菏泽市全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级全真模拟试题(2026年上半年)

菏泽市全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级全真模拟试题(2026年上半年)SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections:ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Therearethreepartsinthissection:PartA,PartBandPartC.PartAForQuestions1-5,youwillhearatalkaboutthelatestdevelopmentsinrenewableenergy.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeonly1wordoranumberforeachblank.Youwillheartherecordingonlyonce.1.Theglobalinvestmentinsolarenergyreached________billiondollarslastyear.2.Thenewwindturbinemodelcanincreaseenergyoutputby________percent.3.GeothermalenergyisprimarilyextractedfromtheEarth's________.4.TheintegrationofAIintopowergridshasreducedenergywastageby________percent.5.Thespeakermentionsthatthecostofbatterystoragehasdroppedby________percentsince2015.PartBForQuestions6-10,youwillhearaconversationbetweenauniversityprofessorandastudentregardingaresearchproject.Whileyoulisten,completethesentencesoranswerthequestions.Usenomorethan3wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingonlyonce.Whatisthestudent'sprimaryresearchtopic?6.Theimpactofsocialmediaon________________.Whatisthestudent'smainconcernaboutthecurrentdata?7.Thesamplesizeistoo________________.Whatdoestheprofessorsuggestaddingtothemethodology?8.Conductingmoreface-to-face________________.Whenisthefinaldraftdue?9.Bytheendof________________.Wherewillthestudent'sresearchbepublished?10.Intheuniversity'sacademic________________.PartCYouwillhearthreedialoguesormonologues.Beforelisteningtoeachone,youwillhave5secondstoreadthequestionrelatedtoit.Whilelistening,answerthequestion.Youwillheareachpieceonlyonce.Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingmonologueaboutthehistoryofarchitecture.11.WhatwastheprimarybuildingmaterialusedinancientRomanarchitecture?[A]Wood[B]Stone[C]Concrete[D]Iron12.WhatwasthemainadvantageoftheRomanarchitecturalinnovation?[A]Itwascheapertoproduce.[B]Itallowedforlargerinteriorspaces.[C]Itwaslighterthantraditionalmaterials.[D]Itresistedearthquakesbetter.13.Accordingtothespeaker,whatledtothedeclineofRomanarchitecturaltechniques?[A]ThefalloftheRomanEmpire.[B]Thediscoveryofnewmaterials.[C]Ashiftinaestheticpreferences.[D]Economicdepression.Questions14-16arebasedonaconversationaboutanewenvironmentalpolicy.14.Whatisthemainpurposeofthenewcarbontaxpolicy?[A]Tofundrenewableenergyresearch.[B]Topenalizeheavyindustries.[C]Toreducecarbonemissions.[D]Tolowerfuelpricesforconsumers.15.Howdoesthemanfeelabouttheimplementationofthepolicy?[A]Heishighlyoptimistic.[B]Heissomewhatdoubtful.[C]Heiscompletelyindifferent.[D]Heisstronglyopposed.16.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthegovernmentshoulddonext?[A]Suspendthepolicyimmediately.[B]Providesubsidiesforaffectedbusinesses.[C]Lowerthetaxratesignificantly.[D]Launchapublicawarenesscampaign.Questions17-20arebasedonthefollowingnewsreportaboutspaceexploration.17.Whatisthemainobjectiveoftheupcomingspacemission?[A]TocollectsoilsamplesfromMars.[B]ToestablishapermanentbaseontheMoon.[C]Torepairabrokensatellite.[D]Totestanewspacecraftengine.18.Howlongisthemissionexpectedtolast?[A]Sixmonths.[B]Oneyear.[C]Twoyears.[D]Fiveyears.19.Whatisthemajortechnologicalbreakthroughmentionedinthereport?[A]Anewlifesupportsystem.[B]Afasterpropulsionsystem.[C]Aradiation-proofmaterial.