衔接点23 完形填空三大设题焦点揭秘（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义）（原题版）

衔接点23完形填空三大设题焦点揭秘初中视角高中展望初中完形填空文章多以记叙文为主,话题贴近学生生活,涵盖了校园生活、家庭生活、人际交往、自我完善、人生态度、人物经历、励志故事和人生感悟等。挖空点主要有10个空，部分地区15个空。高中英语完形填空，语篇较长，说明文或夹叙夹议居多，挖空点15个。备选项以实词为主；命题主要思路：语义优先于语法原则；上下文语境分析原则。衔接引导初中阶段考查形式：备选项侧重以实词为主，主要以名词、动词、形容词为多、少量涉及副词、连词、介词短语及动词短语辨析。高中阶段考查形式：备选项以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。【初中考点聚焦】【题型解读】初中完形填空一般以记叙文或夹叙夹议文为主，主题语境包括人与自我，人与社会，人与自然。侧重考查在具体语境中运用词汇知识的能力，降低了对单词本身用法的考查，少量数词生义和一词多义的考查。选材内容源于真实生活，以人物思想和行为为中心，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养等正能量；以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述；时态上多以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。【解题策略】上下文推理题：从整体角度考虑，结合上下文语境才能判断出最佳答案。逻辑推理题：注意对文章内容进行逻辑分析、推理判断。理解上下文的内在关联和连贯意义。词汇复现题：有些答案是会在上下文中重复出现的，关注语境，读懂题意，选出答案。生活常识题：注意文化背景和生活常识，利用上下文线索,分析句子的关系。语境推断题：注意对文章发生的背景，所处环境进行分析，进而理解语境，利用上下文线索，找到关键提示词或句子，选出答案。固定搭配题：注意英语中的固定搭配、习惯用语及短语的运用。【典例诠释】（体裁：记叙文）阅读下面短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Twelveyearsago,doctorstoldCaiLuhewouldneverwalkagain.Now,the34-year-oldhas1themwrong—notonlybywalking,butalsobyrunningaprosthetics(假肢)company.Cai’slifejourneychangedbecauseofaterrible2in2014.Hisrightlegwascutoffatonce,andhisleftlegwasbroken.Hefellintoa35-daycoma(昏迷).Forthreeyears,doctorstriedhardto3hisleftleg,buteachsmallimprovementwasfollowedbyanother4operation.Inlate2017,Caimadeanunbelievablechoice:heaskeddoctorstoremovehisleftleg.“Itwasn’t5,”hesaid.“Ijustcouldn’tkeeplyingtomyself.”Thedecisionbroughthim“completefreedom”.In2018,Caistartedusingprostheticsandrelearnedtowalk.Hetrieddifferentjobs,yetallendedin6.Takinghismother’sadvicetoslowdown,heattendedtrainingprogramsandwonanationalchampionshipinteaartin2023.That7gavehimtheconfidencetofoundaprostheticscompanythesameyear.Hecaredmoreaboutthedisadvantagedgroupsandabout40percentofhisworkersare8.Asaprostheticuserhimself,heunderstoodusers’painpoints.Hisproductsarequitepopularandsomeofhis9includemanyfamousstarslikeJiangYuyan,whowonsevengoldmedalsattheParis2024SummerParalympicGames(残奥会).Caihasalsofollowedhisathleticdream,joiningChina’sfirstdisabledgolfteamin2025.Whatinterestshimmostistotravelasa(an)10speaker,whooftenshareshisbelief:“Keepbeingbrave.”1．A．judged B．proved C．realized D．believed2．A．accident B．birth C．meeting D．business3．A．find B．train C．change D．save4．A．careful B．successful C．painful D．helpful5．A．speedingup B．givingup C．standingup D．makingup6．A．silence B．danger C．doubt D．failure7．A．achievement B．suggestion C．treatment D．satisfaction8．A．strong B．experienced C．disabled D．healthy9．A．drivers B．visitors C．guests D．customers10．A．shocking B．encouraging C．interesting D．