2025~2026学年辽宁省大连文谷高级中学度下学期高二期中测试英语试卷

2025~2026学年辽宁省大连文谷高级中学度下学期高二期中测试英语试卷一、阅读理解TheMaya(玛雅人)weregoodatmath.Theycountedingroupsof20,not10.Theywrotenumbersincolumnsgoingup.Thebottomrowwasthe“1s”column,thenextrowupwas20s,then400s,andsoon.Fordigits,theyusedadotfor1,alinefor5,andashellshapetoshowzero.Numbers1to19werewrittenwithacombinationoflinesanddots.

Thenumber1209(three400s+no20s+nine1s)wouldlooklikethis:AMayavillagemightkeeparecordofthepumpkinstheyharvestedlikethis:TheMayaalsokeptthreedifferentcalendars.Thefirstdividedtheyearinto18monthsof20dayseach,plusashortmonthof5days.Theshortmonthwasbelievedtobeunlucky,atimewhenspiritswalked.Thesecondcalendarrepeatedevery260days.Thiswasusedtoplancelebrationsandpredictfuture.Thiscalendarcounted13monthsof20dayseach.Eachdatehaditsownsetof3symbols(day,month,andyear).Whentalkingabouteventslongago,theyusedacalendarcalledthe“longcount.”Thiscoveredabout5,125years.Year1onthiscalendarwas3114BCEonourcalendar.Eachcityandvillagehadacalendarkeeper,whowasinchargeofsayingwhentocelebrateholidaysandwhentoexpectrainorplantcrops.Butfarmerscouldprobablyalsotellthetimeoftheyearfromthesunandstars.1.HowmanypumpkinsdidtheMayavillageharvestaccordingtoFigure3?

A．114.B．409.C．414.D．439.2.Whatcouldthe“longcount”calendarbeusedfor?

A．Markingtheunluckydays.B．Recordingancientevents.C．Dividingtheyearinto18months.D．Predictingandmakingfutureplans.3.Whichlearningprojectwouldthistextbemostsuitablefor?

A．DesignatravelplantotheMayaruinsB．WriteareportontheMayaagricultureC．GiveapresentationonMayaartisticsymbolsD．MakeaposterofMayascientificachievementsMayaMartinez,ahighschoolseniorlivinginafog-coveredcoastalvillageinNorthCalifornia,noticedthatthecommunitygardenwasgraduallydryingupduringthedriestsummeronrecord.Whilethevillagersremainedhelpless,Mayachosetospendherafternoonscarefullyobservingthethickmistthatrolledinfromthesea.Mayahadalreadyidentifiedacriticalfaultintraditionalfog-collectingmeshnets(网状网):theyfrequentlybecameblockedbytheverywaterdropstheycaught,whichseverelyreducedtheireffectiveness.Diggingdeeperintosolutions,Mayafoundanoveldevicedesignedbytwoscientists—the“FogHarp(竖琴)”.Mayadecidedtousethehandymaterialstocreateherown“FogHarp”.Atfirst,neighborswatchedtheprocesswithdoubtasshestrunghundredsofthin,uprightwiresacrossasolidwoodenframe.Tothem,thesetuplookednomorethan“agiantmusicalinstrument”thatonlyproduceduselesssoundsinthecoldcoastalwind.Littledidtheyknowthissimple-lookingsetupwouldsoonprovesurprisinglyeffective.TheremarkableefficiencyofMaya’sFogHarpliesinitscleveruseofgravity.Inatraditionalmeshnet,tinywaterdropsgeteasilytrappedwithinthesmallsquaregaps,whichstopfurthercollection.Thisoccursbecausethesurfacetension—theinvisible,stretchy“skin”ofliquidwater—istoostrongforthesmalldropstoovercome.InMaya’sFogHarp,bycontrast,waterdropshitthewiresandslowlycombineintolargerdrops.Mostimportantly,withnocrosswirestoholdtheselargerdropsinplace,gravityeasilyovercomessurfacetension,allowingthewatertoslideeffortlesslydownthewiresandcollectinatankbelow.Ofcourse,theprojectfaceditsshareofsetbacks.Duringoneseverecoastalstorm,theextremewindtorethroughthewoodenframe.Yet,insteadofgivingintodespair,sheimmediatelysetouttofixtheproblembyreinforcingtheentirestructurewithdurablesteelwires.Bythetimeautumnarrived,Maya’s“FogHarps”werereliablyproducingplentyoffreshwatereveryday,partlymeetingthedailywaterneedsofthevillage.4.WhydidMayaobservethethickmistinherafternoons?