[D]Anautonomousnavigationsystem.20.Whoisfundingthisspacemission?[A]Acoalitionofprivatecompanies.[B]TheUnitedNations.[C]Asinglenationalgovernment.[D]Aninternationalconsortiumofscientists.SectionIIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankfromthefourchoicesgiven.Theconceptoflifelonglearninghasevolvedfromaphilosophicalidealtoapracticalnecessityinthe21stcentury.Inaneracharacterizedbyrapidtechnologicaladvancementsandshiftingeconomiclandscapes,thenotionthateducationends21auniversitydegreeisincreasinglyobsolete.Themodernworkforcedemandsa22ofadaptabilityandcontinuousskillenhancement.Historically,thetrajectoryofaperson'scareerwaslargelylinear:onewouldacquireaspecific23ofskills,findajobinarelatedfield,andremaininthat24professionuntilretirement.However,the25ofautomationandartificialintelligencehasdisruptedthis26model.Jobsthatonceseemedsecurearenowsusceptibleto27,andnewrolesareemergingata28pace.Thisdynamicenvironment29thatindividualsmustadoptaproactiveapproachtotheirprofessionaldevelopment.Lifelonglearningisnot30toformaleducation,suchasenrollingindegreeprogramsorattendingseminars.It31encompassesinformallearningexperiences,suchasself-directedreading,onlinecourses,andpeer-to-peerknowledgesharing.Theinternethasdemocratizedaccesstoinformation,makingitpossibleforanyonewitha32toacquirenewknowledge.33,theabundanceofinformationalsopresentsachallenge:individualsmustdevelopcriticalthinkingskillsto34crediblesourcesfrommisinformation.Furthermore,thebenefitsoflifelonglearning35beyondmereprofessionaladvancement.Engagingincontinuouslearninghasbeenshownto36cognitivefunctionanddelaytheonsetofneurodegenerativediseases.Itfostersasenseof37andpurpose,particularlyamongolderadultswhomayfaceisolationafter38theworkforce.Inconclusion,thepursuitofknowledgethroughoutone'slifeisnolongera39choicebutanessentialstrategyforpersonalandprofessionalsurvival.Astheboundariesbetweenhumancapabilityandmachineefficiencycontinuetoblur,thewillingnesstolearn,unlearn,andrelearnwillbethedefining40ofthemodernera.21.[A]with[B]by[C]at[D]from22.[A]shortage[B]plethora[C]mindset[D]remnant23.[A]set[B]cluster[C]group[D]unit24.[A]differing[B]same[C]varying[D]distinct25.[A]rise[B]riseof[C]rising[D]arisen26.[A]traditional[B]radical[C]novel[D]unprecedented27.[A]obsolescence[B]innovation[C]creation[D]stability28.[A]deliberate[B]sluggish[C]unprecedented[D]gradual29.[A]dictates[B]compels[C]mandates[D]suggests30.[A]confined[B]restricted[C]limited[D]defined31.[A]however[B]also[C]moreover[D]thus32.[A]connection[B]computer[C]degree[D]network33.[A]Therefore[B]Furthermore[C]However[D]Consequently34.[A]differentiate[B]discern[C]distinguish[D]separate35.[A]extend[B]reach[C]stretch[D]go36.[A]deteriorate[B]stimulate[C]impair[D]maintain37.[A]belonging[B]alienation[C]superiority[D]identity38.[A]entering[B]joining[C]exiting[D]avoiding39.[A]temporary[B]permanent[C]luxurious[D]practical40.