全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级全真模拟试题(2026年上半年陕西西安市)

全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级全真模拟试题(2026年上半年陕西西安市)SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections:ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.Therearethreepartsinthissection,PartA,PartBandPartC.Remember,whileyouaredoingthetest,youshouldfirstputdownyouranswersinyourtestbooklet.Attheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsection,youwillhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET1.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youmayraiseyourhandNOWasyouwillnotbeallowedtospeakoncethetesthasstarted.NowlookatPartAinyourtestbooklet.PartAYouwillhearaconversationbetweenastudent,David,andhisacademicadvisor,Dr.Smith.Listenandcompletethesentencesinquestions1-5withtheinformationyouhaveheard.Writenotmorethanthreewordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthequestions.1.Davidiscurrentlyexperiencingdifficultiesinmanaginghistimebetweenstudiesandhisnewroleasa__________.2.Dr.SmithsuggeststhatDavidshouldprioritizehistasksbasedontheirurgencyand__________.3.TheuniversityworkshopDavidisadvisedtoattendwillfocusonstressmanagementand__________techniques.4.AccordingtoDr.Smith,takingregularbreakscansignificantlyimproveastudent'soverall__________.5.Davidpromisestosubmitthedraftofhisthesisbynext__________.PartBYouwillhearatalkaboutthehistoryanddevelopmentofartificialintelligence.Answerquestions6-10whilelistening.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave30secondstoreadthequestions.6.Whatwastheprimaryfocusofearlyartificialintelligenceresearchinthe1950s?[A]Solvingcomplexmathematicalproblems.[B]Creatinggeneralproblem-solvingalgorithms.[C]Simulatinghumanemotionalresponses.[D]Developingnaturallanguageprocessingsystems.7.Accordingtothespeaker,whatcausedthe"AIWinter"inthe1970s?[A]Alackofinterestfromthescientificcommunity.[B]Insufficientcomputingpowerandoverlyambitiousexpectations.[C]Theemergenceofcompetingtechnologies.[D]Governmentregulationsoncomputerresearch.8.HowdidtheintroductionofmachinelearningchangethefieldofAI?[A]Itallowedcomputerstolearnfromdatawithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed.[B]Itmadecomputersrunmuchfasterthanbefore.[C]Itreducedthecostofmanufacturingcomputerhardware.[D]Itenabledcomputerstounderstandhumanemotionsperfectly.9.Whatisthespeaker'sattitudetowardsthefutureofAI?[A]Highlypessimistic.[B]Cautiouslyoptimistic.[C]Completelyindifferent.[D]Extremelycritical.10.Whatdoesthespeakerimplyaboutdeeplearning?[A]Itisacompletelyoutdatedtechnology.[B]Itrequiresmassiveamountsofdataandcomputationalresources.[C]Itisonlyapplicabletothefieldofimagerecognition.[D]Itwillsoonreplacehumanintelligenceinallfields.PartCYouwillheartwodialoguesormonologues.Beforelisteningtoeachone,youwillhavetimetoreadthequestionsrelatedtoit.Whilelistening,answerthequestionsorcompletethesentences.Youwillheareachpiecetwice.Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingconversationbetweentwocolleagues,SarahandMark,aboutamarketingproject.11.WhatisthemainproblemSarahandMarkarediscussing?[A]Themarketingbudgethasbeensignificantlyreduced.[B]Thenewadvertisingcampaignisnotattractingthetargetaudience.[C]Themarketingteamlackssufficientpersonnel.[D]Theproductlaunchhasbeendelayedbytheproductiondepartment.12.WhatdoesMarksuggestdoingtoaddresstheproblem?[A]Hiringanewadvertisingagency.[B]Conductingmoreextensivemarketresearch.[C]Focusingtheireffortsonsocialmediamarketing.[D]Changingthetargetdemographictoolderconsumers.13.HowdoesSarahinitiallyreacttoMark'ssuggestion?