十四　必修 第三册　Unit 3　Diverse Cultures

十四必修第三册Unit3

DiverseCultures(30分钟30分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7小题;每小题2.5分,满分17.5分)A(2025·漳州模拟)Ilovelearningaboutcustomsandpracticesinothercountries.Forthispost,IaskedallofmyfriendsintheMulticulturalKidBloggergrouptogivemetheirfavoritebirthdaytraditions!CHINAThemostspecialofthebirthdaytraditionsinChinaisforbabies.Newparentsgiveredeggs(anevennumber)tofriendsandfamilyforgoodluck.Commonpresentsincludefood,silverware,andmoneywrappedinredpaper.Onbirthdays,itiscommontoeatlongevitynoodles(长寿面)withoutbreakingthemforgoodlucktolivealonglife.ISRAELSometimeschildreninIsraelwearacrown(王冠)madefromleavesorflowersfortheirbirthday.Thebirthdaychildsitsinachair,andgetspickedupandraisedandloweredthechaironetimeforeachyearofage,plusonemoreforgoodluck.Guestsatthebirthdaypartysinganddancearoundthechair.Atbirthdayparties,kidsoftenplaygames,suchasraceswithpotatoesonspoons.GHANAInGhana,oneofthemostcommonbirthdaytraditionsisthatkidsgettoeatotoforbreakfast:sweetpotatoesmixedwithonions,madeintopatties,andfriedwithhardboiledeggs.Laterintheday,Ghanaianssometimeshaveapartyforthechildwithstew,rice,andkelewele.Attheparty,girlsoftenliketoplayagamecalledampe.MEXICOMexicofamiliesloveparties,andcelebratebirthdaysengrande(盛大地).The15thbirthday,quinceañeraisthemostimportant,formal,andwell-prepared.MexicansalwayssingLas

Mañanitastowakeupthechildontheirbirthdays.Whenthebirthdaygirlorboyblowsouttheircandles,guestscallforthemtotakeabiteofthecake(“mordida-mordida!”)andalwayspushtheirfaceintothefrosting.AMexicanbirthdaypartyalwayshasapiñatafilledwithlittletoysandcandies.【语篇属性】语篇类型应用文主题语境人与社会(不同民族的生日习俗)语篇内容文章主要介绍了四个国家独特的生日传统习俗。语篇结构Para.1Forthispost,IaskedallofmyfriendsintheMulticulturalKidBloggergrouptogivemetheirfavoritebirthdaytraditions!Para.2CHINA:ThemostspecialofthebirthdaytraditionsinChinaisforbabies.Para.3ISRAEL:TraditionsaboutchildreninIsraelfortheirbirthday.Para.4GHANA:InGhana,oneofthemostcommonbirthdaytraditionsisthatkidsgettoeatotoforbreakfast.Para.5MEXICO:Mexicofamiliesloveparties,andcelebratebirthdaysengrande.1.WhatdoparentsbothinChinaandGhanadofortheirkids’birthdays?A.Offerthemaspecialfood.

B.Givethemmoneyinredpapers.C.Playauniquegamewiththem.

D.Makeaspecialclothingforthem.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据CHINA中“Onbirthdays,itiscommontoeatlongevitynoodleswithoutbreakingthemforgoodlucktolivealonglife.”和GHANA中“InGhana,oneofthemostcommonbirthdaytraditionsisthatkidsgettoeatotoforbreakfast:sweetpotatoesmixedwithonions,madeintopatties,andfriedwithhardboiledeggs.”可知,中国和加纳的父母都会在孩子的生日时为他们提供一种特殊的食物。故选A项。2.WhatdokidsinMexicogetfortheirbirthdays?A.Ablessingsong.

B.Abeautifulcrown.C.Redeggs. D.Awonderfulbreakfast.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据MEXICO中“MexicansalwayssingLas

