationbylookingthroughthetextquickly.Ithelpsyouincreasereadingspeedandaccordinglyreadmore.Thereareseveralstepstoapplythetechniqueofscanning:Understandwhatyouwanttofindout.Makeclearwhatspecificinformationyouwanttofindout,aname,anumber,adate,anidea,aconcept,etc.Understandthestructureofthetext.Recognizingthetextstructure,likechronologicalstructureorcategoricalstructure,canhelpyoulocatetheinformationwithinanarrowerareainthetext.Takeinasmuchinformationaspossible.Runyoureyesdownthepage,focusonthekeywordsyouarelookingfor,andkeeptrackofwhereyouare.Reading1GettingtheskillTask1Scanthetextforthefollowingtermsandwritedowntheirdefinitions.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringLaw

Definition:____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________EthicsDefinition:____________________________________________

____________________________________________TaxavoidanceDefinition:____________________________________________ ____________________________________________TaxevasionDefinition:____________________________________________

____________________________________________Reading1Lawisasetofwrittenrulesandregulations,usuallycreatedbyalegalinstituteortheirrepresentatives,suchasjudgesandthegovernment.(Para.2)Ethicsisanimaginedidealofwhattheperfectorbesthumanbeingcouldbe.(Para.3)Taxavoidancemeanstryingtopayaslittleaspossiblewithoutbreakingthelawsinacountry.(Para.5)Taxevasionmeansbreakingthelawsbytryingtopayaslittleaspossible.(Para.5)GettingtheskillTask2Scanthefollowingparagraphsandidentifythefourkeyfunctionsofemotionsindecision-making.T