衔接点21 语法填空两大考向透视之有提示词（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义）（原题版）

衔接点21语法填空考向透视之有提示词初中视角高中展望初中阶段，语篇篇幅较短（通常100-150词），聚焦基础语法点，如：时态（一般现在时、过去时、将来时）、被动语态（过去时、将来时、完成时）、常见介词及搭配（in/on/at）、连词（and/but/or）、代词（人称代词、物主代词）等。以及一些简单词性转换。高中阶段，语篇篇幅较长（150-250词），题材更广泛（科技、文化、社会现象），逻辑关系复杂。要求学生理解语法点在语境中的灵活运用，而非单纯记忆规则。重点考查时态语态、非谓语动词、三大从句、词性转换（形容词变副词、动词变名词等）衔接引导初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、简短语篇形式考查语法知识。高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。【初中考点聚焦】初中：以基础为主，考点多为“显性语法规则”（如基础时态语态、固定搭配、简单词形转化）。阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。Lastspring,ourschoolorganizedatree-plantingactivity.AtfirstIthoughtitwouldbeboring1Iimaginedjustdiggingholesinthehotsun.However,itwas2(complete)different.Onthefirstday,ourteacher3(divide)usintogroups.Eachgroupgotayoungtreeandsometools.“Teamworkis4keytosuccess,”saidMr.Wang.MyfriendLilyandIvolunteered5(carry)waterandwethoughtitwaseasy.Butthebuckets(水桶)were6(heavy)thanwehadexpectedandwepouredhalfthewateronthewayback.Bythe7(two)day,ourgrouplearnedtosharetasksbetter.Tomdugholesquickly.Lucycarefullyplacedthetreesandothersaddedsoil.Inoticedsomethingamazing-birdsstartedsingingaround8(we),asifcheeringforourwork.Wewereallveryexcited.Butthechallengescame.Onthethirdday,dark9(cloud)came.“Wemustfinishplantingthelasttentreesbeforetherainarrived!”shoutedMr.Wang.Everyoneworkedfaster.Suddenly,Lilyfelldownandhurtherknee.Butshesmiledandsaid,“Don’tworry!I’lltieribbons(丝带)inthetreestomarkourprogress.”Hercouragemadeusfeelenergeticagain.Nowtheemptyfieldisfullofgreenleaves.EverytimeIseethosetrees,asenseofpridefilledmyheart.Irealizedthatevensmallactions,10plantingatree,couldchangetheworld.【高中考点聚焦】课标解读高中语法填空主要考查有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。题型分两种情形：一种为已给单词提示；一种为不给单词提示。有提示词(4~5个)和无提示词(5~6个)两种。有提示词的考向主要有:谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别、词形词性转化等；无提示词的考向主要有;介词、冠词、连接词、代词等;且每空只能填一个单词。考点清单考点一、语法填空之有提示词要点1：动词时态语态若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看,后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况)现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask/asksaskedshall/willaskshould/wouldask进行am/is/areaskingwas/wereaskingshall/willbeaskingshould/wouldbeasking完成have/hasaskedhadaskedshall/willhaveaskedshould/wouldhaveasked完成进行have/hasbeenaskinghadbeenaskingshall/willhavebeenaskingshould/wouldhavebeenasking形式时间一般式进行式完成式现在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendone过去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone将来shall/willbedoneshall/willhavebeendone小试牛刀：1．Nowadaysthetempleaswellasitssurroundinggardens(belong)toalocalfamily.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．They(chat)happilywhenanunexpectedvisitorarrived.(所给词的适当形式填空)3．It’sreportedthatthecity(build)anewsubwaylinenextyear.(所给词的适当形式填空)4．Listen!Theimportantnewsaboutthepolicychange(broadcast)onallmajorTVchannelsnow.(所给词的适当形式填空)5．Itisthefirsttimethattheexperiment(do)inthelab.(所给词的适当形式填空)6．Theypromisedthatthey(send)methereportassoonaspossible.(所给词的适当形式填空)7．Itisthesecondtimethatwe(observe)thisfestivaltogether.(所给词的适当形式填空)8．Lastmonth,theshopassistant(charge)withcheatingcustomersmanytimes.(所给词的适当形式填空)9．Sofar,ourcountry(make)greatachievementsinmanyfields.(所给词的适当形式填空)要点2：非谓语动词若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。不定式todo表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语；动名词doing表习惯性动作，常考作主语、宾语；现在分词doing表主动、进行，常考作表语、定语、状语；过去分词done表被动、完成，常考作表语、定语、状语。不定式用法一般式todo/被动tobedone进行式tobedoing完成式完成进行式tohavebeendoing动名词用法主动语态被动语态一般式writing完成式havingwritten分词用法现在分词主动语态现在分词被动语态一般式writingbeingwritten完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten小试牛刀：1．