[A]Sheisfullysupportiveandreadytoimplementitimmediately.[B]Sheisskepticalbecausetheyhavetrieditbeforewithoutsuccess.[C]Shethinksitisagoodideabutworriesaboutthecost.[D]Shebelievesitwilltaketoomuchtimetoseetheresults.Questions14-16arebasedonthefollowingmonologueabouttheimportanceofsleep.14.Accordingtothespeaker,whathappenstothebrainduringdeepsleep?[A]Itstopsprocessinginformationentirely.[B]Itconsolidatesmemoriesandclearsouttoxins.[C]Itbeginstoshutdownnon-essentialfunctions.[D]Itfocusesonprocessingemotionalresponses.15.WhatdidthestudyattheUniversityofCaliforniafindaboutsleepdeprivation?[A]Ithasnoeffectonaperson'sphysicalhealth.[B]Itcanleadtoimmediateweightloss.[C]Itimpairscognitivefunctionsimilarlytoalcoholintoxication.[D]Itimprovesshort-termmemoryrecall.16.Whatadvicedoesthespeakergiveattheendofthetalk?[A]Peopleshouldsleepforatleasttenhoursanight.[B]Peopleshouldavoidusingelectronicdevicesbeforebedtime.[C]Peopleshouldtakesleepingpillstoensuredeepsleep.[D]Peopleshouldconsumecaffeinetostayawakeduringtheday.Questions17-20arebasedonaconversationbetweenatouristandahotelreceptionist.17.Whatistheman'smaincomplaintabouthisroom?[A]Theroomistoosmallforhisfamily.[B]Theairconditioningisnotworkingproperly.[C]Theviewfromthewindowisobstructed.[D]Theroomhasnotbeencleanedsincehecheckedin.18.Whatdoesthereceptionistoffertodofirst?[A]Sendamaintenanceworkertofixtheproblemimmediately.[B]Upgradethemantoasuiteatnoextracharge.[C]Refundtheman'smoneyforthefirstnight.[D]Providethemanwithaportablefan.19.Whycan'tthemanacceptthereceptionist'sfirstoffer?[A]Hehasalreadypackedhisbagsandisreadytoleave.[B]Heisexpectingavisitorinhiscurrentroom.[C]Heneedstoworkandcannotwaitforthemaintenanceworker.[D]Hebelievestheproblemcannotbefixed.20.Whatisthefinalresolutiontotheproblem?[A]Themanwillbemovedtoadifferentroomonthesamefloor.[B]Themanwillbemovedtoaroomonahigherfloor.[C]Thereceptionistwillcallanexternalrepairservice.[D]Themanwillcheckoutandfindanotherhotel.SectionIIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordforeachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.Theconceptofworkhasundergonearadicaltransformationoverthepastdecade.Thetraditional9-to-5officejob,oncethecornerstoneofprofessionallife,isincreasinglybeing21byremoteworkandthegigeconomy.Thisshifthasbeen22bytechnologicaladvancements,changingculturalattitudes,andmorerecently,theglobalpandemicwhichactedasapowerful23forwidespreadadoption.Whilethebenefitsofremoteworkarewell-documented,includingincreasedflexibilityandthe24ofdailycommutes,italsopresentsuniquechallenges.Oneofthemostsignificantissuesisthe25ofboundariesbetweenprofessionalandpersonallife.Whenthehomebecomestheoffice,employeesoftenfinditdifficultto"switchoff,"leadingtohigherlevelsofstressand26burnout.Employers,27,mustadapttheirmanagementstylestoensureproductivitywithout28employeewell-being.Trustbecomesacriticalcomponent,asmanagerscannot29monitortheirstaffinperson.Insteadoffocusingonhoursloggedatadesk,performancemustbe30ontangibleoutcomesanddeliverables.Furthermore,thelossof31officeinteractionscanimpactteamcohesionandspontaneousinnovation.Thecasualconversationsbythecoffeemachine,knownas"watercoolermoments,"oftenleadtocreativeideasandasenseof32withinacompany.Tomitigatethis,manyorganizationsareadopting33workmodels,whereemployeessplittheirtimebetweenthehomeandtheoffice.Thisapproachattemptstocombinethe34ofbothworlds:thefocusandflexibilityofremotework,alongsidethecollaborativespiritofthe35environment.However,thegigeconomyrepresentsanevenmoreprofound36totraditionalemployment.Freelancersandindependentcontractorsenjoyunparalleledautonomy,butthey37thesafetynetsprovidedbyconventionalemployment,suchashealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementplans.Asthissegmentoftheworkforcegrows,thereisanincreasing38frompolicymakerstoestablishnewlaborprotectionsthatreflecttherealitiesofmodernwork.Thechallengeliesincreatingregulationsthatoffer39withoutstiflingtheflexibilitythatmakesgigworkappealinginthefirstplace.40,thefutureofworkisnotadestination,butanongoingevolutionthatrequirescontinuousadaptationfrombothindividualsandinstitutions.21.