Unit 2 Lesson 1 Language points 课件-2022-2023学年高中英语（北师大版2019必修第一册）

1.adogthatisdefeatedbyotherdogs

被其他狗打败的一只狗defeatvt.

towinavictoryoversomeoneinawar,competition,gameetc(在比赛、战争中)战胜，打败e.g.IthinkJackcandefeatalltheotherrunners.defeatn.[C,U]failuretowinorsucceed失败；战胜，击败e.g.abig/baddefeat

大败anarrowdefeat

惜败sufferadefeat遭遇失败admitdefeat

认输win,beat&defeatdefeat/beat宾语为对手时，两者可通用beat多用于竞争、比赛、辩论等defat的宾语通常是敌人win表示在竞争中取得胜利

不能接人，但可说winsb.over(把某人争取过来)宾语多是game,match,race,election,prize等【语境应用】用win或defeat的适当形式填空。1)ClassOne_______ClassFiveatthefootballmatchonFriday.2)Who_______yesterday,JennyorAlice?defeatedwon2.Duringallthosehoursofdoingjumpshotsonhisown,heusedBoguesashisinspiration.

在他自己练跳投的那段时间里，他把博格斯作为自己的激励者。inspirationn.

agoodideaaboutwhatyoushoulddo,write,sayetc,especiallyonewhichyougetsuddenly激励，鼓舞；灵感

aperson,experience,placeetcthatgivesyounewideasforsomethingyoudo

给人以灵感的人/物inspirev.

鼓舞；赋予灵感；使产生(情感)inspiresb.todosth.

鼓励某人做某事inspiredadj.

受……影响的inspiring

adj.

鼓舞人心的,激励人的【语境应用】翻译下面句子。1)他说过的话激励着我更加努力地工作。2)这位老师正在和他的学生谈话，希望能使他们有自信。3)他的妻子给予了他第一部小说的灵感。Whathesaidinspiredmetoworkharder.Theteacheristalkingwithhisstudents,hopingtoinspirethemwithself-confidence/self-confidenceinthem.Hiswifeinspiredhisfirstnovel.3.Paulhadtotryoutmanytimesjustformakingtheteam.

保罗为了入选球队，不得不多次争取。

tryoutforsth.:totrytobechosenasamemberofateam,forapartinaplayetc

争取成为；参加选拔

【拓展】与try相关的短语

tryout

试用，试验，测试

tryfor

立志要，争取，谋求

tryon

试穿(衣物)

tryone’sbest

尽力【语境应用】用try的相关短语完成句子。1)—Iheardtheyfailedagain.—Yeah,buttheyare_________anewmethod.

2)Severalpairsofshoeswere________,butnoneofthemweresatisfactory.3)He__________theOlympic100meterssquad.

他参加了奥运会百米赛跑的选拔。tryingouttriedontriedout

for4.EveryoneknewPaulhadrealskills,andwassomeonewhoworkedreallyhardandhadastrongdesiretoplayfortheteam.

大家都知道保罗有真本事，他真的非常卖力，而且有着为球队效力的强烈愿望。

【句式分析】Paulhadrealskills,andwassomeonewhoworkedreallyhard…是省略了that的宾语从句，作knew的宾语；and连接并列成分hadrealskills和wassomeone…。宾语从句中，whoworkedreallyhard…是who引导的定语从句，修饰someone。desiren.

astronghopeorwish渴望;欲望

vt.

towantsomethingverymuch渴望，期望e.g.Doyouthinkitispossibleforarobottohaveitsownneedsanddesires?Hisbossdesireshimtofinishthereportwithinthreedays.

【归纳】

n.

haveadesiretodo/forsth.有做某事的欲望

havenodesiretodosth.不想做某事

v.

desiretodosth.渴望做某事注意：desire后接从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。e.g.Themanagerdesiredthatyou(should)completetheworkinoneweek.【语境应用】完成句子。1)Samisayoungmanwhohas________________________________________(强烈的权力欲).2)Ihavelong________________________________(渴望见到他们).3)Idesirethatyou________________________(努力工作).astrongdesireforpowerdesiredtomeetthemshouldworkhard5.Suddenly,aplayerandIcrashedintoeachother.

