衔接点12 情态动词、系动词、助动词（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义）（原题版）

衔接点12情态动词、系动词、助动词初中视角高中展望熟记can/may/must/should/will等常用词，掌握基本含义、句式及否定/疑问用法，能简单辨析must与haveto。分清be动词、感官动词、变化类系动词，掌握主系表基本句型，熟记常用搭配。掌握do/does/did/be/have/will的基础用法，用于构成时态、语态、疑问和否定句。拓展could/might/oughtto/dare/need等，重点掌握推测、虚拟语气、委婉语气，区分情态动词+havedone结构。辨析易混系动词（如become/get/turn），掌握系动词无被动、无进行时的用法，结合语境灵活运用。区分实义动词与助动词，掌握倒装、强调、省略句式中助动词的特殊用法。衔接引导初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。【初中考点聚焦】考点1情态动词1．—Mum,couldIrideanelectricbicycletoschool?—No,you_________.Studentsundertheageof16aren’tallowedtorideelectricbicycles.A．couldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．can’t2．—Ms.Li,mustwefinishthescienceprojecttoday?—No,you________.Justmakesureit’sdonebeforeFriday.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t3．—Thesepurpleclayworkslooksoamazing!—True.Butwe________touchanyofthem.Theybreakeasily.A．neednot B．maynot C．mustn’t D．couldn’t4．He________knowthesecret.Ihaven’ttoldanyoneaboutit.A．might B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t5．—________wecleantheclassroomtogetheraftertheafternoonclass?—Goodidea!Teamworkcanmaketheworkmucheasierandfaster.A．Shall B．Must C．May D．Can考点2系动词6．There________abookandthreepensonthedesk.A．is B．are C．was D．be7．There________morethan30,000peopleattheChangchunMarathoninMay2026.A．is B．are C．was D．were8．Mymotheroftenmakesorangejuiceathome.Itisfreshandnatural,soit________muchbetterthanthedrinksintheshop.A．sounds B．drives C．feels D．tastes9．Onethousandkilometers________quitealongwaytotheancients,butnowwecancompletethejourneyinonehourbyair.A．was B．were C．is D．are10．GuanyunHotNoodles________sodeliciousthatvisitorsfromalloverJiangsucometohaveatry.A．sounds B．tastes C．smells D．looks考点3助动词11．—Doyouhaveapen?—Yes,I________.Andit’sblack.A．do B．don’t C．am D．amnot12．—______hegotoschoolbybikeeveryday?—Yes,hedoes.A．Do B．Does C．Did D．Will13．—HehardlywatchesTVonschoolnights,________?—No,hedevotesallhistimetohisstudies.A．doeshe B．doesn’the C．ishe D．isn’the14．Theyhavetohelppeopledothehealthcheckforawholeday,________?A．don’tthey B．haven’tthey C．dothey D．havethey15．—Idon’tlikeshortvideosonsocialmedia.—________.Watchingthemisawasteoftime.A．SodoI B．SowillI C．NeitherdoI D．NeitherwillI【高中考点聚焦】课标解读1.情态动词：课标要求在语境中掌握can/could、may/might、must/haveto、should/oughtto、need等；重点理解并运用能力、许可、义务、推测四类核心情态意义；熟练掌握情态动词+havedone（对过去推测/虚拟/责备），并能在交际与写作中准确表达语气、态度与情感。2.系动词：掌握be、感官系动词（look/sound/feel等）、变化类（become/get/turn）、持续类（keep/stay）；核心是熟练运用主系表结构，明确系动词无被动、无进行时；能辨析易混系动词，在语境中准确描述主语身份、性质、状态与变化。3.助动词：掌握be、do、have、will/shall的语法功能，用于构成时态、语态、否定、疑问；区分助动词与实义动词；掌握其在倒装、强调、省略句式中的用法，能在语篇中识别并运用助动词构建正确句式、理解长难句。考点清单Partone情态动词1．情态动词的基本用法(1)can/could：表示能力、请求、可能性。相关的特殊句型有：cannot...too.../enough再怎么……也不过分；can’thelpbutdo不得不做……Thesmallestgoodhabitscanmakeabigdifference.最小的好习惯会产生很大的作用。Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhiledriving.你开车时越小心越好。(2)may/might：表示较小的可能性。相关句型或搭配：may/mightaswelldo表示“还是……好，最好……”。Ifyouforgottoturnitoffwhenyouwentaway,youmightburndownthehouse.当你离开时如果忘记关掉它，你可能把整个房子都烧毁的。