A．Topredicttheweatherconditions.B．Toclarifythereasonsfordrought.C．Tochecktheefficiencyofthemeshnets.D．Toworkoutasolutiontowatershortage.5.WhatcanweknowaboutMaya’s“FogHarp”?

A．Itwasamusicalinstrument.B．Itinvitedvillagers’acidwords.C．Itpresentedaninbornfault.D．Itfeaturedasolidmetalframe.6.WhatisthekeyforMaya’sFogHarptofunctionwell?

A．Itsupright-wiredesign.B．Itsmesh-netstructure.C．Itsweaksurfacetension.D．Itsresistancetogravity.7.WhatcanwelearnfromMaya’sstory?

A．Lookbeforeyouleap.B．Betterlatethannever.C．Thinkoutsidethebox.D．Timewaitsfornoman.Achallengeofteachingmathematicsratherthan,say,historyisthatthehomeworkisalothardertocomeupwith.Afterall,“WasHenryVIIIagoodking?”isareasonablequestiontoaskeitheraclassroomofnine-year-oldsoralecturetheatreofpostgraduates.But“Solvethisquadraticequation(二次方程式)”wouldleavetheclassroomnonplussedandthelecturetheatreunimpressed.Mathsislearnedbydoinganddesigningaproblemthatiseasyenoughtobeaccessible,yethardenoughtobesatisfying,isabigheadacheinitself.Partlyforthisreason,booksthatsuccessfullycommunicatehowmathematiciansthink,butareaimedatthosenotalreadyinthefield,arebothvaluableandrare.NowSirDavidSpiegelhalter,professorofstatisticsattheUniversityofCambridge,hasaddedtothecategorywithTheArtofUncertainty.Hisnewbookwillappealtomanymorethanjustmathematicians,foritstopicisuniversal:howtoanalysechance,uncertaintyandrisk.Ifanewvirusisrunningwildandthemajorityofdeathsareamongthosewhohavereceivedanewervaccine(疫苗),isthatevidencethatthevaccinationprogramisharmful?Howmuchoftopfootballteams’performancecomesdowntoluckratherthanskill?ProfessorSpiegelhalter’sexplorationofsuchquestionsisdelightful.First,heusesthemtoillustratebroaderideasabouthowprobabilityandstatisticswork.SoadiscussionofvaccinesafetyproceedstoBayes’stheorem,aprocedureforimprovingone’sjudgmentofprobabilitiesasnewevidencecomestolight.ThejoyofProfessorSpiegelhalter’sapproachisthathereachesthisdeeptruththroughnothingmorethansomeintuitive(直觉的)assumptionsandverysimplemaths.Mostimportant,though,isProfessorSpiegelhalter’sskillatcommunicatingtheseideas.Muchofprobabilityandstatisticscangoagainstourintuition,andthemathsbehinditisoftenfearsome.Butthisisnotadifficultbooktoreadorunderstand.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nonplussed”inparagraph1probablymean?

A．Impressed.B．Inspired.C．Confused.D．Amused.9.WhatisthebiggestsellingpointofTheArtofUncertaintyaccordingtotheauthor?

A．Itcastslightonmaththoughts.B．Itcoversvarioustopics.C．Itmakessensetoordinarypeople.D．Itsatisfiesmathsprofessionals.10.WhydoestheauthormentionBayes’stheoreminparagraph3?