relaxing【高中考点聚焦】课标解读高中英语完形填空，语篇较长，记叙文为主，说明文或议论文为辅，挖空点15个。不仅考查学生对词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。历年完形填空选材科学，结构清晰，主题明显，但文章阅读难易度指数(Readability)一般较大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型之一。备选项以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。命题主要思路：语义优先于语法原则；上下文语境分析原则。考点清单【从命题角度剖析完形填空考点设置】完形填空命题分为句内层次、句组层次、语篇层次三级考点，难度逐级上升，线索查找范围由单句内部→前后相邻意群→全文整体脉络，下面结合各地高一英语试题，每个考点选取3道典型例题，附原句翻译、考点匹配说明、完整解题逻辑解析。考点一：[句内层次题]完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。命题逻辑线索全部集中在同一个句子内部，依靠句内修饰、并列、转折、因果、固定搭配、主谓/动宾对应、介词短语限定等逻辑锁定答案，无需跳出本句寻找信息。例题1（素材湖北高一月考第1空）原题句子Whiletheteacherwas1hisbusiness,Bellawasinvitedtowaitforhimintheartroom.A．concernedaboutB．disappointedatC．ashamedofD．occupiedwith句子翻译当老师忙于处理自己的事务时，贝拉被安排到美术室等候他。考点匹配：句内层次题线索完全在本句后半句Bellawasinvitedtowaitforhim（贝拉要等老师），句内逻辑直接推出：老师没空，正在忙工作。详细解析句内因果逻辑：后半句“贝拉等候老师”是结果，前半句空格为原因，说明老师无暇陪同；短语辨析：beoccupiedwith忙于……，贴合句内“老师有事、学生等候”的对应关系；concernedabout担忧、disappointedat失望、ashamedof羞愧，在本句内部找不到任何情绪类线索支撑；线索仅存在本句，不用看前后段落，属于典型句内层次题。例题2（素材福建厦门开学考第19空）原题句子Tryingtogettheperfectshot,hekeptchangingthe19ofthecamera.A．angelB．eagleC．angleD．edge句子翻译为拍出完美的照片，他不停地调整相机的拍摄角度。考点匹配：句内层次题线索为本句开头目的状语Tryingtogettheperfectshot（拍出完美照片），句内动宾搭配直接锁定答案。详细解析句内目的与动作对应：想要拍好照片，对应的动作是调整相机拍摄角度；单词词义区分：angel天使、eagle鹰、edge边缘均和拍照无关；angle表示“角度”，theangleofthecamera相机角度，是本句内部固定搭配；无需参考下一句内容，仅凭单句信息即可作答，属于句内层次。例题3（素材山西吕梁高一阶段练习第37空）原题句子Skincancerdoeshavecuresanditis37inmostcases.A．preventableB．complexC．deadlyD．treatable句子翻译皮肤癌确实有对应的治疗方案，大多数情况下是可以医治的。考点匹配：句内层次题句内并列连词and连接前后两个分句，前半句doeshavecures（有治愈方法）是直接线索，同句内并列逻辑推答案。详细解析句内并列逻辑：and表顺承，前后语义一致；前半句“有治愈手段”，后半句对应“可治疗的”；词义排除：preventable可预防的（原文未提预防）、complex复杂的、deadly致命的，均和前半句“有疗法”语义冲突；treatable可治疗的，与havecures句内同义呼应；线索局限在本句，无需跨句查找，属于句内层次题。考点二：[句组层次题]比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。命题逻辑单一句子信息不足以推出答案，解题线索分布在空格前后紧邻的几句（同一意群、相邻两句），需要整合前后短句信息综合判断，线索范围为空格前后1-2句话，不涉及全文主旨。例题1（素材安徽马鞍山开学考第6、7空，选取第7空）原文句组（相邻两句）IdroppedKristilina6communityforabirthdaypartysurroundedbyallthenicethingsthatwecouldn’t7.Idrovehomefeelingsad.7．A．rememberB．affordC．findD．appreciate句子翻译我把克里斯蒂尔送到一个富裕社区参加生日派对，那里摆满了我们负担不起的精美物品。我开车回家，满心难过。考点匹配：句组层次题仅看空格所在句无法确定，需要结合前一句wealthycommunity富裕社区、后一句feelingsad难过两组相邻句子信息综合判断。详细解析单句局限：只看“allthenicethings”精美物品，四个选项语法都通顺，无法区分；整合前后句组线索：①前一句线索：社区wealthy富裕，暗示“我”家境普通；②后一句线索：回家后心情sad难过，侧面说明那些好物不属于自己；词义匹配：afford表示“负担得起”，couldn’tafford买不起，同时契合“富裕社区+内心难过”两句信息；其余单词无法同时满足前后两句逻辑；线索集中在相邻两句构成的意群，属于句组层次题。例题2（素材湖北高一期中第6空）原文句组（前后紧邻三句）Suddenlyayoungmanentered,talkingloudlytohimself.HethrewaquicklookatBellaandheadedforthepiano...Bellaassumedhewasapatientbecauseshefoundclearsignsof6inhisvoiceandthewavingofhisarms.6．A．madnessB．happinessC．sadnessD．