衔接点16 时态语态非谓语综合（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义）（原题版）

衔接点16时态语态非谓语综合初中视角高中展望初中阶段的英语学习注重基础语法的掌握和应用，因此对动词时态和语态的综合运用要求学生能够理解并正确使用这些时态和语态来表达不同的时间和动作状态。高中阶段对时态和语态的综合运用要求学生能够在各种语境中准确、灵活地使用不同的时态和语态。非谓语部分是高中语法重点内容，需熟练掌握动名词、现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态变化及语法功能。衔接引导初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。【初中考点聚焦】考点1时态语态序号知识点具体内容1基本时态掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时基本构成和用法；理解现在进行时、过去进行时构成及表示正在进行动作；掌握现在完成时、过去完成时构成及表示动作完成或对现在影响2被动语态理解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时被动语态的基本构成3时态的一致性在复合句（如时间状语从句、条件状语从句）中保持主句和从句时态一致性4语态的转换理解主动语态和被动语态之间转换及在不同语境中的使用5时态信号词识别时态信号词（如时间状语）帮助确定句子时态1．Withthehelpofmyteachers,I________muchprogressinmystudiessincelastyear.A．aremaking B．willmake C．wasmaking D．havemade2．—David,youlooksobusy.Whatareyoudoing?—I________asecretgiftformygrandma.A．prepare B．prepared C．ampreparing D．willprepare3．Bytheendoflastmonth,we________morethan2000booksfortheHopeSchoolinLudianCounty.A．havecollected B．collected C．hadcollected D．willcollect4．Bytheendoflastterm,we________morethan2,000Englishwords.A．learned B．havelearned C．wouldlearn D．hadlearned5．—Icalledyouateightlastnight,butnooneanswered.—Oh,I________ashoweratthattime.A．took B．take C．amtaking D．wastaking6．Inmanycountries,teenagers________todopart-timejobsintheirfreetime.A．wereallowed B．allowed C．allow D．areallowed7．The2025ZhaotongAppleCulturalFestival________successfullyinOctober.Manytouristsenjoyedthesweetfruits.A．held B．washeld C．isheld D．holds8．Ithinkchildren________tomaketheirowndecisionsabouthobbies.A．shouldallow B．shouldbeallowedC．shouldbeallowing D．shouldhaveallowed9．AnewAirportExpressstation________intheWangjingareaofBeijingin2027.A．built B．wasbuilt C．willbuild D．willbebuilt10．—Dadjustcalledandsaidthathewouldn’tbebackuntilnextweek.—Yeah.Allflights________becauseofthebadweather.A．havecanceled B．havebeencanceled C．willbecanceled D．iscanceling考点2非谓语动词序号知识点具体内容1不定式形式“to+动词原形”，可作多种成分，如主语、宾语等，不同时态、语态有对应构成。2动名词构成“动词原形+-ing”，能充当主语、宾语等成分，特定动词或介词后常用。3分词分现在分词（“动词原形+-ing”）和过去分词（规则、不规则变化），各自在句中作多种成分，表意有别。11．Iamallowed________mydad’scomputerifIaskhimfirst.A．use B．touse C．using D．used12．Shesawhim________apictureintheclassroomjustnow.A．draw B．draws C．drew D．drawing13．—HowdoyoupracticeyourspokenEnglish,Andrew?—By________Englishwithmyclassmates.A．tospeak B．speak C．speaking D．spoke14．Ifyouaskme,IwouldsaythatIwon’tmind________abroadtoenrichmyknowledge.A．taking B．totake C．tobetaken D．beingtaken15．Ourteachersadviseus________aweeklyplantobalanceourstudyandrestproperly.A．make B．tomake C．making D．made16．“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,”saidBob,________outofthewindow.A．looking B．tolook C．looked D．havinglooked17．Whichdoyouenjoy________yourweekends,fishingorwatchingTV?A．spending B．tospend C．beingspent D．spend18．TomknewlittleChinese,sohecouldn’tmakehimself________whenhecametoChina.A．understand B．understood C．tounderstand D．understanding19．—Whatdoyouthinkofthesong“DreamBottom”byHailaiAmu?—Verytouching.Ioftenheardthesong________byhimonTV.A．sung B．tosing C．singing D．sing20．The2029WinterAsianGameswillbeheldinAlmaty,andmanyyoungpeoplearelookingforwardto________theeventinperson.A．watch B．watching C．towatch D．watched【高中考点聚焦】课标解读除初中八种基本时态外，还需掌握现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时的用法；将来完成时、将来进行时用法；除了初中几种被动形式外，还需掌握现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态用法。在阅读理解中分析和理解时态和语态的使用，以及它们对文章意义的影响。