A．Toprovethereliabilityofintuition.B．Torevealthebook’sacademicnature.C．Tounderlinethedeeptruthofjudgement.D．TodemonstrateSpiegelhalter’swritingapproach.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A．Amasterofmathteaching.B．Abookonintuitiveassumptions.C．Adiscussionofriskmanagement.D．Aguidetounderstandingprobability.Nitrogenfertiliser(氮肥)isessentialformodernagriculturebutcarriesaheavyenvironmentalprice,contributingtowaterpollutionandsoildegradation.However,simplyreducingitsuseisnotasolution.Cropstypicallyrespondtonitrogenshortagebyinvestingmoreinrootgrowthtosearchfornutrients,oftenattheexpenseofshoot(茎叶)developmentandgrainproduction.Whileadaptiveinthewild,thisroot-shoottrade-offlimitsagriculturalproductivity.Fordecades,thegenebehindthistrade-offhasbeenunknown.Inanewstudy,researchersfromNanjingAgriculturalUniversity,theUniversityofOxford,andtheChineseAcademyofSciencesnotonlyidentifiedthegeneresponsible,butdemonstratedthatmodifyingitinricecanensurestableshootgrowthandyieldsevenwhennitrogenlevelsarelow.Thebreakthroughcouldultimatelyreducedependenceonartificialfertilisers.Inexperiments,theteamfoundthatageneinricecalledWRINKLED1ahasdistinctrolesintheshootandroot.Intheshoot,itswitchesonNGR5,akeygenethatpromotesbranching.Intheroots,WRINKLED1asupportsnitrogenuptake,butalsopreventstheformationofaproteincomplexthatwouldotherwiselimitrootgrowth.Interestingly,WRINKLED1adoesnotpreventthisproteincomplexintheshoot,showingthatitsrolesaretissue-specific.Fromover3,000ricevarieties,theteamidentifiedanaturallystrongerversionofthegeneandusedtraditionalplantbreeding(育种)tocrossitintovarietiescarryingaweakerform.OverthreefieldtrialsinHainanandAnhuiprovinces,China,riceplantswiththisimprovedversionmaintainedamorestableroot-to-shootbalanceacrossdifferentnitrogenconditions,resultingina23.7%yieldincreaseunderlowfertiliseruseanda19.9%increaseunderhighfertiliseruse.LeadauthorDr.ShanLinotedthatWRINKLED1ahelpsriceavoidtheusual“moreroots,lessshoot”situationundernitrogenlimitation,supportingstableyieldswithlowernitrogeninputs.“Thenextstepistoinvestigatewhethersimilargenesinothercrops,suchaswheatandcorn,canbeusedtoachievethesameoutcomes,”sheadded.12.Whichaspectoftheroot-shoottrade-offdoesthenewstudyfocuson?

A．Itseconomiccost.B．Itsnutritionaldemand.C．Itsgeneticmechanism.D．Itsenvironmentalimpact.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutWRINKLED1a?

A．Itsfunctionvariesindifferenttissues.B．Itseffectisrestrictedtotheshoot.C．Itpromotesproteincomplexformation.D．Itreducesnitrogenlevelsintheroots.14.Whatmightthestudyhelptodoaccordingtothetext?

A．Contributetofooddiversity.B．Facilitatesustainablefarming.C．Justifynitrogenfertiliseruse.D．Advancericebreedingmethods.15.WhatdoDr.ShanLi’swordssuggest?

A．Thelimitationoftheresearch.B．Achallengeinapplyingthefindings.C．Theneedtotesttheoutcomes.D．Apossibledirectionforfurtherstudy.Aboutayearago,ourdishwasherbrokedown.Wecalledarepairmanandweretolditwouldhavetobereplaced.16Somymotheraskedmetowashdishesbyhandafterdinner.Tounderstandwhythisupsetmesomuch,youneedtoknowwhatmylifewaslikeasauniversitysenior.17Homeworkassignments,projectsandtestscompetedformyattentionandtime.Icagedmyselfinaprisonofmyownambitionsandexpectations,cutofffrommanyaspectsoftheworld.SowhenIfirststartedwashingdishes,Ifeltannoyed.Iwasinarushtobedonewiththem,eagertogetbacktomyendlesslistoftasks.18Forabout15minuteseveryday,IrealizedthatIcouldslowdowntimeandforgeteverythingintheworld.Asmymind,eyesandhandsfocusedonasimpletaskthatwouldalwaysresultinsuccess,Ifoundpeace.Thoughthenewdishwasherarrivedeventually,Icontinuedtowashdishesbyhand.ThistaskbecamemorerelaxingandeducationalthanIcouldhaveimagined.19Frommykitchenwindow,Iwatchedtheseasonschange:thetomatoplantgrewinsummer,gaveitsfruitinfall,anddiedbackinwinter.Thennewgreenwasshowinginspring.Ikeptthesesightsinmind,thinkingontimeitself.Washingdishestaughtmetothinkofthecompletionofataskastheultimatereward,notpraiseoraprize.Ilearnedtobemorerelaxedaboutdeadlines.20