Mañanitastowakeupthechildontheirbirthdays”可知,墨西哥的孩子们过生日时会收到一首祝福歌。故选A项。3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Anoticeboard. B.Atravelguidebook.C.Awebsite. D.Ageographymagazine.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段中“Forthispost,IaskedallofmyfriendsintheMulticulturalKidBloggergrouptogivemetheirfavoritebirthdaytraditions!”可知,作者的这篇文章是一个分享多个文化中生日传统的帖子。由此推知,文章应该来自网站。故选C项。【解锁阅读障碍】【熟词生义】postn.文章,帖子B(2025·泉州模拟)Dr.Marie-LuceChevalier,aBelgian/Frenchgeologist(地质学家),hasbeenworkingasasearchprofessorattheChineseAcademyofGeologicalSciencesinBeijingsince2010.Forthepast14years,shehasbeenstudyingactivefaults(断层)intheQinghai-TibetPlateauandhowtheymove.In2021,ChevalierwaspresentedwiththeChineseGovernmentFriendshipAwardinappreciationofhercontributionstothedevelopmentofChina’sdisasterassessmentsystemofearthquakeandthepromotionofcooperationandexchangesbetweenChinaandothercountries.Chevalier’schoiceofChinaasaresearchdestinationwasnotmadebychance.HerresearchhasprimarilyfocusedontheQinghai-TibetPlateau.Shehadalsocollaborated(合作)withChinesescientistsfromthebeginningofhermaster’sprogram.“WhentheyaskedifIwantedtojointheirteamaftermypost-doctorate,Igladlyacceptedandhavenoregrets.MyfourteenyearsinChinahaveprovidedmewithaconstantsourceoffreshpersonalandprofessionalexperiences,”shesaid,addingthathermother’sinterestinChineseculturecontributedtoherdecisiontoworkinthecountry.ChevalierwillcontinuetoresearchactivefaultsinandaroundXizangactivelyandcontributetoourunderstandingofhowpastclimatedevelopedtoworktowardspredictingfutureclimatechange,anothertopicnearanddeartoherheart.Shewillaccomplishthisbyconductingfieldresearch,sharingherfindingswithscientificcommunity,teachingstudentswhowillbecometomorrow’sscientists,andraisingawarenessamonglocalpopulationsabouttheriskstheymayfaceintheirlifetime.Chevalier’smotherwenttoXizangonce,realisingherlifelongdreams.Chevalierkeepsraisingherdaughterinthissafeandhighlyinternationalenvironment,Beijing.Whenpeopleaskherdaughterwheresheisfromatfouryearsold,sheproudlyanswers,“China!”ChevalierwantstolearnmoreabouttheChineselanguageandculture,continuetoenjoythehappinessoftheChinesepeople,andlookforwardtoseeingwhatChinaachievesnext!【语篇属性】语篇类型人物报道主题语境人与社会(跨文化沟通、包容与合作)语篇内容主要介绍了地质学家玛丽-卢斯·舍瓦利耶(Marie-LuceChevalier)在中国的工作与生活经历,特别是她在地震研究领域的贡献及其对中国文化的认同语篇结构Para.1AbriefintroductionofDr.Marie-LuceChevalierPara.2In2021,ChevalierwaspresentedwiththeChineseGovernmentFriendshipAwardinappreciationofhercontributionstothedevelopmentofChina’sdisasterassessmentsystemofearthquakeandthepromotionofcooperationandexchangesbetweenChinaandothercountries.语篇结构Para.3ThereasonsforChevalier’schoiceofChinaasaresearchdestination.Para.4ChevalierwantstolearnmoreabouttheChineselanguageandculture,continuetoenjoythehappinessoftheChinesepeople,andlookforwardtoseeingwhatChinaachievesnext!【命题意图】4.WhatachievementdidChevalierget?本题要求考生根据对文章信息的理解,找出主人公的贡献。本题旨在考查考生对第二段中具体信息的理解的能力5.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?本题是段落主旨要义题,要求考生根据对文章信息的理解,归纳总结出第三段的大意。旨在考查考生基于对文章的理解,提炼、归纳文章或段落中心意思的能力6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesChevalier?推理判断题。本题旨在考查考生根据原文中主人公的行为、成就、贡献等,概括一个人的特征、品质等的能力7.WhydoesChevaliermentionherdaughterinthetext?本题要求考生根据对文章信息的理解,推断Chevalier在文章中提到女儿的意图。本题考查考生对于文章写作技巧以及内容之间逻辑关系的推理能力4.WhatachievementdidChevalierget?A.SheestablishedtheChineseAcademyofGeologicalSciences.B.ShelaunchedtheresearchontheQinghai-TibetPlateau.C.ShewontheChineseGovernmentFriendshipAward.D.ShedevelopedearthquakepredictionsystemforChina.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据原文,舍瓦利耶教授在2021年获得了中国政府友谊奖,以表彰她对中国地震灾害评估系统的发展和促进中外合作交流的贡献。故选C项。5.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.WhenChevalierbeganhermaster’sprogram.B.WhatChevalierexperiencedinChina.C.HowChineseculturehasaffectedChevalier.D.WhyChevalierbasesherresearchinChina.【解析】选D。段落大意题。第三段主要解释了舍瓦利耶为何选择在中国进行研究,提到她与中国科学家的合作以及她母亲对中国文化的兴趣影响了她的决定。故选D项。6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesChevalier?A.Professionalandcommitted.B.Sympatheticandopenminded.C.Humbleandreserved.D.Innovativeandself-disciplined.【解析】选A。推理判断题。舍瓦利耶教授在中国进行了长达14年的研究,且没有遗憾,这表明她对工作充满热情和投入,因此A选项“专业且敬业”是最合适的形容。故选A项。7.WhydoesChevaliermentionherdaughterinthetext?A.TohighlightChina’ssecureenvironment.B.Toproveherclosefamilyconnections.C.ToemphasizeherbondwithChina.D.ToadvocateChineselearning.【解析】选C。推理判断题。文中提到舍瓦利耶的女儿自豪地称自己来自中国,这表明舍瓦利耶与中国的紧密联系。故选C项。【解锁阅读障碍】【熟词生义及低频词汇】1.熟词生义:faultn.断层;错误;责任,过错;缺点,故障;发球失误v.挑剔,指责;发球失误;产生断层;犯错误,做错事2.一词多义:contributetoherdecision:促成contributetoourunderstanding有助于3.launchv.发动,发起4.committedadj.尽心尽力的,忠诚的5.一词多义:humbleadj.谦虚的,谦卑的;(级别或地位)低下的,卑微的;简陋的,没有特别之处的v.使谦卑,使感到惭愧;(轻易)击败(强敌)【长难句分析】Shewillaccomplishthisbyconductingfieldresearch,sharingherfindingswithscientificcommunity,teachingstudentswhowillbecometomorrow’sscientists,andraisingawarenessamonglocalpopulationsabouttheriskstheymayfaceintheirlifetime.【分析】本句是一个主从复合句,主句是Shewillaccomplishthis。其中,句中conducting...sharing...teaching...andraising...是四个并列的现在分词短语作by的宾语;whowillbecometomorrow’sscientists是who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词students;theymayfaceintheirlifetime是省略that或which的定语从句,修饰先行词therisks。【翻译】她将通过开展实地研究、与科学界分享她的发现、教导未来将成为科学家的学生,以及提高当地居民对他们一生中可能面临的风险的认识来实现这一目标。Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)(2024·南京模拟)Onceayearinasmallmountainvillage,theMandepeoplegathertohearthefolkstoriesoftheirtraditions.ThemanplayinganinstrumentcalledSosso-Balawhilesingingisthestoryteller.HeholdsallthefolkknowledgeoftheMandepeople.Mostofusdon’thaveamusicalinstrumentthattiesustogether,butwehavesomeoneinourliveswho’sthekeeperofourfolkknowledge.Oftenit’sagrandmother,whokeepsallourstoriesofwisdomreadytotelluponrequest.

