2026暑假英语语法-动词四大变形总述

2026暑假英语语法---动词四大变形总述中考动词四大变形总述动词四大变形：第三人称单数（三单）、现在分词(v-ing)、过去式、过去分词，覆盖一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、现在完成时核心考点，附变化规则、易错点、速记口诀、配套习题、核心单词总表、万能解题步骤。一、动词第三人称单数（一般现在时）完整变化规则普通动词：词尾直接加s例：Heworkshardeveryday.s/x/ch/sh/o结尾：词尾加es例：Mymotherwatchesnewseverynight./Hegoestoschoolbybike.辅音字母+y结尾：变y为i，再加es例：study→studies，fly→flies元音字母(a/e/i/o/u)+y结尾：直接加s，y不变例：play→plays，stay→stays特殊不规则变化（必考）：do→does；have→has高频易错警示photo、piano是名词，只有动词go、do才加es，不要混淆名词复数与动词三单；y结尾判断标准：看y前字母是辅音/元音，和单词长短无关。三单速记口诀s,x,ch,sh,o，词尾直接加es；辅y变i再加es，元y直接加s；特殊do变does，have变has要牢记。配套练习：写出动词三单workworksplayplaysstudystudieshelphelpswatchwatchesrunrunsswimswimssingsingsdancedanceseateatsdrinkdrinksgogoescomecomestaketakesmakemakeswritewritesreadreadsstopstopsflyfliesdrawdraws二、现在分词v-ing（现在进行时、非谓语）完整变化规则普通动词：直接加ing例：help→helping，sing→singing不发音哑e结尾：去e加ing例：dance→dancing，take→taking，make→making重读闭音节（辅+元+辅结尾）：双写末尾辅音再加ing高频词：run→running，swim→swimming，stop→stoppingie结尾动词：变ie为y，再加ing例：lie→lying，die→dying高频易错警示字母e发音的单词不去e：see→seeing，agree→agreeing；非重读闭音节不双写尾字母：open→opening，不可写成openning。v-ing速记口诀直接加ing，哑e必须去；辅元辅重读，双写别忘记；ie结尾换y用，特殊单词单独记。配套练习：写出动词-ing形式readreadingjumpjumpinglaughlaughingwashwashingwatchwatchinggetgettingsitsittingbeginbeginningwritewritingcloseclosingtaketakinghurryhurryingdrivedrivinguseusinghopehopingrunrunningshopshoppingplanplanningstopstoppingclimbclimbing三、过去式&过去分词（一般过去时、现在完成时核心）规则动词变化规则普通动词：直接加ed词尾已有字母e：只加d辅音+y结尾：变y为i，加ed元音+y结尾：直接加ed，y不变重读闭音节（辅+元+辅）：双写尾辅音再加ed中考必考不规则动词分类AAA型（原形=过去式=过去分词）read-read-read（读音变化/riːd/→/red/）；put-put-put；cut-cut-cutABA型（过去分词=原形）come-came-come；become-became-becomeABB型（过去式=过去分词）make-made-made；swim-swam-swum；sing-sang-sungdrink-drank-drunk；fly-flew-flown；draw-drew-drawnABC型（三形全部不同，易丢分）go-went-gone；take-took-taken；eat-ate-eaten；write-wrote-written易错警示现在完成时必须使用过去分词，很多学生误用过去式；只有重读辅元辅结构才双写，light、wait等单词无需双写。配套练习：分别写出过去式/过去分词talktalked/talkedenjoyenjoyed/enjoyedcarrycarried/carriedpushpushed/pushedpasspassed/passedsitsat/satdigdug/dugringrang/rungcloseclosed/closedleaveleft/leftfillfilled/filleddodid/donearrivearrived/arrivedwakewoke/wokenbuildbuilt/builtriderode/riddenbeatbeat/beatenshopshopped/shoppedworryworried/worriedgrowgrew/grown四、20个中考核心动词四大变形序号原形三单现在分词过去式过去分词1workworksworkingworkedworked2playplaysplayingplayedplayed3studystudiesstudyingstudiedstudied4helphelpshelpinghelpedhelped5watchwatcheswatchingwatchedwatched6runrunsrunningranrun7swimswimsswimmingswamswum8singsingssingingsangsung9dancedancesdancingdanceddanced10eateatseatingateeaten11drinkdrinksdrinkingdrankdrunk12gogoesgoingwentgone13comecomescomingcamecome14taketakestakingtooktaken15makemakesmakingmademade16writewriteswritingwrotewritten17readreadsreadingreadread18stopstopsstoppingstoppedstopped19flyfliesflyingflyingflown20drawdrawsdrawingdrewdrawn五、中考动词变形万能解题步骤步骤1：判断时态，锁定需要哪种变形一般现在时、主语三单→变第三人称单数；am/is/are/look/listen/enjoy/finish/practice后→变v-ing；一般过去时（yesterday/last…）→变过去式；have/has后面→必须填过去分词。步骤2：区分规则动词/不规则动词规则动词：对照对应变形规则变化；不规则动