[A]replaced[B]displaced[C]substituted[D]exchanged22.[A]accelerated[B]decelerated[C]accompanied[D]eliminated23.[A]catalyst[B]barrier[C]remedy[D]consequence24.[A]extension[B]elimination[C]duration[D]expansion25.[A]establishment[B]enforcement[C]blurring[D]drawing26.[A]eventually[B]temporarily[C]subsequently[D]consequently27.[A]incontrast[B]ontheotherhand[C]asaresult[D]bytheway28.[A]promoting[B]compromising[C]enhancing[D]restoring29.[A]physically[B]virtually[C]mentally[D]artificially30.[A]relied[B]focused[C]evaluated[D]depended31.[A]spontaneous[B]deliberate[C]scheduled[D]formal32.[A]hierarchy[B]belonging[C]isolation[D]competition33.[A]remote[B]hybrid[C]traditional[D]flexible34.[A]benefits[B]drawbacks[C]aspects[D]disadvantages35.[A]domestic[B]virtual[C]corporate[D]public36.[A]threat[B]departure[C]approach[D]solution37.[A]retain[B]maintain[C]lack[D]provide38.[A]pushback[B]demand[C]resistance[D]indifference39.[A]rigidity[B]security[C]autonomy[D]instability40.[A]Therefore[B]However[C]Moreover[D]UltimatelySectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Deep-seaexplorationhasalwaysbeenafieldshroudedinmysteryandfraughtwithimmensetechnicalchallenges.Thecrushingpressureoftheabyssopelagiczone,wheretemperatureshovernearfreezingandsunlightneverpenetrates,createsanenvironmenthostiletobothhumansandmostconventionalequipment.Yet,recentadvancementsinautonomousunderwatervehicles(AUVs)andremotelyoperatedvehicles(ROVs)haveopenedupanewfrontierofmarinediscovery.Theseroboticexplorerscanwithstandpressuresthatwouldinstantlycrushasubmarine,allowingscientiststomaptheoceanfloorwithunprecedentedprecisionandstudyorganismsthathaveneverbeforebeenseenbyhumaneyes.Oneofthemostsignificantdiscoveriesinrecentyearsistheexistenceofhydrothermalvents,whichareessentiallyunderwatergeysersdrivenbyvolcanicactivity.Theseventsspewmineral-richwaterheatedtoextremetemperatures.Despitetheharshconditions,theseoasesoflifethriveincompletedarkness.Theyrelyonaprocesscalledchemosynthesis,wherebacteriaconvertchemicalslikehydrogensulfideintoenergy,formingthebaseofacomplexfoodweb.ThisdiscoveryrevolutionizedourunderstandingoflifeonEarth,provingthatsunlightisnotanabsoluteprerequisiteforcomplexecosystems.Theimplicationsofthesefindingsextendfarbeyondmarinebiology.Astrobiologistsarenowusingthesedeep-seaenvironmentsasEarth-basedanalogsforextraterrestriallife.Jupiter'smoonEuropa,forinstance,isbelievedtoharboramassivesubsurfaceoceanbeneathitsicycrust.IfhydrothermalventsexistonEuropa,itisplausiblethatsimilarchemosyntheticlifeformscouldexistthere.Thus,studyingthedepthsofourownoceansprovidescrucialinsightsintowhereandhowwemightfindlifeelsewhereinthesolarsystem.However,thisnewfoundaccessibilityalsobringspotentialthreats.Deep-seaminingcompaniesareeyeingthemineral-richdepositsaroundthesevents,raisingconcernsamongenvironmentalistsaboutthepotentialdestructionofthesefragile,slow-recoveringecosystems.Theinternationalcommunityiscurrentlygrapplingwithhowtoregulatetheseactivities,attemptingtobalancetheeconomicallureofrareearthmineralswiththeimperativeofpreservingoneoftheplanet'slastuntouchedfrontiers.41.