A．Itdefinitelyallowedmetorecover.B．NowIcanenjoywhatevertaskI’mdoing.C．Iwasrunningaroundstressedmostoftheday.D．Ittookawhileforthemodelweorderedtoarrive.E．Butanewdishwasherwasoutofourconsideration.F．Ishouldhaveaccomplishedthemwithevengreaterefforts.G．Washingdishes,though,causedanadmirabletransformationinme.二、完形填空Sinceyoung,Ihadneededtowriteasoneneedstobreathe,butsocialvaluesconvincedmethatwritingwasn’t21.Yetchainingmyselftoother22frightenedme.SoIsetfootonIcelandasanexchangestudent,givingmyselfonemoreyearto23whattodowithmylife.However,afteramonthoflivinginIceland,Iwasstillunaccustomed.Oneday,inclass,Istartedwritinga24onmynotebook.Outside,MountTindastóll’ssnowyheightswerelitinpinkfromthelatesunrise.Ibecameso25pressingitsbeautyintopaperthatIdidnot26myteacher,Geirlaugur,untilheclearedhisthroatandasked,“Poetry?”“Sorry,”Isaid.Geirlaugurcalledmetohisdeskthenextday.Iwasexpecting27,butinsteadhehandedmeacollectionofIcelandicnaturepoems.“Keepgoing,andyourworkwillbe28oneday.Onwards.”hetoldme.Fromthatdayon,myrelationshipwithIceland29.IthrewmyselfintoreadingIcelandicnovels,foundfriendshipand30,andrealizedthatIcelanders31writers.Onefriendtoldme32thatIcelandisanationofwriters:onein10wouldpublishabook.Iwouldnothavebecomea33wereitnotforIceland.She34myconfidenceintheworthinessofwriting.Hermountainsremainmy35.AndifIfeeltheolddoubt,IrememberGeirlaugur’svoice.“Onwards.”21.A．appealingB．addictiveC．worthyD．challenging22.A．professionsB．placesC．classesD．activities23.A．rememberB．decideC．changeD．escape24.A．recipeB．poemC．playD．report25.A．absorbedinB．skilledatC．usedtoD．concernedabout26.A．greetB．answerC．approachD．notice27.A．approvalB．criticismC．sympathyD．encouragement28.A．finishedB．analyzedC．publishedD．graded29.A．sufferedB．endedC．continuedD．shifted30.A．belongingB．wisdomC．patienceD．kindness31.A．trustB．envyC．ignoreD．respect32.A．secretlyB．coldlyC．proudlyD．hopefully33.A．teacherB．writerC．editorD．traveler34.A．renewedB．shookC．showedD．maintained35.A．dreamB．choiceC．inspirationD．destination三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。LocatedinthehistoricDashilanareaofBeijing’sQianmendistrict,theDaguanlouCinemaisoneoftheearliestcinemasinChinaandiscelebrated36thebirthplaceofChinesefilm,representingthelastinglegacy(遗产)ofcinematicartandmodern37(innovate).In1905,RenQingtai,ownerofFengtaiPhotoStudio,invitedPekingOperamasterTanXinpeitostarinanoperamovie38(name)DingjunMountain.Classicsceneslike“RequestingOrders,”“Swordplay,”and“Battle”39(film)assilentmovieparts.Thesewerefirstshownatthethen-calledDaguanlouTheateronDecember28,1905,40(mark)thebeginningofChinesecinema’sjourney.Today,theDaguanlouTheaterhasevolved(演变)intotheDaguanlouCinema,41groundfloorhostsalivingmuseum,displayingstillsfromDingjunMountain,classicposters,andhistoricalfilmprojectors.Walkingthrough,visitorscan42(direct)experiencethecentury-oldstoryofChinesecinema.Inrecentyears,beyonddevelopingfilm-relatedproducts,it43(establish)strongtieswiththeDashilanarea,emergingasadynamicmodelforculturaltourismthatattractsmanydomesticandoverseastouristswithits44(character)mixofmoviescreenings,shopping,andteaappreciation.Thecinema’sfusion(融合)oftheoldandthenewoffers45uniqueexperience,attractingyoungaudiencesseekingaconnectionwiththepastwhileenjoyingmoderncomfort.四、书信写作46.假定你是李华，你将参加学校最近一期英语沙龙的研讨“HandwrittenLetters:NecessaryintheDigitalAge?”。请你结合事例用英语写一篇发言稿，内容包括：(1)你的观点；(2)说明理由。注意：(1)写作词数应为80左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。Dearfellowstudents,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thankyou.五、书面表达47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。IhadspentfifteenyearsadvancinginmycorporatecareerinSeattle,butthecornerofficeandsix-figuresalaryhadleftmeempty.Whenmymarriageended,Idecideditwastimeforadifferentkindoflife.IboughtacottageintheIdahocountryside,andpreparedtostartover.Thepropertycamewithtwoelderlyneighborswhoselandborderedmyown.Arnoldwaseighty-five,withweatheredhandsfromalifetimeofwork.Renamovedslowlybesidehim.Theyhadamagnificentgarden—rowsoftomatoes,corn,andflowersineverycolor.ButInoticedrightawaythatitwassuffering.Theweedswerewinning,andsomerowslookeduntended.Oneafternoon,IfoundArnoldstrugglingtoliftabago