[A]flaw[B]characteristic[C]problem[D]dilemmaSectionIIIReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingtherightanswer.Text1Thedeepocean,thelargesthabitatonEarth,remainsoneofthemostmysteriousandunexploredfrontiers.Coveringmorethan70%oftheplanet'ssurface,theocean'sdepthsarehometoavastarrayofecosystemsthatarefundamentallydifferentfromthoseonland.Inrecentyears,advancementsinsubmersibletechnologyhaveallowedscientiststoventuredeeperthaneverbefore,revealingaworldofbizarrecreaturesandgeologicalformations.Oneofthemostsignificantdiscoveriesindeep-seaexplorationistheexistenceofhydrothermalvents.Theseunderwatergeysersspewsuperheated,mineral-richwaterintothefreezingoceandepths.Despitetheextremeconditions—totaldarkness,immensepressure,andscaldingtemperatures—theseventssupportthrivingecosystems.Unlikesurfaceecosystems,whichrelyonsunlightforphotosynthesis,ventecosystemsdependonaprocesscalledchemosynthesis.Bacteriaandarchaeaconvertthechemicalcompoundsfromtheventwaterintoenergy,formingthebaseofacomplexfoodwebthatincludesgianttubeworms,blindshrimp,anduniquecrabspecies.However,thesefragileecosystemsarefacinganunprecedentedthreat:deep-seamining.Asterrestrialmineralresourcesbecomescarcer,miningcompaniesareturningtheirattentiontotheoceanfloor.Theseabedaroundhydrothermalventsandonabyssalplainsisrichinvaluablemineralslikecopper,cobalt,andrareearthelements,whichareessentialformodernelectronicsandrenewableenergytechnologies.Theprospectofdeep-seamininghassparkedafiercedebatebetweenenvironmentalistsandindustryadvocates.Proponentsarguethatharvestingtheseresourcesisnecessaryforthetransitiontoagreeneconomy,aselectricvehiclesandwindturbinesrequirethesespecificmetals.Theycontendthattheoceanfloorcontainsenoughresourcestomeetglobaldemandforcenturies.Opponents,ontheotherhand,warnofcatastrophicecologicalconsequences.Thedeep-seaenvironmentischaracterizedbyextremelyslowgrowthratesandlowenergylevels.Asingleminingoperationcoulddestroyhabitatsthathavetakenmillenniatoform,andthesedimentplumescreatedbyminingequipmentcouldsmotherfilter-feedingorganismsovervastareas.Furthermore,thefullbiodiversityoftheseregionsisnotyetunderstood,meaningthatminingcouldleadtotheextinctionofspeciesbeforetheyareevendiscovered.Theinternationalcommunityiscurrentlygrapplingwithhowtoregulatethisemergingindustry,balancingtheneedforresourcesagainsttheimperativeofconservation.41.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimarydifferencebetweensurfaceecosystemsandhydrothermalventecosystems?[A]Surfaceecosystemsarelarger.[B]Ventecosystemsdonotrelyonsunlightforenergy.[C]Ventecosystemsaremorevulnerabletoextremetemperatures.[D]Surfaceecosystemshaveamorecomplexfoodweb.42.Whatisthemainargumentofdeep-seaminingproponents?[A]Itislessexpensivethanterrestrialmining.[B]Itwillhelpreducepollutioninthedeepocean.[C]Itisessentialfordevelopinggreentechnologies.[D]Itwillcreatejobsincoastalcommunities.43.Theword"smother"inthefifthparagraphmostlikelymeans:[A]toprovidenutrientsto[B]tocoveranddepriveofoxygen[C]toencouragethegrowthof[D]torelocatetoasaferenvironment44.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthedeep-seaenvironmentfromthepassage?[A]Itishighlyresilientandrecoversquicklyfromdisturbances.[B]Itisfullymappedanditsspeciesarewelldocumented.[C]Itishighlysensitivetohumaninterference.[D]Itisunsuitableforanyformoflifeduetoextremeconditions.45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?[A]Toadvocatefortheimmediatebanofdeep-seamining.[B]Toexplainthegeologicalprocessesofhydrothermalvents.[C]Topresenttheconflictbetweenresourceextractionandconservationinthedeepsea.[D]Todescribethetechnologicaladvancementsinsubmersiblevehicles.Text2Theconceptofauniversalbasicincome(UBI)hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsasapotentialsolutiontotheeconomicdisruptionscausedbyautomationandglobalization.UBIisagovernmentprograminwhicheverycitizenreceivesaregular,unconditionalsumofmoney,regardlessofemploymentstatusorwealth.Whiletheideadatesbackcenturies,ithasmovedfromthefringesofeconomictheorytomainstreampoliticaldiscourse.ProponentsofUBIarguethatitprovidesasafetynetinanerawheretraditionalemploymentisincreasinglyprecarious.Asmachinesandartificialintelligencetakeoverroutinetasks,manyjobswillbecomeobsolete.UBI,supportersclaim,wouldalleviatepoverty,reduceinequality,andgiveindividualsthefreedomtopursueeducation,caregiving,orentrepreneurialventureswithouttheconstantpressureofbasicsurvival.Furthermore,itcouldsimplifythewelfaresystembyreplacingacomplexwebofmeans-testedbenefitswithasingle,straightforwardpayment.Critics,however,raisesubstantialconcerns.Themostprominentobjectionisthecost.ImplementingaUBIsufficienttocoverbasiclivingexpenseswouldrequiremassivetaxincreasesordrasticcutstoothergovernmentservices.Economistsworrythatthiscouldleadtoinflation,negatingthepurchasingpowerofthedistributedfunds.Anothermajorcriticismisthepotentialimpactonlaborincentives.Opponentsarguethatanunconditionalincomemightdiscouragepeoplefromworking,leadingtoadecreaseinproductivityandeconomicstagnation.Theysuggestthatworkisnotmerelyasourceofincomebutalsoasourceofsocialconnection,purpose,anddiscipline.Removingthefinancialnecessitytoworkcould,paradoxically,leadtosocietalalienationandalossofhumancapital.Toresolvethesequestions,severalcountriesandmunicipalitieshavelaunchedpilotprogramstotesttheeffectsofUBI.Theresultsoftheseexperimentshavebeenmixedandoftendifficulttointerpret.Somestudiesshowimprovementsinwell-beingandmentalhealth,withonlyslightreductionsinemployment,primarilyamongnewmothersandteenagerswhousedthetimeforeducation.Othertrials,however,havebeenlessconclusive,showingminimallong-termeconomicbenefitsandfailingtoaddresstherootcausesofstructuralunemployment.ThedebateoverUBIultimatelytouchesonfundamentalquestionsaboutthenatureofwork,theroleofthestate,andthedistributionofwealthinmodernsociety.46.Accordingtothepassage,whyisUBIbeingconsideredasasolutionnow?[A]Becauseitisatraditionalgovernmentpolicy.[B]Becauseemploymentisbecominglessstableduetoautomation.[C]Becauseithasbeenproventoincreaseeconomicgrowth.[D]Becauseitsimplifiesthetaxcollectionsystem.47.WhatisoneoftheprimaryconcernsofUBIcriticsregardinglabor?[A]Itmightcauseinflationinthejobmarket.[B]Itcouldreducethemotivationtowork.[C]Itwouldforcepeopletotakelow-payingjobs.[D]Itwouldincreasetheretirementage.48.WhatdidsomepilotprogramsofUBIrevealaboutemployment?[A]Employmentratesdroppeddrasticallyacrossalldemographics.[B]Thereductioninworkwasmainlyseenamongspecificgroups.[C]Itledtoasignificantincreaseinentrepreneurialventures.[D]Mostparticipantsstoppedworkingentirely.49.Theword"precarious"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:[A]secure[B]dangerous[C]unstable[D]profitable50.Whatistheauthor'soverallattitudetowardtheUBIdebate?