在语法填空中准确使用时态和语态，各种非谓语动词形式。在翻译练习及写作中准确转换时态和语态，保持原文的意义和风格。使用非谓语动词增加句子表达的多样化及丰富性。考点清单一、时态语态主要知识点梳理二、非谓语主要知识点梳理表1.非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：非谓语形式时态和语态否定式复合结构特征和作用不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone在非谓语前加notforsb.todosth.具有名词，副词和形容词作用句中做主、宾、定、表和状语现在分词doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done动名词doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendonesb’sdoing具有名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语表2.做宾语的非谓语动词比较：情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind,finish,keep,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,prevent,dislike,avoid,risk,resist,considercan’thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto,turnto两者都可以意义基本相同begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）need,want,require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则用被动形式）意义相反stoptodo停止手中事，去做另一件事;stopdoing停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regrettodo（未发生）remember/forget/regretdoing（已发生）goontodo（接着做另外一件事）goondoing（接着做同一件事）trytodo（设法，努力去做，尽力）trydoing（试试去做，看有何结果）meantodo（打算做，企图做）meandoing（意识是，意味着）can’thelptodo（不能帮忙做）can’thelpdoing（忍不住要做）表3：接动名词的含有介词的固定句型：①prevent/stop/keepsb.(sth.)fromdoing②spendtime(money)indoingsth.③wastetime(money)indoingsth.④havesomedifficulty/troubleindoingsth.⑤haveahardtimeindoingsth.⑥thereisnosense/pointindoingsth.一、时态语态难题易错题1．MyfriendhasreturnedfromtheUK.She______atOxfordforfouryears,duringwhichtimewecommunicatedwitheachotherontheInternet.A．hadstudied B．hasbeenstudying C．hasstudied D．studied2．TheChineseanimatedblockbusterNeZha2,which______traditionalChineseculture,______anestimatedof1.5billionyuanatthebox-officesinceitsrelease,______toaudiencesofallages.A．drawson;hassold;appealing B．drawingon;hasbeensold;appealedC．drawson;issold;appealing D．drawingon;sells;appealed3．Beidou,______asChina’sself-developedsatellitenavigationsystem,______acrucialroleinvariousfieldssuchastransportation,surveyingandmapping,andnationalsecurity.A．considered;playing B．beingconsidered;hasplayedC．considered;hasplayed D．considering;playing4．Linda________theexperimentamonthagobutchangedhermindatthelastminute,otherwiseshe________importantdatabynow.A．started;wouldcollect B．wastostart;wouldhavecollectedC．wouldstart;collected D．wastostart;wouldbecollecting5．Bytheendofhiscareer,IsaacNewtonwas________withproducingover500books,manyofwhich________groundbreakingtheoriesacrossmultipledisciplines.A．flooded;involving B．credited;introducedC．impressed;covered D．engaged;presented6．Scientistsusedsonartomaptheseafloorwheretheplane________,________foranyremnants.A．wasthoughtcrashing;searched B．wasthoughttocrash;searchingC．wasthoughttohavecrashed;searching D．thoughttohavecrashed;searched7．Inthepastfewmonths,theinternationalcommunity________aseriesofpeace-seekingeffortsintheIsrael-Palestineconflict.A．saw B．hasseen C．hadseen D．sees8．Ourtwoseniorprogrammers________eachothereversincetheywereatcollege.A．know B．knew C．haveknown D．areknowing9．Theybecamefriendsagainthatday.Untilthen,they________toeachotherfornearlytwoyears.A．didn’tspeak B．hadn’tspoken C．haven’tspoken D．spoke10．BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,we________inEuropefortwoweeks.A．hadstayed B．shallstay C．willhavestayed D．havebeenstaying11．Theshyboy____________todropoutofschoolbecauseoflonelinessandsadnessatthenewplace,butasmalltalkwiththeheadmasterhelpedhimout.A．hadplanned B．planned C．