Myplanis(invite)myfriendsoverattheweekendtoshowthemmynew-foundskills.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．Theholidayprovidesusagoodopportunity(relax)ourselvesandspendtimewithfamily.(所给词的适当形式填空)3．Istronglyrecommend(take)abreakafterlonghoursofstudy.(所给词的适当形式填空)4．(expose)tostrongsunlightdoesharmtoone’sskin.(所给词的适当形式填空)5．TheyweregoingtofindsomeonetotakepartintheirbetwhentheysawHenry(walk)onthestreetoutside.(所给词的适当形式填空)6．(equip)withstrongcommunicationskillsisessentialforasuccessfulcareerinsales.(所给词的适当形式填空)7．Mycolleagueadmitted(complain)agreatdealaboutincome.(所给词的适当形式填空)8．Hegotseriously(injure)andhadtoquitthefootballmatch.(所给词的适当形式填空)9．Thelittleboyvisitedthesciencemuseumwithgreatexcitement,(accompany)byhisparents.(所给词的适当形式填空)10．Dogshaveawiderhearingrangethanhumans,(enable)themtonoticesoundsthathumanscannothear.(所给词的适当形式填空)要点3：考查其原级比较级最高级。括号中给出形容词或副词，注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，加theleast的。小试牛刀：1．Machinelearningisnowcapableoffar,far(complex)tasks.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．Franklyspeaking,MrWhite’slectureis(wonderful)oneIhaveeverattended.(所给词的适当形式填空)3．Thecontestrequiresthechosenlaugherstofaceoffagainsteachotherastheaudiencedetermineswhohas(attractive)laugh.(所给词的适当形式填空)4．Thewholefamilycouldnotbe(happy)tobetogether.(所给词的适当形式填空)5．Themoreexposedyoungpeoplearetofinancialissues,the(likely)theyaretobecomeresponsible.要点4：构词法知识及名词、动词、形容词与副词词形词性转化小试牛刀：1．Hehasonlybeenplayingfootballasa(profession)fortwoyears.（所给词的适当形式填空）2．Thefirstbubblestoescapefromtheliquidarea

(mix)ofairandhydrogen.(所给词的适当形式填空）3．Itis(legal)toemploysomeoneundertheageofsixteen.（所给单词适当形式填空）4．Manystars,whichareoutofthesolarsystem,are(visible)withoutatelescope.(所给词的适当形式填空)5．Everyyearourschool(award)scholarshipstotheexcellentstudents.(所给词的适当形式填空)一、单句语法填空（有提示词）1．Personallyspeaking,I’vealways(prefer)artsubjectstosciencesubjects.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．She(whisper)toherdesk-matequietlyinclasswhentheteachersuddenlyturnedaroundandlookedstraightatthem.(所给词的适当形式填空)3．Sofar,we(spot)manyproblemsthattheoldpeoplefaceintheirdailylives.(所给词的适当形式填空)4．Iftheylendusthemoneyweneed,allourproblems(solve)soon.5．YoungClub(found)twoyearsagotoprovidetrainingforstudentsandunemployedyoungadultsaged18to21.6．AhugeChristmastree(decorate)withminicarsbeforewegottothehall.(所给词的适当形式填空)7．Rareanimals(harm)ifpeoplekeepdestroyingtheirlivingplaces.（所给词的适当形式填空）8．Shefeltitnecessary(apologize)forherrudeattitudeyesterday.(所给词的适当形式填空)9．Nowreadhowshefeltafterbeinginthe(hide)placesinceJuly1942.10．Ifeelbad,soIdon’tthinkIcanmanage(take)alongwalk.(所给词的适当形式填空)11．Afterthegame,wefoundourteammate(hug)hisparentswithexcitement.(所给词的适当形式填空)12．Childrengrownormallyonadiet(consist)ofmanydifferentvarietiesofvegetableswithsmallamountsofmilkandmeat.13．Agroupofyouths(involve)intheincidenthavebeentakentothelocalpolicestationforquestioning.(所给词的适当形式填空)14．Theproblem(discuss)justnowisofgreatimportance.(所给词的适当形式填空)15．ShebecamethefirstChinesewomanever(choose)asdirectorofthehospitaldepartment.(所给词的适当形式填空)16．Listeningtothestoryabouthowtheexplorersurvivedthewhirlpool,welookedathimwith(admire).(所给词的适当形式填空)17．LiangJianying,general(design)oftheChina’shigh-speedEMU,wasbornin1972.(所给词的适当形式填空)18．It’s(polite)tospeakloudlyinpublic.(所给词的适当形式填空)19．Pleaseacceptourapologiesforany(convenience)wehavecaused.（所给词的适当形式填空）20．Somecomedianstelljokesaboutthewaypeople(behavior).