calmness句子翻译突然一个年轻人走进来，大声自言自语。他瞥了贝拉一眼，走向钢琴……贝拉认定他是病人，因为她从他的语气和挥舞的手臂中看到明显的疯狂迹象。考点匹配：句组层次题空格线索不在单句内，需要整合前两句“大声自言自语、挥舞手臂”的行为描述，才能推出贝拉的判断。详细解析单句局限：只看本句“signsinhisvoiceandwavingarms”，无法判断情绪；整合前两句意群线索：年轻人独自大声说话、手不停挥舞，在贝拉（准精神病医生）视角里是反常、失控的表现；词义筛选：madness疯狂符合一系列反常动作；happiness开心、sadness悲伤、calmness冷静均无法匹配前文自言自语、挥舞手臂的行为；线索存在于空格前相邻两句，属于句组层次题。例题3（素材河南焦作开学考第47空）原文句组Hegraduallynotedthekidsweregluedtotabletsandcellphoneswhentheycametothebarbershop.Itwas47tocuttheirhairwhentheywerefocusedonthose.47．A．safeB．hardC．possibleD．pleasant句子翻译他渐渐发现孩子们来理发时总盯着平板和手机。当他们注意力全放在电子产品上时，很难给他们剪头发。考点匹配：句组层次题空格所在句信息不足，必须依靠前一句gluedtotabletsandcellphones紧盯电子产品的描述推理。详细解析单句局限：单独看“tocuttheirhair”剪头发，四个形容词语法都成立，无判断依据；前句线索支撑：孩子全程沉迷电子设备，乱动、不配合，自然让理发这件事变得困难；逻辑匹配：hard困难的；safe安全的、possible可能的、pleasant愉快的均和“孩子沉迷手机”的前置信息矛盾；解题需要结合紧邻前一句完整意群，属于句组层次题。考点三：【语篇层次题】语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有2～3道此类题。不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。具体来说，可以利用以下3种方法解答此类题目。命题逻辑单句、相邻句组均无完整线索，必须通读全文，依托文章主旨、人物完整心理变化、全文首尾呼应、故事整体反转/中心道理才能作答，需要跨越段落、整合全文信息，一篇完形仅2-3道，建议通读完整篇再回头做。例题1（素材湖北高一期中最后一空15）原文结尾句+全文主旨Hasty(草率的)conclusionstoooftenturnouttobe15andputoneinafoolishposition.Avoidthem.15．A．falseB．obviousC．similarD．fruitless句子翻译草率得出的结论往往都是错误的，还会让人陷入尴尬可笑的境地。切勿妄下定论。考点匹配：语篇层次题线索不在单句、相邻段落，需要整合全文完整故事反转情节才能得出答案。详细解析局部信息局限：只看本句或最后一段，无法确定草率结论的属性；全文整体脉络梳理（跨段落提取信息）：①前半段：贝拉仅凭年轻人自言自语、乱弹钢琴，主观判定对方是精神病患者；②中段反转：发现对方佩戴调音耳机，身份是钢琴调音师，贝拉判断完全出错；③后半段二次反转：调音师又误以为独自待着的贝拉是无人看管的病人；④全文核心故事：两人都仅凭片面表象草率下判断，结果全部判断失误；主旨匹配：全文通过双重误会，揭示“仓促结论是错误的”这一道理；false错误的贴合全文故事；obvious明显的、similar相似的、fruitless徒劳的均无法概括全文两段误会的核心；必须通读完整篇、把握全文叙事反转与中心思想才能解题，属于典型语篇层次题。例题2（素材福建厦门开学考最后一空30）原文结尾句+全文中心Sojustremember,wecan’tthrowawaythe30becauseofitscore.30．A．bananaB．objectC．itemD．apple句子翻译所以请记住，我们不能因为果核就扔掉整个苹果（不能因噎废食）。考点匹配：语篇层次题仅看本句只能看到core（果核），但无法锁定水果；需要结合全文父亲的观点、完整故事主旨才能确定。详细解析局部局限：单句只有core一词，四个名词都能搭配，无区分度；全文整体语篇线索（跨段落整合）：①故事主线：作者在巴黎被假扮拍照的当地人强行收费，心生愤怒；②父亲全程观点：不能因为一次糟糕的经历，就否定所有人的善意；后文又提到途中遇到大量热心本地人提供帮助；③文末比喻逻辑：父亲用谚语类比这件事，apple苹果才有果核core，对应“不因一点瑕疵否定全部善意”的全文中心；词义排除：banana香蕉无核；object物品、item物件过于宽泛，不符合谚语固定喻体；只有apple贴合全文比喻式主旨；需要梳理故事完整情节+作者最终感悟，属于语篇层次题。例题3（素材山东泰安阶段练习第20空）原文尾句+全文完整人物线I’mnowfiftyyearsold,andlive20.WhenIwatchedthevariousawardsIreceivedonthewallsinmyoffice,acontentedsmileappearedonmyface.20．A．poorlyB．cautiouslyC．bitterlyD．happily句子翻译如今我已经五十岁，过得十分幸福。看着办公室墙上挂满我斩获的各类奖项，我脸上露出满足的笑容。考点匹配：语篇层次题仅凭尾段两句只能看出“有奖项、微笑”，完整逻辑需要串联全文人物成长脉络（跨段落信息）。详细解析局部局限：只看尾段，只能知道作者获奖，但无法深刻判断生活状态；全文完整人物脉络（整篇语篇线索）：①开篇：19岁被迫遵从父母意愿学习化学，课堂枯燥，内心毫无兴趣；②中段：教授点醒他追随热爱，自我反思发现自己热爱钢琴，转学音乐；③结尾：多年后收获无数音乐奖项，内心满足；全文主旨：追随内心热爱，最终收获圆满人生；happily幸福地完美呼应全文人物前后境遇对比；poorly穷困地、cautiously谨慎地、bitterly痛苦地和全文结局完全相悖；解题必须串联文章从头到尾的人物经历与心理变化，依托整篇语篇立意作答，属于语篇层次题。