plans D．hasplanned12．Thequestionastowhethertherewillbemoretornadoesastheseason________remainsuncertain.A．willcontinue B．hascontinued C．iscontinuing D．continues13．Thebabyisgenerallyhealthythankstotheintensivecareofhealthprofessionals,andyeteverynowandthenhe________acold.A．hascaught B．iscatching C．willcatch D．catches14．—Iwillcometoattendyourlectureat10:00tomorrow.—I’msorry,bythenmylecturewillhaveendedandI________myguestsinmyoffice.A．ammeeting B．willmeet C．willbemeeting D．willhavemet15．Whentheoldmantowalkbacktohishouse,thesunitselfbehindthemountain.A．started;hadalreadyhidden B．hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC．hadstarted;washiding D．wasstarting;hid16．ItosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn’tmanageit.A．havehoped B．hadhoped C．hoped D．hope17．Jerry,togetherwithhisworkmates,inthesupermarketatthistimeyesterday.A．areshopping B．isshopping C．wasshopping D．wereshopping18．IfirstmetTom10yearsago.He________inaradiofactoryatthattime.A．hadworked B．hasworked C．wasworking D．hasbeenworking19．BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,we______inEuropefortwoweeks.A．willstay B．willhavestayed C．havestayed D．havebeenstaying20．Bythetimeshegraduatenextyear,Sarah________threeinternships,layingasolidfoundationforherfuturecareer.A．willcomplete B．willhavecompleted C．hascompleted D．hadcompleted21．Alibrarywithsixthousandbooks________totheschoolasagift.A．isoffered B．hasoffered C．areoffered D．haveoffered22．Thenewpolicy______carefullybythemanagementteamatthemoment,anditsfinalversionwillbesharednextweek.A．isbeingdiscussed B．isdiscussing C．isdiscussed D．isbeingdiscuss23．Amy,aswellasherbrothers,________awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.A．weregiven B．wasgiven C．havebeengiven D．hasbeengiven24．Afterschoolwewenttothereadingroomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit________.A．ispainted B．waspainted C．waspainting D．wasbeingpainted25．Mrs.Novakheardthatshe________toapostinanearbyschool.A．willpromote B．wouldbepromotedC．hadpromoted D．hasbeenpromoted26．Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances________inthepastfewyears.A．havediscovered B．werediscoveredC．havebeendiscovered D．werebeingdiscovered27．Arescueworkerriskedhislifetosavetwotouristswho_______inthemountainsfortwodays.A．hadbeentrapped B．havebeentrappedC．havetrapped D．weretrapped28．Duetonewpropermeasures,bytheendofthismonth,thecarbonfootprintproducedbythecattlefarmbyabout30%.A．hasbeenreduced B．willhavereducedC．hasbeenreducing D．willhavebeenreduced29．It’sreportedthatbytheendofthisyear,hugequantitiesofgoodearth______duetodeforestation.A．willhavebeenwashedaway B．isbeingwashedawayC．arebeingwashedaway D．willhavewashedaway30．Nomatterhowadvancedmodernequipmentis,letters_________inexpressingpeople’sfeelings.A．willneverreplace B．willneverbereplacedC．neverreplace D．haveneverbeenreplaced二、非谓语难题易错题1．Everyminutemustbemadefulluseof________English.A．studying B．tohavestudied C．havingstudied D．tostudy2．GanYing,amilitaryenvoy,exploredthePersianGulfandbecamethefirstChinese_____informationonEurope.A．toget B．getting C．tobeget D．havingget3．________tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.A．Exposed B．Havingexposed C．Beingexposed D．Exposing4．ForbothTaoYuanmingandThoreau,truecontentmentlayin________closetonatureandlivingsimply.A．be B．being C．been D．tobe5．______fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.A．Towork B．Havingworked C．Tobeworking D．