[A]Stronglysupportive[B]Highlycritical[C]Neutralandinformative[D]CautiouslyoptimisticText3Theproliferationofdigitaltechnologyhasprofoundlyalteredthelandscapeofhumanmemory.Beforetheinternet,rememberingfactsrequiredinternalcognitiveeffort.Today,searchenginesandsmartphonesactasexternalmemorybanks,aphenomenonpsychologistscallthe"GoogleEffect"ordigitalamnesia.Peopleareincreasinglyrelyingontheinternettostoreinformation,leadingtoobservablechangesinhowourbrainsencodeandretrievedata.Inalandmarkstudy,researchersfoundthatwhenindividualsexpecttohaveaccesstoinformationinthefuture,theyaresignificantlylesslikelytoremembertheinformationitself.Instead,theyrememberwheretofindit.Thissuggeststhathumanmemoryisnotsimplyarepositoryoffactsbutadynamicsystemthatprioritizesthelocationofinformationovertheinformationitselfwhenexternalstorageisavailable.Thebrainadaptstoitsenvironment,offloadingcognitiveburdentoexternaldevices.Whilesomecriticsdecrythisasadeclineinhumanintelligence,othersviewitasanaturalevolutionarystep.Historically,humanshavealwaysusedexternaltoolstoaidmemory,fromtheinventionofwritingtotheprintingpress.Theinternetismerelythemostrecentandpowerfuliterationofthisprocess.Byoutsourcingroutinefactstothecloud,theargumentgoes,individualsfreeupcognitiveresourcesforhigher-orderthinking,suchasproblem-solving,criticalanalysis,andcreativesynthesis.However,thereisacriticalcaveat.Theconvenienceofdigitalmemorycomeswithahiddencost.Whenwerelyonalgorithmstocurateandretrieveinformation,webecomedependentonthecompaniesthatcontroltheseplatforms.Searchenginealgorithmsarenotneutral;theyaredesignedtoprioritizecertaintypesofcontentbasedonprofitabilityanduserengagement.Thismeansthatour"externalmemory"isheavilyfilteredandcanbeinfluencedbycommercialinterests.Furthermore,thelossofinternalizedknowledgecanimpairourabilitytothinkcritically,asdeepanalysisoftenrequiresafoundationalbaseofmemorizedfactstomakeconnectionsbetweenseeminglyunrelatedconcepts.Ultimately,thedigitaltransformationofmemorypresentsadouble-edgedsword.Whileitundeniablyenhancesouraccesstothesumofhumanknowledge,italsochallengesourcognitiveautonomy.Navigatingthisnewlandscaperequiresnotjusttechnologicalliteracy,butalsothecultivationofinternalmemorypracticestoensureourcognitiveindependence.51.Whatisthe"GoogleEffect"asdescribedinthepassage?[A]Theimprovementofsearchenginealgorithmsovertime.[B]Thetendencytoforgetinformationthatcanbefoundonline.[C]Theincreaseinhumanmemorycapacityduetointernetuse.[D]Therelianceondigitaldevicesformathematicalcalculations.52.Accordingtothestudymentionedinthepassage,whatdopeopletendtorememberwhentheyexpectfutureaccesstoinformation?[A]Thespecificdetailsoftheinformation.[B]Theauthoroftheinformation.[C]Thelocationwheretheinformationcanbefound.[D]Thedatetheinformationwaspublished.53.Howdosomeresearchersviewtheoutsourcingofmemorytotheinternet?[A]Asasignofcognitivedecline.[B]Asanaturalprogressionsimilartotheinventionofwriting.[C]Asathreattohumancreativity.[D]Asanunnaturaldisruptionofbrainfunction.54.Whatisthe"hiddencost"ofrelyingondigitalmemory?[A]Itcausesphysicaldamagetothebrain.[B]Itmakespeoplepayforaccessingbasicinformation.[C]Itexposesuserstocomputerviruses.[D]Itsubjectsourexternalmemorytoalgorithmicfilteringandcommercialinterests.55.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestisnecessarytonavigatethenewlandscapeofdigitalmemory?[A]Completelyabandoningtheuseofsearchengines.[B]Memorizingallthefactsfoundontheinternet.[C]Cultivatinginternalmemorypracticestomaintaincognitiveautonomy.