突然，我和一个球员撞到了一起。

crashvi.&vt.

tohitsomethingorsomeoneextremelyhardwhilemoving,inawaythatcausesalotofdamageormakesalotofnoise猛撞

tohaveanaccidentinacar,planeetcbyviolentlyhittingsomethingelse（汽车、飞机）碰撞，撞击，撞毁

ifacomputercrashes,orifyoucrashthecomputer,itsuddenlystopsworking

计算机出故障，崩溃e.g.Amazingly,hesurvivedwhentheplanecrashedintothesea.Aballcamecrashingthroughthewindow.YesterdayIwassurfingtheInternetwhenthecomputercrashed.crashn.

anaccidentinwhichavehicleviolentlyhitssomethingelse汽车、飞机）碰撞，坠毁asuddenloudnoisemadebysomethingfalling,breakingetc哗啦声，碰撞声anoccasionwhenacomputerorcomputersystemsuddenlystopsworking计算机出故障，崩溃whenthevalueofacountry’sbusinessessuddenlyfallsbyalargeamount（商业）失败，凋敝e.g.Itistheworsttraincrashintwentyyears.Therewasaloudcrashfromthekitchenfiveminutesago.Manyimportantfileswerelostbecauseoffrequentcrashesofthecomputersystem.Withthecrashofthecompany,mostoftheworkerslosttheirjobs.【语境应用】写出下面句子中画线单词的词性及中文释义。1)Themanwasseriouslyinjuredinacarcrash.

________________________________2)Thethundercrashed.________________3)Thedatacanbelostifthesystemsuddenlycrashes.___________________________4)Thegreatfinancialcrashin1929ruinedinternationaltrade.______________________名词（汽车，飞机）碰撞，坠毁动词发出巨响动词计算机出故障，崩溃名词（商业）失败，凋敝6.Theteamgatheredaround,lookingworried.

队员们围拢过来，看上去都很担心。

gathervi.&vt.

tocometogetherandformagroup,ortomakepeopledothis聚集，集合togetthingsfromdifferentplacesandputthemtogetherinoneplace收集

【归纳】gatherround/around聚集，集合gathertogether聚集起来，合拢gatherin收割，收获gatherspeed/force加快速度/加大力量e.g.Wegatheredthechildrenaroundusandsangsongs.FootballfansgatheredaroundtheTVinthecornerofthebar.【拓展】gatheringn.

聚会；搜集gather与collectgather集合、聚会，指从各处聚集而来。collect有目的、有选择并系统性地收集，侧重于“精心地、有选择性地收集”。【语境应用】根据汉语意思完成句子。1)我收拾行李的时候Tony就在一旁等待。Tonywaitedwhen______________________.2)孩子们聚集在一间屋子里，等待着他们的礼物。Thekids________________________waitingfortheirgifts.3.你应该积蓄力量，为这个艰难形势做好准备。Youshould________________________toprepareyourselfforthisdifficultsituation.gatheryourstrengthIgatheredupmyluggagegatheredtogetherinaroom7.“Idon’tthinkIcanplayanymore,coach.”“我觉得我不能再打了，教练。”

not……anymore:notanylonger

不再……e.g.Thenthegovernmentbuiltanewrailwayline,sotheydidn’tneedthecamelsanymore.【拓展】nomore=not…anymorenolonger=not…anylonger表示数量和程度，一般常修饰短暂性动词，指某动作不再重复发生，它所表达的是neveragain或“没有更多”的含义。【语境应用】翻译句子/一句多译。1)我做了错事，但我确信以后再也不会了。Imadeamistake,butI’msureIwon’tdoitanymore.2)他不再是学生了。Heisnomoreastudent.=Heisnotastudentanymore.8.Isaidquietlyasthedoctorputanicepackonmyknee.

我平静地说，这时医生在我的膝盖上放了一个冰袋。

packn.somethingwrappedinpaperorpackedinaboxandthensentbypostortakensomewhere

包，包裹e.g.Theclimbercarriedsomefoodinapackonhisback.packvi.&vt.

toputthingsintocases,bagsetcreadyforatripsomewhere把……包起来e.g.