Worked6．________backinmyseat,Ican’tquitebelievethatI’mabouttotravelalongtherailwaythatmanyforeignexpertsclaimedwas“impossible”.A．Seating B．Sitting C．Sit D．Beingseated7．Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially__________tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.A．designed B．designing C．todesign D．havingbeendesigned8．Onceyoumakeadecisiononthehostcity,millionsofpeoplestarttomakeplans________onthatandhundredsofmillionsofdollarsarespentonit.A．based B．tobebased C．basing D．havingbased9．Whenthelittlegirlopenedthewindowthenextmorning,shewasexcitedtofindthewholeground________withsnow.A．covered B．covering C．tocover D．tobecovered10．Thecollapseofthebridgeisnowbelieved________duringtheheavyrainfalllastnight.A．occurring B．tobeoccurringC．tohaveoccurred D．tohavebeenoccurring三、完成句子1．她从八岁开始就一直打网球。Shesinceshewaseight.2．到目前为止，这一概念被运用于绘画、建筑和雕塑中。Sofar,thisconcept

painting,architectureandsculpture.3．I(参加考试)at2:30tomorrowafternoon,soIcan’tgoskatingwithyou.4．昨天当我进来时，我妈妈在浏览我的日记。MymothermydiariesIcameinyesterday.5．Sinceyourcomputer(正在被修理),youcanusemine.6．多年来我们一直要求更好的居住条件。Foryearswebetterlivingconditions.7．在过去的十年里，在医学和环境科学领域取得了巨大的进步。Inthepasttenyears,inmedicineandenvironmentalscience.8．当我走进会议室的时候，这台机器的优缺点正在被讨论。TheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthismachinewhenIwentintothemeetingroom.9．北京位于中国的东北部，是中国最大的城市之一。thenortheastofChina,BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.10．明天上午十点我要去机场给一个朋友送行。Iattheairportattentomorrowmorning.11．得知五分之四的票已经被预订了，经理很高兴。Themanagerwashappytolearnthatfour­fifthsofthetickets.12．这些年她一直在为这家杂志撰稿。Shearticlestothismagazinealltheseyears.13．Ihadtomovetoanotherroombecause(我的房间在装修)then.14．他爱好广泛，从书法到吉它都很喜欢。Hehasdiverseinterests,calligraphyguitar-playing.15．MorepeopletendtocelebrateChristmas,withbusiness(利用)theoccasions.一、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Howdoyouusuallybuywhatyouneed,shoppingonlineorgoingouttoshopinperson?WiththehelpoftheInternet,shoppingis1(easy)thanbefore.Wecanjustclickourmousetochoosetheitemswelike,payforthemonline,andtheshoppingis2(finish).Itiseasyandquick.Ithelpssavemoney，too.Wecansavethousandsayearifwecomparethepricesofsimilaritemsbeforedecidingwhich3(buy).However,therearealwaystrapsinshoppingonline.Ifwearenot4(care),wemaygetintotrouble.Forexample,wemayfindthecolouroftheitemdifferent5thatinthepictureonline.Sometimes,thesizeoftheitemwereceivecanbetoobig6toosmall.7(avoid)suchtroubles,weshouldcomparesimilaritemsondifferentonlinestoresandpaymoreattentiontowhatothercustomerssay.Fromtheir8(comment),wecanknowbetteraboutanitem’scolour,sizeaswellas9(it)shortcomings.Inthiswayweincreaseourchanceofbuying10moresatisfactoryitem.二、阅读理解Virtueisthemostvaluabletreasureforteenagersduringtheirgrowth.Itshapesourcharacterandguidesourbehavioraswegrowup.Indailylife,wemayeasilymeetvariousmoraldilemmas:whethertotellthetruthwhenwemakemistakes,whethertoassistaclassmateintrouble,orwhethertodonatelittlethingstopeopleinneed.Thesesmallbutmeaningfulchoicesdonotseemimportantatthemoment,buttheyslowlyshapeourpersonalitiesandvalues,decidingwhatkindofpeoplewewillbecomeinthefuture.LiYue,ahighschoolstudentwithakindheart,oncefacedsuchatoughmoralchoice.Lastweek,sheaccidentallypickedupawalletwithalargeamountofcashonherwaytoschool.Atthattime,herfamilywasgoingthroughahardtimeandwasbadlyshortofmoney.Worsestill,shehadtoprepareforextratuitionfees,whichaddedmorepressuretoherfamily.Forashortmoment,shefeltex