[D]Regulatingsearchenginecompaniesstrictly.Text4Quantumcomputingrepresentsafundamentalshiftintheparadigmofcomputation.Unlikeclassicalcomputers,whichusebitstoprocessinformationaseithera0ora1,quantumcomputersusequantumbits,orqubits.Qubitsleveragetheprinciplesofquantummechanics,specificallysuperpositionandentanglement,toexistinmultiplestatessimultaneously.Thisallowsquantumcomputerstoprocessavastnumberofpossibilitiesatonce,potentiallysolvingcomplexproblemsthatarecurrentlyintractableforeventhemostpowerfulclassicalsupercomputers.Thepowerofaquantumcomputergrowsexponentiallywiththenumberofqubits.ThecomputationalcapacityCofasystemwithnqubitsisgivenbytheformulaC=However,qubitsarehighlysensitivetotheirenvironment.Aslightchangeintemperatureorelectromagneticfieldcancauseaqubittoloseitsquantumstate,aphenomenonknownasdecoherence.Thismakesmaintainingthestabilityofaquantumcomputeranimmenseengineeringchallenge.Researchersarecurrentlyexploringvariousphysicalimplementationsforqubits,includingtrappedions,superconductingcircuits,andtopologicalqubits,eachwithitsownadvantagesanddrawbacks.Oneofthemostanticipatedapplicationsofquantumcomputingisinthefieldofcryptography.Currentencryptionmethods,suchasRSA,relyonthefactthatclassicalcomputerscannotefficientlyfactorlargenumbers.Asufficientlypowerfulquantumcomputer,usingShor'salgorithm,couldbreaktheseencryptionsinafractionofthetime,posingasignificantthreattoglobaldigitalsecurity.Conversely,quantummechanicsalsooffersasolution:quantumkeydistribution(QKD)providesatheoreticallyunbreakablemethodofencryption,asanyattempttointerceptthekeyaltersitsquantumstate,alertingthecommunicatingpartiestothepresenceofaneavesdropper.Beyondcryptography,quantumcomputingholdsimmensepromisefordrugdiscovery,materialsscience,andclimatemodeling.Simulatingmolecularinteractionsisanaturallyquantummechanicalproblem,andclassicalcomputersstruggletodothisaccuratelyforcomplexmolecules.Quantumcomputers,however,cannativelysimulatethesesystems,potentiallyleadingtobreakthroughsinmedicineandthedevelopmentofnewmaterials.Despitetheimmensepotential,practical,large-scalequantumcomputersarestillyearsaway,andovercomingthecurrenttechnicalhurdleswillrequiresustainedinvestmentandscientificinnovation.56.Whatisthefundamentaldifferencebetweenclassicalbitsandqubits?[A]Classicalbitscanprocessinformationfaster.[B]Qubitscanonlyexistinastateof0or1.[C]Qubitscanexistinmultiplestatessimultaneouslyduetosuperposition.[D]Classicalbitsrelyonquantummechanics.57.Accordingtotheformulaprovidedinthepassage,howmanycomputationalstatescanaquantumcomputerwith5qubitsrepresentsimultaneously?[A]16[B]25[C]32[D]6458.Whatcausesaqubittoloseitsquantumstate?[A]Excessivecooling[B]Interactionwiththeenvironment,suchastemperaturechanges[C]TheuseofShor'salgorithm[D]Applicationofclassicalencryption59.Howdoesquantumkeydistribution(QKD)ensuresecurecommunication?[A]Bymakingthekeymathematicallyimpossibletoguess.[B]Byalertingusersifthekeyisintercepted,asinterceptionaltersthequantumstate.[C]Byusingextremelylargenumberstopreventfactorization.[D]Bychangingtheencryptionkeyeveryfewseconds.60.Whyarequantumcomputersbettersuitedforsimulatingmolecularinteractionsthanclassicalcomputers?[A]Becausemolecularinteractionsarenaturallyquantummechanical.[B]Becausequantumcomputersprocessdataathigherclockspeeds.[C]Becauseclassicalcomputerslacksufficientmemory.