Sinceitisraininghard,youmayaswellstayhere.既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。(3)must表示非常肯定的推测；表示与说话人意愿相反或不耐烦等感情色彩，意为“偏要，非要……不可”；表示“必须”。mustn’t意为“禁止”，表示“不必”应用needn’t。Menandwomenmustbetreatedequallyineducationandemployment.在教育和就业方面，男性和女性必须被平等对待。HethoughtthatJoemustbedead,buthedidn’twanttoleaveimmediately.他以为乔一定死了，但是他不想立刻就离开。Mustyoumakesoloudnoise?你非得弄出这么大声吗？(4)shall的用法：①用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，语气强于should。②用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征询意见，肯定回答应用must，否定回答应用needn’t或don’thaveto。Ipromisedheshallgetapresentforhisbirthday.我许诺给他一件生日礼物。ShallItellBretttocomeoverstraightafterschooltomorrow?要我告诉布雷特明天放学以后直接过来吗？(5)should/oughtto①表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。(陕西卷)Whyshouldn’twebuytheladyaflower？Itwillmakeherfeelbetter.为什么我们不给那位女士买一朵花呢？这会让她感觉好一些。②should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然；居然”。Itisquitesurprisingthatheshouldspeaktoyoulikethat.他竟然那样对你说话，真是令人惊讶。③should和oughtto表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。Heoughtto/shouldbehereontime—hestartedearlyenough.他应该按时到这里了——他很早就出发了。2．“情态动词＋havedone”的用法(1)musthavedone“一定做过了某事”，表示对过去事情有把握的推测。(2)could/canhavedone“本能做某事(而实际上未做)”，can’t/couldn’thavedone“(过去)不可能做过某事”。(3)may/mighthavedone“(过去)有可能做过某事”。(4)should/oughttohavedone“本该做某事而没做”。(5)needn’thavedone“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。Theboymighthaveknownthetruth,butIamnotquitesure.那个男孩(当时)也许知道了真相，但我不是很确定。Georgecan’thavegonetoofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.乔治一定没走远，他的咖啡仍旧热呢。“情态动词＋have＋过去分词

”结构是难点和重点，记住以下最常考查的结构：（1）musthavedone“过去一定做了某事”（2）can’t/couldn’thavedone“过去不可能做了某事”（3）may/mighthavedone“过去可

能做了某事”（4）needn’thavedone“过去本来没有必要做而做了某事”（5）couldhavedone“过去本来能够做某事而没有做”（6）should/oughttohavedone“过去本来应该做某事而没有做

”（7）shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone“过去本来不应该做某事而做了”Parttwo系动词系动词又称连系动词，其后常接形容词或名词等作表语。注意：系动词只能有主动语态，不能有被动语态，多数不能用于进行时态。系动词有一定意义，它们要与其后作表语的形容词、名词或介词（短语）一起构成合成谓语。常见的系动词如下：种类用法

举例be动词is,am,are,was,wereIamamathteacher.我是数学老师。表感官look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），sound（听起来），feel（摸起来，感觉）Lucylookshappytoday.今天露西看起来很开心。Themusicsoundsbeautiful.这音乐听起来很优美。表变化become，get，turn（十颜色），go(+bad食物变质），grow(+tall,old),fall(+i11,sick,asleep)Thetreesturngreeninspring.春天树变绿了。Foodgoesbadeasilyinhotweather.炎热的天气里，食物容易变质。Ididn'tfallasleepuntilmidnightyesterday.昨天直到半夜我才睡着。保持，保留keep,stay,remainWeallremained／stayed／keptsilent.我们都保持沉默。似乎，好像seemHeseemedverysadyesterday.昨天，他似乎很伤心。Partthree助动词助动词没有任何含义，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式及部分倒装。常见的助动词有be，do，does，did，have等，具体用法如下：种类用法