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthefirstparagraph?[A]Thehistoricaldevelopmentofdeep-seaexploration.[B]Theextremeconditionsofthedeepseaandthetechnologyusedtoexploreit.[C]Thecomparisonbetweenhumanandroboticexplorationcapabilities.[D]Thebiologicalcharacteristicsofdeep-seacreatures.42.Accordingtothepassage,howdoorganismsnearhydrothermalventsgenerateenergy?[A]Throughphotosynthesisusingminimalsunlight.[B]Byconsumingorganicmatterfallingfromtheoceansurface.[C]Throughaprocesscalledchemosynthesis.[D]Byabsorbinggeothermalheatdirectly.43.Whyareastrobiologistsinterestedindeep-seahydrothermalvents?[A]Theybelieveventscontainmineralsfoundonotherplanets.[B]Theventsserveasacomparativemodelforpotentiallifeonothercelestialbodies.[C]Theywanttotestnewroboticvehiclesintheseextremeenvironments.[D]Theventsprovideevidencethatallliferequiressunlight.44.Whatpotentialconflictismentionedinthefinalparagraph?[A]Theconflictbetweenmarinebiologistsandastrobiologists.[B]ThedebateovertheuseofAUVsversusROVs.[C]Thetensionbetweendeep-seamininginterestsandenvironmentalconservation.[D]Theinternationaldisputeoverownershipofthedeepsea.45.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?[A]Toadvocatefortheimmediatebanofdeep-seamining.[B]Toexplainthetechnologicalchallengesofbuildingsubmersibles.[C]Toinformreadersaboutdeep-seadiscoveries,theirimplications,andassociatedchallenges.[D]ToprovethatextraterrestriallifedefinitelyexistsonEuropa.Text2Theconceptofemotionalintelligence(EQ)hasgainedsignificanttractionincorporatecirclesoverthepasttwodecades.InitiallypopularizedbypsychologistDanielGoleman,EQencompassestheabilitytorecognize,understand,manage,andreasonwithemotions.Whiletraditionalmetricsofprofessionalsuccessheavilyprioritizedcognitiveintelligence(IQ)andtechnicalexpertise,contemporaryorganizationalpsychologistsarguethatEQmaybeastrongerpredictorofleadershipeffectivenessandworkplaceharmony.IndividualswithhighEQtendtoexhibitgreaterself-awareness,allowingthemtoaccuratelyassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesseswithoutbecomingdefensive.Thisself-regulationenablesthemtocontrolimpulsivebehaviorsandadapttochangingcircumstanceswithcomposure.Furthermore,theircapacityforempathy—theabilitytounderstandtheemotionalmakeupofotherpeople—fostersstrongerinterpersonalrelationships.Inateamsetting,thistranslatestomoreeffectiveconflictresolution,asempatheticleaderscannavigatedisputesbyacknowledgingtheperspectivesofallpartiesinvolvedratherthanimposingrigid,top-downsolutions.Despiteitsrecognizedvalue,themeasurementofEQremainsasubjectofdebate.UnlikeIQ,whichcanbeassessedthroughstandardizedtestingwithareasonabledegreeofreliability,emotionalintelligenceisinherentlysubjective.Manypopularself-assessmenttoolssufferfromthe"haloeffect,"whereindividualsratethemselvesmorefavorablythanisobjectivelyaccurate.Consequently,somecriticsarguethatEQissimplyarepackagingofstandardpersonalitytraits,suchasagreeablenessandconscientiousness,ratherthanadistinctformofintelligence.Nevertheless,thepracticalapplicationsofEQtrainingintheworkplacehaveshownpromisingresults.Companiesthatinvestinemotionalintelligenceworkshopsreportloweremployeeturnoverratesandhigherlevelsofcustomersatisfaction.Byteachingemployeestomanagestressandcommunicatemoreeffectively,organizationscultivateamoreresilientworkforce.WhetherornotEQisascientificallydistinctformofintelligence,theinterpersonalskillsitpromotesareundeniablyvaluableinnavigatingthecomplexitiesofmodernprofessionalenvironments.46.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeydifferencebetweenindividualswithhighEQandthosewithlowEQ?[A]HighEQindividualshavehighercognitiveintelligence.