2026年上半年临沂全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级全真模拟试题

2026年上半年临沂全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级全真模拟试题SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections:ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Therearethreepartsinthissection,PartA,PartBandPartC.PartAYouwillhearaconversationbetweenauniversitycareercounselorandastudent.Listenandcompletethesentencesbelow.Writenomorethanthreewordsforeachanswer.1.Thestudentiscurrentlymajoringin________.2.Thestudent’smainconcernisfindingajobthatoffers________ratherthanjustahighsalary.3.Thecounselorsuggestsapplyingforinternshipsduringthe________togainpracticalexperience.4.Thestudentneedstoupdatehisresumetohighlighthis________skills.5.Thecareerfairwilltakeplaceinthe________.PartBYouwillhearatalkaboutthehistoryanddevelopmentofartificialintelligence.Answerquestions6-10.ChoosethecorrectanswerA,B,C,orD.6.Whenwastheterm"artificialintelligence"officiallycoined?A)1945B)1956C)1972D)19857.Accordingtothespeaker,whatcausedthefirst"AIWinter"?A)Alackofpublicinterest.B)Insufficientfundingfromprivatecompanies.C)Disappointmentduetounmethighexpectations.D)Theemergenceofcompetingtechnologies.8.Whatwastheprimaryfunctionofearlyexpertsystemsinthe1980s?A)Tosimulatehumanemotions.B)Toprocessnaturallanguage.C)Tomimicthedecision-makingofhumanspecialists.D)Tocontrolindustrialrobots.9.Whatrecentadvancementhassignificantlyacceleratedthedevelopmentofdeeplearning?A)Theinventionofthemicroprocessor.B)TheavailabilityofmassivedatasetsandpowerfulGPUs.C)Thereductioninthecostofhumanlabor.D)Governmentregulationsontechnology.10.Whatisthespeaker'soverallattitudetowardsthefutureofAI?A)Highlypessimisticandfearful.B)Cautiouslyoptimistic.C)Completelyindifferent.D)Extremelycritical.PartCYouwillheartwointerviews.Listenandanswerquestions11-15.Interview1:Aninterviewwithamarinebiologistaboutcoralreefs.11.Whyarecoralreefsoftenreferredtoasthe"rainforestsofthesea"?A)Becausetheyarelocatedneartheequator.B)Becausetheysupportavastdiversityofmarinelife.C)Becausetheyproducealargeamountofoxygen.D)Becausetheyarebeingdestroyedatthesamerateasrainforests.12.Whatisthemainfactorcontributingtocoralbleaching?A)Overfishingintheregion.B)Risingoceantemperatures.C)Increasedboattraffic.D)Chemicalpollutionfromoilspills.13.Howdoesthebiologistsuggestindividualscanhelpprotectcoralreefs?A)Bydonatingmoneytomarineparks.B)Byreducingtheircarbonfootprint.C)Byvolunteeringtocleanbeaches.D)Byrefusingtoeatseafood.Interview2:Aninterviewwithanurbanplanneraboutsmartcities.14.Whatisthecoreconceptofa"smartcity"?A)Usingtechnologytoimprovethequalityofurbanlife.B)Buildingtallerandsmarterskyscrapers.C)Replacingallhumanworkerswithrobots.D)Encouragingcitizenstoworkfromhome.15.Whatconcerndosomecitizenshaveregardingsmartcityinitiatives?A)Theyaretooexpensivetomaintain.B)Theymightleadtoalossofprivacythroughdatacollection.C)Theywillmakethecitylessattractivetotourists.D)Theyrequirecitizenstolearncomplexcomputerprogramming.TranscriptforListeningComprehensionPartACounselor:Hello,Mark.Please,takeaseat.Iwaslookingoveryourfile.You’reajuniornow,majoringinEnvironmentalScience,isthatcorrect?Student:Yes,Mr.Davis.Andtobehonest,withgraduationjustayearaway,I’mstartingtofeelabitanxiousaboutmycareeroptions.Counselor:That’sperfectlynormal,Mark.Let’stalkaboutwhatyou’relookingfor.Isitthesalary,thelocation,orthespecificrole?Student:Well,obviouslysalarymatterseventually,butrightnow,mymainconcernisfindingajobthatoffersintellectualstimulation.IwanttobechallengedandtoactuallyapplywhatI’velearnedinmyclasses.Counselor:That’saverymatureperspective.Intheenvironmentalsector,practicalexperienceishighlyvalued.Istronglysuggestapplyingforinternshipsduringthewinterbreak.Manyenvironmentalagenciesandconsultancieslookfortemporaryresearchersduringthattime.Student:Ihadn’tthoughtofthewinterbreak.I’lllookintothat.Counselor:Also,beforeyoustartapplying,youneedtoupdateyourresume.Rightnow,it’sabitgeneric.Youneedtoupdateittohighlightyouranalyticalskills,especiallythoseGISprojectsyouworkedonlastsemester.Student:Goodpoint.I’llreviseitthisweekend.Bytheway,arethereanyupcomingeventsIshouldknowabout?Counselor:Yes,theannualcareerfairwilltakeplaceinthemainauditoriumnextThursday.IrecommendyouattendandspeakwiththerepresentativesfromtheDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection.Theyareusuallyveryreceptivetostudents.PartBToday,wedelveintothefascinatinghistoryofArtificialIntelligence,orAI.Theconceptofmachinesthinkinglikehumansdatesbacktoantiquity,buttheofficialterm"artificialintelligence"wasnotcoineduntil1956,attheDartmouthConference.ThismarkedthebirthofAIasadistinctfieldofstudy.Earlypioneerswereincrediblyoptimistic,believingthatafullyintelligentmachinewasjustacoupleofdecadesaway.However,theyseverelyunderestimatedthecomplexityofhumancognition.Bythe1970s,progressstalled.Fundingwasslashedbecausethesystemsofthetimefailedtomeetthewildlyhighexpectations.Thisperiodofstagnationisknownasthefirst"AIWinter".Thefieldexperiencedarevivalinthe1980swiththeintroductionof"expertsystems".Thesewerecomputerprogramsdesignedtomimicthedecision-makingabilitiesofahumanspecialist,likeadoctororageologist.Whileuseful,theywerelimitedbytheirlackofcommonsenseandinabilitytolearnfromnewdata.ThetruerevolutioninAIcameinthe2010swiththeriseofdeeplearning.Whatacceleratedthisdevelopment?Itwasn’tasuddenbreakthroughinalgorithms,butrathertheavailabilityofmassivedatasetsgeneratedbytheinternet,combinedwiththecomputingpowerofmodernGPUs.Thesetwofactorsallowedneuralnetworkstobetrainedeffectively.Lookingforward,whiletherearevalidconcernsabouttheethicalimplicationsofAI,Iremaincautiouslyoptimistic.ThepotentialforAItosolvesomeofhumanity’smostpressingproblems,fromclimatemodelingtomedicaldiagnosis,isunprecedented.PartCInterview1Host:TodaywehaveDr.SarahJenkins,arenownedmarinebiologist,totalkaboutcoralreefs.Dr.Jenkins,whyarecoralreefsoftenreferredtoasthe"rainforestsofthesea"?Dr.Jenkins:That’sagreatstartingpoint.Theyarecalledthatbecause,justliketropicalrainforests,coralreefssupportavastdiversityofmarinelife.Eventhoughtheycoverlessthanonepercentoftheoceanfloor,theyarehometoovertwenty-fivepercentofallmarinespecies.Host:It’salarmingtohearthatthesereefsaredisappearing.Whatistheprimarycause?Dr.Jenkins:Themainculpritiscoralbleaching,whichisdirectlycausedbyrisingoceantemperaturesduetoglobalwarming.Whenthewatergetstoowarm,coralsexpelthesymbioticalgaelivingintheirtissues,causingthemtoturncompletelywhite.Ifthetemperaturedoesn’treturntonormalquickly,thecoraldies.Host:Thatsoundsdevastating.Whatcantheaveragepersondotohelp?Dr.Jenkins:Itmightseemlikeanoceanproblem,butit’sdeeplytiedtoglobalcarbonemissions.Thebestthingindividualscandoistoreducetheircarbonfootprint.Simpleactionslikeusingpublictransportation,reducingenergyconsumptionathome,andsupportingrenewableenergyinitiativescanmakeabigdifferenceinthelongrun.Interview2Host:I’mjoinednowbyurbanplanner,DavidChen.David,theterm"smartcity"iseverywhere.Whatexactlydoesitmean?David:Atitscore,asmartcityisanurbanareathatusestechnologytoimprovethequalityofurbanlife.Thismeansusingsensorsanddataanalyticstomanagetrafficflow,reduceenergyconsumption,andimprovepublicserviceslikewastemanagement.Host:Itsoundslikeautopia,butarethereanydownsides?David:Yes,andit’samajorconcern.Themainissuecitizensraiseisthepotentiallossofprivacy.Tomakeacity"smart,"youneedtocollectanenormousamountofdata,whichofteninvolvestrackingcitizens'movementsandbehaviors.Ifthisdataisn'tsecuredproperlyorismisused,itcouldleadtosignificantprivacybreaches.Host:Sohowcancitiesbalanceefficiencyandprivacy?David:Throughtransparencyandstrongdataprotectionlaws.Citizensmustbeinformedaboutwhatdataisbeingcollectedandhowit’sbeingused,andtheremustbestrictlegalframeworksinplacetopreventabuse.SectionIIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordforeachnumberedblank.Theconceptofworkhasundergoneaprofoundtransformationinrecentyears.(1)______thetraditional9-to-5officejobisstillprevalent,thegigeconomyhasemergedasapowerfulforce,reshaping(2)______weviewemployment.Inagigeconomy,temporary,flexiblejobsarecommonplace,andcompaniestendtohireindependentcontractorsandfreelancers(3)______full-timeemployees.Thisshiftisdriven(4)______severalfactors,primarilytechnologicaladvancements.Digital(5)______havemadeiteasierthaneverforindividualstoconnectwithclientsglobally.Forworkers,theappealofgigworkliesinitsautonomy;theycanchoose(6)______towork,whentowork,andhowmuchtowork.However,thismodelisnot(7)______itsdrawbacks.Themostsignificantconcernisthelackofjobsecurityandemployment(8)______.Gigworkerstypicallydonotreceivehealthinsurance,paidsickleave,orretirement(9)______,leavingthemvulnerableduringeconomicdownturnsorpersonalemergencies.Furthermore,thegigeconomycanleadtoincome(10)______.Earningscanfluctuatewildlyfrommonthtomonth,makingitdifficultforindividualstobudgetorsecureloans.Thisfinancialinstabilityisastark(11)______tothepredictabilityofatraditionalsalary.Regulatorsarenowgrapplingwithhowtoaddresstheseissues.Somejurisdictionshaveintroducedlegislationto(12)______gigworkersasemployees,guaranteeingthembasiclaborrights.Thismovehasbeenmetwith(13)______fromgigeconomycompanies,whoarguethatitwillstifleinnovationandleadtohighercostsforconsumers.Ultimately,thegigeconomyreflectsabroadertrendtowardsamoreflexible,(14)______fragmented,labormarket.Balancingthedesireforflexibilitywiththeneedforworkerprotectionwillbeoneofthedefining(15)______ofthe21st-centuryeconomy.1.A)BecauseB)WhileC)SinceD)Unless2.A)howB)whyC)whatD)when3.A)insteadofB)thankstoC)inspiteofD)alongwith4.A)awayB)offC)byD)to5.A)strategiesB)platformsC)networksD)structures6.A)whereB)whichC)thatD)whether7.A)beyondB)withoutC)withinD)despite8.A)benefitsB)deficitsC)burdensD)attributes9.A)contributionsB)withdrawalsC)paymentsD)subsidies10.A)stabilityB)volatilityC)predictabilityD)prosperity11.A)similarityB)attachmentC)contrastD)addition12.A)defineB)classifyC)describeD)perceive13.A)resistanceB)applauseC)enthusiasmD)indifference14.A)soB)orC)andD)yet15.A)challengesB)achievementsC)obstaclesD)mysteriesSectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.Text1Thehumanbrainisanincrediblyadaptableorgan.Fordecades,neuroscientistsbelievedthatthebrain'sstructurewasrelativelyfixedafterchildhood.However,modernresearchhasproventhatthebrainishighlymalleable,acharacteristicknownasneuroplasticity.Thismeansthebraincanreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnectionsthroughoutlifeinresponsetolearning,experience,orinjury.Neuroplasticityisnotalwaysapositivephenomenon.Whileitallowsustolearnnewlanguages,recoverfromstrokes,oradapttochangingenvironments,itisalsothemechanismbehindaddictionandchronicpain.Whenwerepeatabehavior,thebrainreinforcestheneuralpathwaysassociatedwiththatbehavior,makingiteasiertoperformthenexttime.Inthecaseofsubstanceabuse,thebrainliterallyrewiresitselftocravethesubstance,makingrecoveryextremelydifficult.Oneofthemostfascinatingapplicationsofneuroplasticityisinthefieldofstrokerehabilitation.Whenastrokedamagesapartofthebraincontrollingmovementononesideofthebody,patientscansometimesregainfunctionthroughtargetedtherapies.Byrepeatedlyattemptingtousetheaffectedlimb,thepatientforcesthebraintoformnewneuralpathwaysinundamagedareas,effectivelybypassingthedamagedregion.Thisprocessrequiresimmenseeffortandrepetition,buttheresultscanbelife-changing.Understandingneuroplasticityalsohasimplicationsforeducation.Itsuggeststhatintelligenceisnotstrictlyfixedatbirth.Byadoptinga"growthmindset"—thebeliefthatabilitiescanbedevelopedthroughdedicationandhardwork—studentscanliterallychangethestructureoftheirbrains.Learningnew,complextasksincreasesthedensityofneuralconnections,highlightingtheimportanceoflifelonglearning.16.Accordingtothetext,whatisneuroplasticity?A)Thebrain'sinabilitytochangeafterchildhood.B)Thebrain'sabilitytoreorganizeitselfthroughoutlife.C)Theprocessoflosingmemoryduetoaging.D)Thephysicaldamagecausedbysubstanceabuse.17.Howdoesneuroplasticitycontributetoaddiction?A)Itweakenstheneuralpathwaysassociatedwiththebehavior.B)Itcreatesnewneuralpathwaysthatmakeithardertoperformthebehavior.C)Itreinforcesneuralpathwayswhenabehaviorisrepeated.D)Itforcesthebraintobypassdamagedregions.18.Instrokerehabilitation,howdopatientsregainmovement?A)Bytakingmedicationsthatrepairdamagedneurons.B)Byallowingthedamagedpartofthebraintorestcompletely.C)Byrepeatedlyusingtheaffectedlimbtoforcenewneuralpathways.D)Byundergoingsurgerytobypassthedamagedregion.19.Whatdoesthetextsuggestaboutintelligence?A)Itisstrictlydeterminedatbirthandcannotbechanged.B)Itcanbedevelopedthroughdedicationandhardwork.C)Itdecreasesasapersonlearnsnewtasks.D)Itissolelydependentonthedensityofneuralconnections.20.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Thebrainisafixedorganthatcannotbealtered.B)Neuroplasticityhasbothpositiveandnegativeimplications.C)Strokepatientscanneverfullyrecovertheirmovement.D)Lifelonglearningisimpossibleduetothebrain'sstructure.Text2Theriseofremoteworkhasnotonlychangedwherewework,butalsohowcitiesfunction.Duringthepandemic,manyurbandwellersfledcrowdedcitycentersforthespaciousnessofthesuburbsorruralareas,relyingonhigh-speedinternettomaintaintheircareers.Thisexodushasledtowhateconomistscallthe"doughnuteffect"inmajormetropolitanareas.Thedoughnuteffectdescribesaphenomenonwherecitycentershollowout,becomingthe"hole,"whilethesurroundingsuburbanandexurbanareasexperienceaboominpopulationandeconomicactivity,representingthe"doughnut."Commercialrealestateincitycentershassufferedimmensely.Officevacancyrateshaveskyrocketed,leadingtoadecreaseinancillarybusinesseslikecafes,restaurants,andretailshopsthatreliedonthedailyfoottrafficofofficeworkers.Conversely,suburbanareasareseeingarenaissance.Localbusinessesinthesuburbsarethrivingasremoteworkersspendtheirmoneyclosertohome.Demandforlargerhomeswithdedicatedofficespaceshasdrivenupsuburbanrealestateprices.Thisshiftpresentsasignificantchallengeforurbanplanners.Onemajorconcernisthetaxbase.Citiesrelyheavilyoncommercialpropertytaxesandtheincometaxesofdowntownworkers.Astheserevenuesdwindle,citiesmaystruggletofundpublicservices,includingtheverypublictransitsystemsthatmanyessentialworkersrelyon.Tocombatthis,somecitiesareconsideringconvertingemptyofficebuildingsintoresidentialunits.Whilethissoundslikeanelegantsolution,itisfraughtwithpracticaldifficulties.Officebuildingsoftenlackthenecessaryplumbingforresidentialliving,andthecostofretrofittingthemcanbeprohibitivelyexpensive.21.Whatisthe"doughnuteffect"asdescribedinthetext?A)Thegrowthofthebakeryindustryincitycenters.B)Thehollowingoutofcitycenterswhilesuburbsthrive.C)Theeconomicboominurbancommercialrealestate.D)Thecircularshapeofmodernurbanplanning.22.Whyhaveancillarybusinessesincitycenterssuffered?A)Becausepeopleareworkingfromhomeandnolongercommutedowntown.B)Becauseofincreasedtaxesinthecitycenters.C)Becausetheyhavemovedtothesuburbsthemselves.D)Becauseofalackofhigh-speedinternet.23.Whatisaconsequenceofthedoughnuteffectonurbantaxbases?A)Anincreaseincommercialpropertytaxrevenues.B)Adecreaseinfundingforpublicservicesandtransit.C)Anoverabundanceoffundsforresidentialdevelopment.D)Ashiftfromincometaxestosalestaxes.24.Whatisapracticaldifficultyinconvertingofficebuildingstoresidentialunits?A)Theyarelocatedtoofarfrompublictransit.B)Theydonothaveenoughnaturallight.C)Theyoftenlackthenecessaryplumbingforresidentialliving.D)Thegovernmentprohibitssuchconversions.25.Whatistheauthor'stoneregardingtheconversionofofficebuildings?A)Highlyenthusiasticandconfident.B)Cautiousandawareofthechallenges.C)Completelydismissiveoftheidea.D)Indifferenttotheurbanhousingcrisis.Text3Forcenturies,sleepwasconsideredapassivestate,atimewhenthebrainsimplyshutdowntorest.However,modernneurosciencehasrevealedthatsleepisahighlyactiveandcomplexprocesscrucialforphysicalandcognitivehealth.Oneofthemostimportantdiscoveriesinsleepscienceistheglymphaticsystem.Thissystemactsasthebrain'swasteclearancemechanism.Duringdeepsleep,thebrain'scellsshrinkslightly,allowingcerebrospinalfluidtoflushouttoxicbyproductsthataccumulateduringwakinghours.Oneofthesebyproductsisbeta-amyloid,aproteincloselyassociatedwithAlzheimer'sdisease.Therefore,chronicsleepdeprivationimpairsthisclearingprocess,potentiallyincreasingtheriskofneurodegenerativediseases.Sleepalsoplaysavitalroleinmemoryconsolidation.Whenwelearnsomethingnew,thememoryisinitiallyfragile.Duringthedifferentstagesofsleep,particularlyREM(RapidEyeMovement)sleep,thebrainprocessesandconsolidatesthesememories,transferringthemfromshort-termtolong-termstorage.Thisiswhyagoodnight'ssleepisoftenmorebeneficialforexampreparationthananall-nightcrammingsession.Furthermore,sleepisessentialforemotionalregulation.Theamygdala,thepartofthebrainresponsibleforprocessingemotions,ishighlyactiveduringREMsleep.Itappearsthatduringthisstage,thebrainprocessesemotionalexperiences,strippingawaytheintenseemotionalchargeofdifficultmemories,allowingustowakeupfeelingmorebalanced.Despitethesewell-documentedbenefits,modernsocietyoftentreatssleepasaluxuryratherthananecessity.Theglorificationofthe"hustleculture"andtheconstantexposuretobluelightfromscreenshaveledtowidespreadsleepdeprivation.26.Whatisthefunctionoftheglymphaticsystem?A)Toprocessandconsolidatememories.B)Toregulateemotionalresponses.C)Tocleartoxicbyproductsfromthebrain.D)Toproducebeta-amyloidproteins.27.Howdoessleepaffectmemory?A)Itmakesmemoriesmorefragile.B)Ittransfersmemoriesfromshort-termtolong-termstorage.C)Iterasesshort-termmemoriestomakeroomfornewones.D)Itimpairsthebrain'sabilitytolearnnewthings.28.WhathappensduringREMsleepregardingemotions?A)Theamygdalabecomescompletelyinactive.B)Thebraincreatesintenseemotionalresponsestonewsituations.C)Thebrainstripsawaytheemotionalchargeofdifficultmemories.D)Thebodyprocessesphysicalexhaustion.29.Accordingtothetext,whyissleepdeprivationcommoninmodernsociety?A)Becausepeopleareunawareoftheglymphaticsystem.B)Becauseof"hustleculture"andexposuretobluelightfromscreens.C)Becauseoftheincreaseinneurodegenerativediseases.D)BecauseREMsleepistooeasilyachieved.30.Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A)TheHistoryofSleepScienceB)HowtoPrepareforanExamC)TheDangersofHustleCultureD)TheCrucialRoleofSleepinHealthPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(31)Thedevelopmentofsustainableenergysourcesisnolongermerelyanicheinterestforenvironmentalists;ithasbecomeaneconomicimperativefornationsworldwide.Astheglobalpopulationcontinuestoexpand,thedemandforenergyisprojectedtoincreasebynearly50percentby2050.(32)Relyingexclusivelyonfossilfuelstomeetthissurgingdemandwouldnotonlyexacerbateclimatechangebutalsoleadtocatastrophicgeopoliticalconflictsoverdwindlingresources.Renewableenergytechnologies,suchassolarandwindpower,havemaderemarkablestridesinrecentyears.(33)Thecostofgeneratingelectricityfromsolarpanelshasplummetedbyover80percentinthelastdecade,makingitoneofthemostcost-effectiveenergysourcesavailabletoday.Despitetheseadvancements,thetransitiontoafullyrenewableenergygridpresentssignificantengineeringchallenges.Theprimaryissueisintermittency—thesundoesn'talwaysshine,andthewinddoesn'talwaysblow.(34)Toovercomethis,engineersaredevelopingadvancedenergystoragesolutions,includingmassivelithium-ionbatteriesandpumpedhydroelectricstorage,tostoreexcessenergygeneratedduringpeakproductiontimes.Furthermore,modernizingtheelectricalgridtohandledecentralizedenergyproductionrequiressubstantialinvestmentandsmarttechnology.(35)Ultimately,achievingasustainableenergyfuturewillrequireaconcertedeffortfromgovernments,privateindustries,andconsumers,demandingbothtechnologicalinnovationandashiftinsocietalvalues.SectionIVTranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.中国的高速铁路网络是世界上最发达的，占世界高速铁路总长度的三分之二以上。高铁不仅极大地缩短了城市之间的旅行时间，促进了区域经济一体化，而且也体现了中国在基础设施建设方面的卓越能力。在过去十年中，高铁技术取得了突飞猛进的发展，从引进国外技术逐渐转变为自主创新。如今，中国的高铁列车以其极高的安全性、准点率和舒适度而享誉全球。随着“一带一路”倡议的推进，中国的高铁技术正逐步走向世界，为全球基础设施互联互通做出了重要贡献。