[D]Becausequantumcomputershavebeenusedindrugdiscoveryfordecades.SectionIVTranslationTranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.Therapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligence(AI)hasbroughtaboutunprecedentedopportunitiesandchallengesacrossvarioussectorsofsociety.Inhealthcare,AIalgorithmsarebeingutilizedtoanalyzemedicalimageswithremarkableaccuracy,oftendetectingdiseasesearlierthanhumanphysicians.Thisnotonlyimprovespatientoutcomesbutalsosignificantlyreducestheburdenonmedicalprofessionals.However,thewidespreadapplicationofAIalsoraisesprofoundethicalandlegalquestions.The"blackbox"natureofsomeAIsystemsmakesitdifficulttounderstandhowdecisionsaremade,leadingtoconcernsaboutaccountabilityandtransparency.IfanAIsystemmisdiagnosesapatient,determiningwhoisatfault—thedeveloper,thehospital,orthemachineitself—becomesacomplexlegaldilemma.Therefore,establishingcomprehensiveregulatoryframeworksisessentialtoensurethatAItechnologiesaredeployedresponsiblyandethically,balancingtechnologicalinnovationwiththeprotectionofhumanrightsandsocietalvalues.SectionVWritingDirections:Somepeoplebelievethatthewidespreaduseofautonomousvehicles(self-drivingcars)willsignificantlyimproveroadsafetyandreducetrafficcongestion.OthersarguethatrelyingonAIfordrivingposessignificantethicalandsafetyrisks,suchasalgorithmicfailuresandmoraldilemmasinunavoidableaccidents.Writeanessayof160-200wordsonthefollowingtopic:TheProsandConsofAutonomousVehiclesYoushouldwriteyouressayontheAnswerSheet.Youressayshouldinclude:1.Abriefdescriptionofthecurrentsituationregardingautonomousvehicles.2.Thebenefitsofadoptingautonomousvehicles.3.Thepotentialrisksandchallenges.4.Yourpersonalopiniononthefutureofautonomousvehicles.AnswerKeyandDetailedExplanationsSectionIListeningComprehensionPartA1.500Explanation:Thespeakermentionstheexactfigureofglobalinvestmentinsolarenergy.2.15Explanation:Thenewwindturbinemodelisstatedtoincreaseenergyoutputby15percent.3.crustExplanation:GeothermalenergyisextractedfromtheEarth'scrust.4.20Explanation:AIintegrationintopowergridsreducedenergywastageby20percent.5.40Explanation:Thecostofbatterystoragehasdroppedby40percentsince2015.PartB6.interpersonalcommunicationExplanation:Thestudentstatesthattheirresearchfocusesonhowsocialmediaaffectsinterpersonalcommunication.7.limitedExplanation:ThestudentexpressesconcernthatthecurrentsamplesizeistoolimitedtodrawmeaningfulerviewsExplanation:Theprofessorsuggestsaddingface-to-faceinterviewstogathermorequalitativedata.9.NovemberExplanation:TheprofessorconfirmsthatthefinaldraftisduebytheendofNovember.10.journalExplanation:Theprofessormentionsthatthebestresearchwillbepublishedintheuniversity'sacademicjournal.PartC11.[C]ConcreteExplanation:ThemonologueexplicitlystatesthattheRomanswerethefirsttouseconcreteextensivelyintheirarchitecture.12.[B]Itallowedforlargerinteriorspaces.Explanation:ConcretearchitectureallowedtheRomanstobuilddomesandarches,creatinglargerunobstructedinteriorspaceswithouttheneedforcolumns.13.[A]ThefalloftheRomanEmpire.Explanation:ThespeakernotesthattheknowledgeofmakingRomanconcretewaslostafterthefalloftheRomanEmpire.14.[C]Toreducecarbonemissions.Explanation:Theconversationmakesclearthattheprimarypurposeofthecarbontaxistoincentivizecompaniestoreducetheircarbonfootprint.15.[B]Heissomewhatdoubtful.Explanation:Themanquestionswhetherthepolicywillbeeffectivelyenforcedandwhetheritwillplacetooheavyaburdenonsmallbusinesses.16.[B]Providesubsidiesforaffectedbusinesses.Explanation:Thewomanbelievesthegovernmentshouldofferfinancialsupporttohelpbusinessestransitiontogreenertechnologies.17.[A]TocollectsoilsamplesfromMars.Explanation:Thenewsreportstatesthemission'smaingoalistoretrieveMartiansoilsamplestosearchfors