(所给词的适当形式填空)一、语法填空基础练(A)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AtmyoldschoolinToronto,Iwasonthefootballandvolleyballteams,soIwasverypopularandhadlotsoffriends.EverythingchangedwhenIwas16yearsoldbecausemyparentsdecidedtomovetoFlorida.Thefirstfew1(day)inmynewschoolwereverydifficult.Theclasstimetablewasdifferent,andtheteacherswere2(strict)thanthoseinmyoldschool.Eachteachergaveusalotofhomeworkeverynight.As3result,myfreetimebecamelimited(有限的).Myhomeworkkeptme4busythatIcouldonlywatchTVonSaturdaynights.AllthestudentsweredressedinshortsandT-shirtsinsteadofschooluniforms.Somekidstriedtobenice5me,butIdidnotwanttotalkto6(they).Tome,theylookedandactedfunny!Afterafewweeks,nooneeventriedtotalktomeanymore.Ibegantofeellonely.TwomonthspassedbeforeIgotthecourage7(talk)tosomeclassmates.8(final),Ifoundtheywerenormal(正常的)people,justlikeme.I9(begin)todevelopsomerelationshipsandevengoodfriendships.Ilearnedavaluablelessonabout10(make)friendsthatyear.(B)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Inthelive-streamingchannel(直播间)ofYangWeiyun,nosingingordancingisperformedandnoproducts11(sell).Sheteachespinyin,readingandwriting,12hasbeenmostfamiliartoherforthepast50years.Thedifferenceisthatnowherstudentsare13(main)adults.Aftersheretired14ateacher,sheopenedherownlive-streamingaccountinMay2021andofferedfreepinyincourses15(prepare)forkindergartenpupilsabouttoattendprimaryschool.However,shegraduallylearntamongherviewerstherearealotofilliterate(不识字的)adultseagertolearnpinyin,soshemanagedtomeettheir16(need).“Manyilliterateadultsdidn’thavethechancetogotoschoolwhentheywereyoung.Iwantedtogivethem17newstartingpoint,”saidYang.Consideringthatmostoftheadultstudentshavetomaketimetoattendthelessons,Yangholdstwolive-streamingsessions(节)everydaystartingat8:30amand8:30pm.18(know)thateachofthestudentslearningthroughherlive-streamingchannel19(have)theirowndemands,shealwayspreparesherclassescarefullyafterconcludingalive-streamingsession.Yangsaidshetriedherbesttoworkoutmanywaysthestudentscanlearnandrememberbetter,andherbiggestwishnowis20(see)thesestudentsgraduatefromherclasses.(C)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Today’sfestivalshave21widerangeofroots,22(include)theseasonsoftheyear,famousfigures,importantevents,andreligions.Allfestivalshavethespiritof23(share)joy,gratitude,love,orpeaceincommon.Theharvestfestivalisoneofthemostpopularfestivals24(celebrate)inmanycultures.InChina,familiesgather25(admire)theshiningmoonandenjoydeliciousmooncakesduringtheMid-AutumnFestival.Customsplayasignificantroleinfestivals,26theycanchangeovertime.Forexample,someChinesecitiesnolongerallowfirecrackersduringtheSpringFestival,astheycanincreaseair27(pollute).However,thesedays,festivals28(become)moreandmorecommercial,withpeople29(spend)moremoneyongifts,whichresultsindifferentopinions.Festivalsareanimportantpartofsociety.Theyreflectpeople’swishes,beliefs,faiths,andattitudestowardslife.Theyare30(occasion)thatallowustorelaxandenjoylife.二、语法填空进阶练1.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。TraditionalChinesegardenart,31beautyishighlypraisedacrosstheworld,enjoysalonghistoryandspecialartisticcharm,32(compare)withstraightandtidyWesternlandscapegardens.33warsandnaturaldisastersinancienttimesthatonce34(destroy)plentyofancientbuildingsandscenicspots,thousandsofpreciousclassicgardens35(protect)verywelltillthepresentday.Itsgracefulnaturaldesignstyleis36(whole)connectedwithancientChineseideasaboutharmonybetweennatureandhumans.Asweallknow,37makestraditionalgardensunusualliesintheirquietcultureandgentlebeauty.Withclearwater38(flow)slowlyalongwindingp