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What’sthebestwaytogetababytosleep?WheredoIcomefrom?What’smymoralcompass?Thestoriesprovideananswer,andit’susefultospeakwithsomeonewhoknowshowthingsaredone.

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Researchershavedocumentedfolkknowledgeinotherspecies:whalesreturningtopartsoftheseathatthey’dabandonedagenerationbefore;monkeysthatcommunicatehuntingskillstotheiroffspring.Folkknowledgeisnotonlyculture,it’salsosurvival.

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Traditionally,weshareitinsmallunits—familiessharingaroundadinnertable.

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Lookatanysocialmedia,andyou’llseefolkknowledgeatworkandatplay.It’sexplodedaswe’retrainedtolookforinformationonline,ratherthanfromwithin.Inthiscase,chancesarethatourquestionscanbeansweredwithmisinformation.

Butwedon’tgatheronceayeartorealitycheckour“folkstories”astheMandepeopledo;nordowecenterourfolktraditionsaroundamusicalinstrument.TheInternethasnorealityexceptitsownand,leftunchecked,itswisdomhasnorhythm(节奏).

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A.It’sjustchaos.B.Thisiswhywedoit.C.Humanwisdomhasbeenpasseddownthroughgenerations.D.Thestoriescanbeusefulfordealingwithallsortsofdoubts.E.Nowadays,folkknowledgehasexpandedtodigitalnetworks.F.NowtheInternethasmadevaluablefolkwisdomatyourfingertips.G.Recently,wediscoveredthatthisveryhumanpracticeisn’tlimitedtohumans.【语篇属性】语篇类型夹叙夹议文主题语境人与社会(社会进步与人类文明)语篇内容文章通过曼德人的事例,谈论了文化知识的传承。语篇结构Para.1ThemanplayinganinstrumentcalledSosso-Balawhilesingingisthestoryteller.HeholdsallthefolkknowledgeoftheMandepeople.Para.2Thestoriesprovideananswer,andit’susefultospeakwithsomeonewhoknowshowthingsaredone.语篇结构Para.3Recently,wediscoveredthatthisvery