一、完形填空（记叙文）YearsagowhenIwasinmylateteens,somefriendsandIwentonatriptoKillington,Vermont.1,Icamefromthecitywheretraffic,buildings,andafastpaceoflifewereallI2.IhadneverbeentoVermontbeforeandIrememberedbeingexcitedthatIwasgoingtoexperiencesomething3.Bythetimewe4,itwasn’tuntilsometimeafterdinner.Wewereexpectingthe5beatleastthreetofourhoursuntilwegotthere.Aswegotclosertoourdestination,itstartedto6.Ifeltvery7aswedroveupanddownthehillsinnearlystormyconditions,andIdidn’t8mysurroundingsbecauseitwassodarkandsnowy.WhenwefinallyarrivedatthehotelitwaslateandIwasthankfulwehad9ittheresafely.ThenextmorningwhenI10,thesunwasshiningthroughthecurtains(窗帘)—afterdrivinginsuch11thenightbeforeitwasnowallsunshine.WhenIopenedthecurtain,Iwasshocked.Ihadnever12toseesuchabeautifulmountainrightinfrontofme.AllweekendIadmiredthemountainsandwildlifesurroundingme.Andthat’swhenIbecame13bythebeautyofnature.Yearslater,Iamenjoyingnatureevenmore.Iadmireandappreciateitinawhole14way.NowI’mfindingscarythingslikeinsects15insteadofbeingafraidofthem.1．A．Beforelong B．Atthattime C．Asusual D．Inthatcase2．A．explored B．provided C．focused D．knew3．A．different B．unpleasant C．similar D．positive4．A．left B．arrived C．returned D．reached5．A．walk B．rest C．spot D．drive6．A．rain B．cloud C．snow D．fog7．A．anxious B．excited C．confused D．curious8．A．raise B．compare C．notice D．remember9．A．finished B．made C．challenged D．improved10．A．gotout B．cheeredup C．headedfor D．wokeup11．A．confidence B．darkness C．detail D．advance12．A．prepared B．accepted C．expected D．ordered13．A．concerned B．alarmed C．annoyed D．attracted14．A．strange B．new C．responsible D．normal15．A．advanced B．awkward C．amazing D．dangerous二、完形填空（说明文）HowtoImproveReadingSkillsSetAsideTimeEachDayMostofuscanfind15minutesorhalfanhoureachdayforsome16regularactivity.Forexample,onefamoussurgeonalways17itaruletospendatleast15minutesongeneralreadingbeforesleepingeachday.18hewenttobedat10p.m.or2:30a.m.19nodifference.CheckYourProgressThroughPacingNearlyall“speedyreading”courseshavea“pacing”element—sometiming20whichletsyouknowhowmanywordsaminuteyouarereading.Youcandothis21bylookingatyourwatchevery5or10minutesandnotingdownthepagenumberyouhave22.CheckYourUnderstandingObviouslythereislittle23inincreasingyourreadingspeedifyoudonotunderstandwhatyouarereading.Ifyoufindyouhavelostthe24ofthestory,rereadthesection.LightningSpeedExerciseTakefourorfivepagesofaninterestingbookandreadthemasfastasyou25can.Donot26aboutwhetheryouunderstandornot.Aftera“lightningspeed”ofreading,you’llfindyour“normal”speedhas27.PayAttentiontotheOrganizationofanArticleMostparagraphsinanarticlehavea(n)“28sentence”whichexpressesthecentralideas.Theopeningparagraphoftensuggeststhegeneraldirectionandcontentofthepiece,whileparagraphsthatfollow29orsupportthefirst.The30paragraphoftensummarizestheveryessenceofwhathasbeensaid.16．