举例be构成各种进行时态Itwasrainingalldayyesterday.昨天下了一天雨。构成被动语态Themeetingwasheldyesterdayafternoon.这个会议是昨天下午召开的与不定式连用表示按计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作TheyaretoseeanEnglishfilmthisevening.他们今晚要看一场英语电影。dodo的过去式是did；第三人称单数是does；do，did，does用于构成疑问式或否定式Doeshethinkso？他这么认为吗？在动词前加上do，does，did表示强调，意为“的确，确实”Theydostudyhard.他们确实学习努力。havehave的过去式是had；第三人称单数是has；have，has，had均可与动词的过去分词一起构成完成时态Hehaslivedhereforthreeyears.他已经住在这里三年了。1．助动词do/does/did主要帮助构成疑问句、否定句及部分倒装。助动词do/does/did后只能跟动词原形，助动词不能用作实义动词。2．助动词be/being/been主要帮助构成进行时、完成进行时和各种被动语态。需注意be虽然没有实际意义，但却是结构中不可缺少的。3．助动词have/has/had主要是帮助构成完成时态和完成进行时态。需注意其构成形式have/has/haddone和have/has/hadbeendoing。[助记]助动词，用法怪；只当佐料不当菜。句型变换显身手；常与时态谈恋爱。have完成be进行，will将来三大块。加上各自过去式，总共构成六时态。否定疑问靠它们，过去did，do现在。一般现在和过去，没有助动也无碍。第三人单用does，否定疑问照常变。一、语法填空1．WhyyoualwaysinterruptmewhenIamdoingmyhomework?(用适当的词填空)2．Themedicinebeonthewaytobetested,butI’mnotsure.(用适当的词填空)3．Ilovetheweekend,becauseIgetupearlytogotoschool.(用适当的词填空)4．Mr.Smithisontimeforeverything.Howitbethathewaslatefortheimportantmeeting?(用适当的词填空)5．Carsbeparkedinfrontoftheentrancetothesupermarket.(用适当的词填空)6．Heisabad­temperedman,buthebequitekindandpatientsometimes.(用适当的词填空)7．Lookatthedarkclouds.Itrainthisafternoon.You’dbettertakeanumbrella.（填入恰当的情态动词）.8．Wehavehelpedhim;inthatcase,hewouldhavebeenabletofinishthework.(选择恰当的情态动词填空can/should)(所给词的适当形式填空)9．Whenyoucrossthestreet,youbecarefulofthepassingcars.(用适当的词填空)10．Jacksetoutatseveninthemorning;hebeherenow.(用适当的词填空)11．Youhavetoldhimthetruth;itmadehimsosad.(用适当的情态动词填空)12．Shehaveearnedalotofmoney,forsheboughtasecondnewcaryesterday.(用适当的词填空)13．Shedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.shehavebeenill?(用适当的词填空)14．Ihaven’tseenherforweeks.Shehavegoneonholiday.(用适当的词填空)15．Thegroundiswet.Ithaverainedlastnight.(用适当的词填空)16．Thewater(feel)coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.(所给词的适当形式填空)17．China’sdeadliestearthquakeinrecentyears(be)a7.9magnitudequakein2008thatkillednearly90,000peopleinSichuan.（所给词的适当形式填空）18．Thissortofroastmeatisalocalsuperfoodandit（taste）delicious.（所给词的适当形式填空）19．Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,and（prove）extremelypopularwiththepublic.（所给词的适当形式填空）20．Thismaterial（feel）softandmaybeusedtomakeunderwear.（所给词的适当形式填空）21．DoIhavetotakethismedicine?It(taste)soterrible.(所给词的适当形式填空）22．Neithermyparentsnormyyoungersister(be)athometoday.(所给词的适当形式填空）23．Notonlyhespeakcorrectly,buthealsospeakseasily.(用适当的词填空)24．Howlongyousupposeitissincehearrivedandbegantoworkhere?(用适当的词填空)25．NotuntilthenIrealisewordscouldbepowerfulinpositiveandnegativeways.（用适当的词填空）26．Thenumberofstudentsofourschool(be)increasingrapidlytheseyears.(所给词的适当形式填空)27．Nosoonerhearrivedatthestationthanhisfriendleftbytrain.（用适当的词填空）28．Asaresultofdestroyingthefor-ests,alargequantityofdesert（have）coveredtheland.（所给词的适当形式填空）29．Younothaveboughtthebook.Ihaveacopyforyou.(用适当的情态动词填空)30．Usingsupercomputer,manylabsarenowconductingexperimentsthatcouldn’t(be)possibleinthepast.(所给词的适当形式填空)二、完成句子31．Don’tscoldhimforhismistakeagain.Anybody________(都可能犯错误).（根据汉语提示完成句子）32．Ifyou________________(非要走的话),atleastwaituntilthestormisover.(根据汉语提示完成句子)33．She________________(一定累了)aftersuchalongwalk.(根据汉语提示完成句子)34．你不需要现在完成，你有三天的时间。You________________now;youhavethreedays’time.35．You________(不必担心)thecaranymore,sinceIjusthaditrepaired.(根据汉语提示完成句子)36．Helen________nervous.看起来很紧张。37．除此之外,一些学生在网上受骗。(“get+过去分词”构成的被动结构)Besides,somestudents________online.38．