[B]HighEQindividualsarebetteratassessingtheirownabilitiesobjectively.[C]HighEQindividualsrelymoreontechnicalexpertise.[D]HighEQindividualsprefertop-downsolutionsinconflicts.47.Howdoesempathycontributetoconflictresolutioninateam?[A]Byallowingleaderstoimposetheirwillmoreeffectively.[B]Byhelpingleadersunderstandallperspectivesinvolved.[C]Byeliminatingemotionalresponsesentirely.[D]Byreplacingtheneedforlogicalsolutions.48.Whatisoneofthemaincriticismsofemotionalintelligencementionedinthetext?[A]Itistoodifficulttoteachinacorporateworkshopsetting.[B]Itdoesnotactuallyimprovecustomersatisfaction.[C]Itishardtomeasurereliablyandmayjustbeexistingpersonalitytraits.[D]Itdecreasesemployeeturnovertoomuch,causingstagnation.49.Theterm"haloeffect"inthethirdparagraphmostlikelyrefersto:[A]Thetendencytoviewothersinanoverlypositivelight.[B]Thetendencytooverestimateone'sownpositivequalities.[C]Theimpactofaleader'smoodontheteam.[D]Thehalooflightincorporateoffices.50.Whatistheauthor'soverallstanceonemotionalintelligence?[A]ItisentirelysuperiortoIQ.[B]Itisascientificallyinvalidconcept.[C]Itispracticallyuseful,evenifitsscientificdefinitionisdebated.[D]Itisonlyusefulforcustomerserviceroles.Text3Verticalfarming,thepracticeofgrowingcropsinstackedlayerswithincontrolledindoorenvironments,hasbeenhailedasarevolutionarysolutiontotheimpendingglobalfoodcrisis.Byutilizingabandonedurbanwarehousesorpurpose-builtskyscrapers,proponentsarguethatverticalfarmscandrasticallyreducetheagriculturalfootprint,conservewater,andeliminatetheneedforpesticides.Furthermore,bybringingfoodproductionclosertourbancenters,thesupplychainisshortened,reducingtransportationemissionsandprovidingcitydwellerswithfresherproduce.However,despiteitstheoreticalallure,theeconomicandenvironmentalviabilityofverticalfarmingfacesintensescrutiny.Themostglaringobstacleisenergyconsumption.ReplacingsunlightwithartificialLEDlightingandmaintainingoptimalclimatecontrolsystemsrequiresmassiveamountsofelectricity.Ifthelocalenergygridreliesheavilyonfossilfuels,thecarbonfootprintofaverticalfarmmayactuallyexceedthatoftraditionalfieldagriculture,wheresunlightandrainarefreeandabundant.Therefore,forverticalfarmingtotrulybeanenvironmentalwin,itmustbepairedwithatransitiontorenewableenergysources.Economically,theinitialcapitalexpenditureforsettingupaverticalfarmisastronomical.ThecostofspecializedLEDlighting,hydroponicoraeroponicsystems,andclimatecontroltechnologycanrunintothemillions.Toachieveprofitability,verticalfarmsoftenfocusonhigh-value,fast-growingleafygreensandherbs.Whilethesecropsareprofitable,theyrepresentaminusculefractionoftheglobalcaloricintake.Currently,itiseconomicallyunfeasibletogrowstaplecropslikewheat,rice,orcorninverticalfarms,meaningthistechnologycannotreplacetraditionalagriculturebutcanonlysupplementit.51.Whatisthemainadvantageofverticalfarmingmentionedinthefirstparagraph?[A]Itcangrowstaplecropsmoreefficiently.[B]Itreliesentirelyonrenewableenergy.[C]Itreducestheagriculturalfootprintandshortenssupplychains.[D]Itischeapertosetupthantraditionalfarming.52.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimaryenvironmentalconcernregardingverticalfarming?[A]Itusestoomuchwater.[B]Itrequiresextensiveuseofpesticides.[C]Itconsumestoomuchelectricity,potentiallyincreasingcarbonemissions.[D]Ittakesuptoomuchurbanspace.53.Underwhatconditioncanverticalfarmingbeconsideredenvironmentallybeneficial?[A]Ifitisusedonlyforleafygreens.[B]Ifitispairedwithrenewableenergysources.[C]Ifitreducestheneedfortransportation.[D]Ifitisbuiltinabandonedwarehouses.54.Whatisalimitationofverticalfarmingregardingthetypesofcropsgrown?