Yougoandpackyourthings.Mythingsareallpacked.packup将（东西）装箱打包，收拾行李e.g.Itwasonly5a.m.,butmymotherhadalreadypackedup.【语境应用】汉译英。1)所有这些书都要被装进箱子里。2)妈妈通常在鞋外面包层纸来保护它们。Allthesebooksneedtobepackedintoboxes.Motherusuallypackspaperroundtheshoestoprotectthem.3)士兵们不得不背着沉重的包裹穿过好几英里高低不平的路面。4)Mark已经辞掉工作周游世界去了。

Soldiershadtocarrytheirheavypacksformilesacrossroughground.Markhaspackedhisjobin,andgoneoffroundtheworld.9.“Iwon’tletyoudown!”Paulsaid.“我不会让你失望的！”保罗说。letsb.down:tofailtogivehelporsupportto(someonewhoneedsorexpectsit)

使失望，辜负（别人的信任或期望）

e.g.—Ifyoudon’tbringabirthdaypresenttoLucy,youmayletherdown.—Thankyouforremindingme.SurelyI’llbuyheronethisevening.letin让……进来letout允许……离开；发出（叫声）；结束，下课letgo放手，松开letsb.go释放某人，放走某人letalone更不用说，更谈不让（多用于否定句之后）let…alone不要管（惹、碰等）；不打扰，不惊动【语境应用】完成句子。1)ThewholeteamcountonMessi,andheseldom________________.

整个队都指望着梅西,他很少让他们失望。2)Herefusedtoadmithismistake,_______________apologizetousforit.

他拒绝承认错误,更不用说为此而向我们道歉了。3)Openthewindowand_____________somefreshair.打开窗户，让新鲜的空气进来。letthemdownletaloneletin10.Andclearly,alltheextrahoursthathe’dspentpractisingalonepaidoff.

很明显，他所付出的额外的单独训练都得到了回报。【句式分析】thathe’dspentpractisingalone为定语从句，修饰先行词extrahours。

spendtime(in)doingsth.花时间做某事e.g.Theexpertspentalotoftime(in)doingresearches.payoff:(ofariskypolicy,courseofaction,etc)bringgoodresults;besuccessful;work取得成功;奏效e.g.Myhardworkfinallypaidoffwhentheycalledmeforaninterview(面试).payoff:payinfull(moneyowedforsth.)

偿清，付清e.g.Thoughworkingveryhard,hecouldn’tmakeenoughmoneytopayoffhisdebts.payoff:paythewagesofsb.anddismisshimfromajob

付清工资后解雇（某人）e.g.Theaffairindicatesthatmoreemployeeswillbepaidoffbeforelong.注意：payoff“取得成功；奏效”，物作主语“偿清，付清”，人作主语【拓展】pay短语

payforsth.为某事吃苦头或受惩罚;花钱买某物

payback偿还;报复

payattentionto注意

payavisitto访问

payout(为某事)付出大笔款项paydown（分期或部分）支付；偿还payup付清全部欠款【语境应用】用pay的短语动词完成句子。Allherhardwork___________intheend—shepassedtheexam!2)Iwill___________thebookwhatevertheprice.3)HowcanI_____you_____forallyourkindness?4)I___________Mr.andMrs.Smithyesterdayafternoon.payfor

paidoffpaybackpaidavisitto11.Theotherteamjustcouldn’tkeepupwithhisenergyandspeed.

另一支队简直无法跟上他的力量和速度。keepupwith:tomanagetodoasmuchoraswellasotherpeople

跟上，保持同步e.g.Theycouldnotkeepupwithuswhenweclimbedthemountain.【拓展】keep短语

keepdown

限制；控制keepoff

挡住；（使）避开

keepon

继续（干）；坚持（干）keepup继续下去，保持keepawayfrom(doing)sth.阻止某人（做）某事keepout留在外面，不进入keepback阻止；抑制；隐瞒“v.+upwith”结构的短语comeupwith提出，想出（无被动语态和进行时态）catchupwith赶上，追上（前面的人）；

赶上（其他人的水平）endupwith以……结束putupwith容忍，忍受makeupwith与……和解/和好breakupwith