A．strange B．athletic C．classic D．specific17．A．finds B．takes C．makes D．thinks18．A．When B．Whether C．What D．Where19．A．made B．counted C．took D．put20．A．advice B．device C．concise D．diverse21．A．only B．wholly C．seriously D．simply22．A．achieved B．reached C．memorized D．reviewed23．A．point B．reason C．purpose D．rule24．A．line B．detail C．spirit D．thread25．A．probably B．possibly C．likely D．obviously26．A．confuse B．disappoint C．reflect D．worry27．A．increased B．decreased C．dropped D．stayed28．A．typical B．developing C．topic D．ironic29．A．extend B．expand C．explain D．exhibit30．A．first B．related C．best D．closing一、基础练习题YuHongisfromasmallvillageinGuangxiProvince.Sheisthebestwomen’ssoccerplayerinheruniversity.Whenshewaslittle,shewasverygoodat1.Shelovedtocompeteagainstboyswhowerefastand2.Thismadeherabetterplayer.WhenYuHongwas9yearsold,shestartedplaying3.HerPEteacherthoughtshewasso4thatheintroducedhertotheschoolsoccerteam.Ayearlater,shewasmadethe5oftheteambecausesheplayedthebest.Shestartedtopushherselfmoreand6asmuchaspossible.YuHongdidn’t7anysoccermatchandwenttothesportsfieldeveryday.Althoughshewas8,sheworkedhardforwhatshereallywanted.YuHong9thatpracticemakesperfect.Soshekeptdoingthesamemove10shegotitright.YuHongwasthe“BestPlayerofSchool”forthreeyears11heramazingskills.Attheageof18,YuHongcompetedinherlastseasonbeforegraduation.Shetrainedeven12,andtheirteamwonmanymatches.Atlast,theirteamplayedagainstRedStarTeam.YuHong’steamwasnotplayingverywellatthestart,buttheydidn’t13.Theyworkedwellasateamandkeptfightingtillthelastminute.Finally,YuHongledherteamto14thegame.NowYuHongvolunteerstoteach

15girlssoccerinhervillageeverysummerholiday.Shewantsthemtolovesports.Sheoftensays,“Everythingispossible.Justgoforit!”ThankstoYuHong,moreandmoreyounggirlsfallinlovewithsoccerandsports.1．A．sports B．poems C．speech D．housework2．A．pretty B．funny C．strong D．lucky3．A．soccer B．tennis C．volleyball D．basketball4．A．good B．busy C．quiet D．outgoing5．A．cook B．nurse C．cleaner D．leader6．A．ate B．slept C．walked D．practiced7．A．like B．miss C．finish D．remember8．A．shy B．angry C．moved D．tired9．A．hated B．believed C．forgot D．answered10．A．if B．but C．until D．since11．A．becauseof B．insteadof C．inneedof D．incontrolof12．A．less B．harder C．worse D．higher13．A．standup B．wakeup C．giveup D．stayup14．A．watch B．start C．win D．report15．A．young B．old C．middle D．slim二、培优练习题WhenIwasinthirdgrade,myfamilyandItookonanunforgettabletripacrossthecountry.Itturnedouttobemorethanjusta/an16journey;itwasajourneyofdiscoveryintoour17.Everyday,Dad18uswithhistrustyroadmap.Mom,theheartofourfam