____________________（树上的叶子变绿了）whenspringcomes,whichmakesabeautifulscene.39．I_______likebeinglaughedat.我不喜欢被人嘲笑。40．Tom_______gotoschooltodaybecauseheisill.汤姆今天没去上学，因为他生病了。41．昨天Tom确实按时完成了作业。YesterdayTom________________.42．Ifyouhaveanyotherquestions,_______.如果你还有其他问题，一定要告诉我。43．When_____________(do)thebusstart?公共汽车什么时候开？(按时刻表)44．那么你如何着手完成那项计划呢？Sohowdoyou________________accomplishingthatplan?45．谁都没有受伤，我深感欣慰。I________________thatnobodywashurt.三、语篇填空（情态动词、系动词、助动词专练）(A)Lifeisfullofsmallchallenges,andwe____1____bebraveenoughtofacethem.I____2____amiddleschoolstudentnow,andIoftenwonderwhatI____3____dowhenImeetdifficulties.Myteacheralwaystellsusthatwe____4____nevergiveupeasily.Whenyoufeeltired,you____5____takeashortrestfirst.It____6____normaltofeelupsetsometimes,butyou____7____notstayinbadmoodsfortoolong.____8____youknowhowtocheeryourselfup?Ifyouhaveproblems,you____9____askyourparentsorteachersforhelp.They____10____alwaysreadytolistentoyou.(B)Everyone____1____differentfromothers.We____2____respecteveryonearoundus.You____3____notlaughatpeoplewhoareintrouble.____4____yourfriendhaveanyspecialhobbies?He____5____playtheguitarverywell,andhe____6____alsogoodatsinging.We____7____learnfromeachotherandmakeprogresstogether.We____8____keepourpromisesifwemakethem.It____9____nothardtogetalongwellwithothers.What____10____youdotogetonwithyourclassmates?一、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Differentcountrieshavewildlydifferentformsofgreeting.IntheUSA,whenyoupassbysomeoneyouknow,anodisacceptable,andyouusuallyshakehandswithsomeoneyoufirstmeet.ButinLatincountries,afirmhandshake1(consider)rude.Inmyhomecountry,Mauritius,whenpeoplemeet,theyusuallykisseachother2thecheeks.ThisisalsocommoninFrance,3theactiscalledfairelabise.However,thisisnot4universalrule.DuringmyfirstweekintheUSA,IkissedeverysinglegirlImet.Myfriendshadtotellmethatthatwasinappropriate,5(leave)meingreatembarrassment.Whatiscommonhere,however,isforfriends6(hug)eachother–somethingIwasnotusedto.Hugsalwaysmakeme7(frighten)becauseIdon’treallylikethat.Thismayseemstrangesinceevenkissing8(stranger)isnormalinmycountry.NowthatIthinkaboutit,Ihatecheek-kissingaswell.Wouldn’titbe9(enjoy)tohaveagreetingcodethatis10(wide)acceptable?I’mnotsayingweshouldstartdoingthat,butwecansurelydosomethingtoavoidmisunderstanding.二、阅读理解FourInterestingFestivalsin2026Thefollowingeventshappeningin2026willmakeyouwanttopackyourbagsandjointhefun.HoliFestivalHoliturnscitiesintoaseaofrainbowcolors.Peoplethrowhandfulsofcoloredpowderatfriends,family,andtotalstrangers,whilemusic,dancing,andlaughterfillthestreets.Thefestivalcelebratesthearrivalofspringandthesuccess.IthappensonMarch3,2026.Wearwhiteclothesifyoudon’tmindgettingdirty,andpreparetobecoveredhead-to-toeineverycolorimaginable.Wife-CarryingWorldChampionshipCompetitorsracethroughadifficultcoursewhilecarryingtheirwife.Thecourseincludeswaterhazards(障碍),andsandtrapsthatteststrength,speed,andteamwork.Winnersreceivetheirwife’sweightinbeer.IthappensonJuly3and4,2026.Despitethetraditionalname,any