SectionVWritingDirections:Writeanessayofabout200wordsbasedonthefollowingtopic.Inrecentyears,thedevelopmentofArtificialIntelligence(AI)hassparkeddebatesaboutitsimpactonthejobmarket.SomepeoplebelieveAIwillcreatemorejobopportunities,whileothersfearitwillleadtomassiveunemployment.Writeanessaytodiscussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.1.DiscussthepositiveimpactofAIonemployment.2.DiscussthenegativeimpactofAIonemployment.3.Giveyourownopinionandexplainwhy.AnswerKeyandDetailedExplanationsSectionIListeningComprehensionPartA1.EnvironmentalScience解析：在对话中，学生明确说“majoringinEnvironmentalScience”。2.intellectualstimulation解析：学生说“mymainconcernisfindingajobthatoffersintellectualstimulation”。3.winterbreak解析：咨询师建议“applyingforinternshipsduringthewinterbreak”。4.analytical解析：咨询师提到“Youneedtoupdateittohighlightyouranalyticalskills”。5.mainauditorium解析：对话最后提到“theannualcareerfairwilltakeplaceinthemainauditorium”。PartB6.B解析：讲座中提到“theofficialterm'artificialintelligence'wasnotcoineduntil1956”。7.C解析：文中说明“Fundingwasslashedbecausethesystemsofthetimefailedtomeetthewildlyhighexpectations.Thisperiodofstagnationisknownasthefirst'AIWinter'”，即由于未能达到高期望而导致的失望。8.C解析：讲座中提到“expertsystems...designedtomimicthedecision-makingabilitiesofahumanspecialist”。9.B解析：文中指出“theavailabilityofmassivedatasetsgeneratedbytheinternet,combinedwiththecomputingpowerofmodernGPUs”加速了深度学习的发展。10.B解析：发言人最后说“Iremaincautiouslyoptimistic”，表示谨慎的乐观态度。PartC11.B解析：在采访1中，Dr.Jenkins说“coralreefssupportavastdiversityofmarinelife”，将其比作雨林。12.B解析：专家提到“Themainculpritiscoralbleaching,whichisdirectlycausedbyrisingoceantemperatures”。13.B解析：专家建议普通人“reducetheircarbonfootprint”。14.A解析：在采访2中，David解释“asmartcityisanurbanareathatusestechnologytoimprovethequalityofurbanlife”。15.B解析：David指出公民的主要担忧是“thepotentiallossofprivacythroughdatacollection”。SectionIIUseofEnglish1.B(While)解析：此处需要一个表示转折的连词。“传统9到5的工作仍然普遍，然而零工经济已经成为一种强大的力量”。While在此处意为“虽然，然而”，符合语境。2.A(how)解析：reshape后接宾语从句，连接词在从句中作方式状语，意为“重塑了我们如何看待就业”，故选how。3.A(insteadof)解析：公司倾向于雇佣独立承包商和自由职业者，而不是全职员工。insteadof意为“而不是”。4.C(by)解析：bedrivenby为固定搭配，意为“由……驱动”。5.B(platforms)解析：数字平台使得个人更容易与全球客户联系。platforms（平台）最符合语境。6.A(where)解析：工人们可以选择在哪里工作、何时工作以及工作多少。7.B(without)解析：然而，这种模式并非没有缺点。notwithout意为“并非没有”，构成双重否定表肯定。8.A(benefits)解析：最令人担忧的是缺乏工作保障和就业福利。employmentbenefits指就业福利。9.A(contributions)解析：零工工人通常没有健康保险、带薪病假或退休金缴纳（retirementcontributions）。10.B(volatility)解析：下文提到“Earningscanfluctuatewildly”（收入剧烈波动），这说明的是收入的波动性，即incomevolatility。11.C(contrast)解析：这种财务上的不稳定与传统薪水的可预测性形成了鲜明的对比。astarkcontrastto意为“与……形成鲜明对比”。12.B(classify)解析：一些司法管辖区引入了立法，将零工工人归类为雇员。classify...as...为固定搭配。13.A(resistance)解析：这一举动遭到了零工经济公司的抵制。resistance意为“抵抗，抵制”。14.D(yet)解析：更灵活且碎片化的劳动力市场。flexible和fragmented之间存在转折关系，故用yet连接。15.A(challenges)解析：在灵活性和工人保护之间取得平衡将是21世纪经济面临的重大挑战之一。challenges符合语境。SectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartAText116.B解析：细节题。文章第一段指出“thebrainishighlymalleable,acharacteristicknownasneuroplasticity”，并解释这意味着大脑可以在一生中通过形成新的神经连接来重组自己。17.C解析：细节题。第二段说明“Whenwerepeatabehavior,thebrainreinforcestheneuralpathwaysassociatedwiththatbehavior”，当我们重复某种行为时，大脑会强化相关的神经通路，这也是成瘾的机制。18.C解析：细节题。第三段提到“Byrepeatedlyattemptingtousetheaffectedlimb,thepatientforcesthebraintoformnewneuralpathwaysinundamagedareas”。19.B解析：推理题。最后一段提到“intelligenceisnotstrictlyfixedatbirth.Byadoptinga'growthmindset'...studentscanliterallychangethestructureoftheirbrains”，说明智力可以通过努力发展。20.B解析：主旨题。文章主要介绍了神经可塑性的概念，并分别列举了它在学习、中风康复（积极面）以及成瘾（消极面）方面的作用，故选B项全面概括了文章内容。Text221.B解析：细节题。第二段解释了“doughnuteffect”，即“citycentershollowout,becomingthe'hole,'whilethesurroundingsuburbanandexurbanareasexperienceaboom”，市中心空心化而郊区繁荣。22.A解析：推理题。第二段提到“Officevacancyrat