[A]Itcanonlygrowcropsthatrequireverylittlelight.[B]Itiscurrentlynoteconomicallyviabletogrowstaplecropslikewheatandrice.[C]Itisonlysuitableforcropsthatcanbegrownoutdoors.[D]Itcanonlygrowcropsthatareresistanttopests.55.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?[A]Verticalfarmingisaflawlesssolutiontothefoodcrisis.[B]Verticalfarmingisanexpensivefailure.[C]Verticalfarmingofferspotentialbenefitsbutfacessignificanteconomicandenvironmentalchallenges.[D]Verticalfarmingwillreplacetraditionalagricultureinthenextdecade.Text4TherapidaccumulationofspacedebrisinEarth'sorbithasescalatedfromatheoreticalconcerntoapressingoperationalhazard.Sincethedawnofthespaceage,millionsoffragments—rangingfromdefunctsatellitesandspentrocketstagestotinyflecksofpaint—havebeenleftorbitingtheplanet.Travelingatvelocitiesexceeding17,000milesperhour,evenaone-centimeterpieceofdebriscarriesthekineticenergyofasmallbomb,posingacatastrophicthreattooperationalsatellites,theInternationalSpaceStation,andfuturecrewedmissions.ThissituationiscompoundedbytheKesslerSyndrome,ascenarioproposedbyNASAscientistDonaldKesslerin1978.ThesyndromesuggeststhatasthedensityofobjectsinlowEarthorbit(LEO)increases,theprobabilityofcollisionsalsorises.Thesecollisionsgeneratemoredebris,whichinturncausesfurthercollisions,creatingacascadingeffect.Ifleftunchecked,thischainreactioncouldrendercertainorbitalshellscompletelyunusableforgenerations,effectivelytrappinghumanityonEarthbyseveringouraccesstosatellitecommunications,weathermonitoring,andglobalpositioningsystems.Tomitigatethisthreat,theinternationalcommunityisexploringactivedebrisremoval(ADR)technologies.Conceptsincludeharpoons,giantnets,androboticarmsdesignedtocapturelargepiecesofdebrisanddragthembackintotheEarth'satmosphere,wheretheywillsafelyburnupuponreentry.Otherinnovativeapproachesinvolveusingground-basedorspace-basedlaserstoslightlyalterthetrajectoryofsmallerfragments,causingthemtode-orbitprematurely.However,theimplementationofthesetechnologiesishinderedbysignificantlegalandgeopoliticalhurdles.Undercurrentinternationalspacelaw,thelaunchingstateretainsjurisdictionandownershipoveritsspaceobjects,evenwhentheybecomenon-functional.Therefore,aprivatecompanyoranothernationcannotlegallycaptureoralterthetrajectoryofadefunctsatellitewithouttheexplicitpermissionofthelaunchingstate.Thiscreatesaparanoidenvironmentwherethesametechnologydesignedtocleanupdebriscouldtheoreticallybeusedtodisableanadversary'soperationalsatellites,blurringthelinebetweendebrisremovalandspacewarfare.56.Whyisevenasmallpieceofspacedebrisdangerous?[A]Becauseitishighlyradioactive.[B]Becauseittravelsatextremelyhighspeeds.[C]Becauseitismadeofdensemetallicmaterials.[D]Becauseitcannotbetrackedbyradar.57.WhatistheKesslerSyndrome?[A]Adiseasethataffectsastronautsinspace.[B]Alegalframeworkforspaceownership.[C]Acascadingcollisioneffectcausedbyhighdebrisdensity.[D]Atechnologyusedtoremovespacedebris.58.Accordingtothepassage,howdoground-basedlasershelpmitigatethedebrisproblem?[A]Theycompletelyvaporizethedebrisinorbit.[B]Theyalterthetrajectoryofdebristomakeitreentertheatmosphere.[C]Theymeltdownthedebristobereused.[D]Theypushthedebrisintodeepspace.59.Whatistheprimarylegalobstacletoactivedebrisremoval?[A]Therearenolawsgoverningouterspace.[B]Privatecompaniesrefusetoinvestinthetechnology.[C]Thelaunchingstateretainsownershipofdefunctobjects,makingremovallegallycomplex.[D]TheUnitedNationshasbannedalldebrisremovalactivities.60.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthedual-usenatureofdebrisremovaltechnology?[A]Itisuniversallywelcomedbyallnations.[B]Itisonlyusedforpeacefulpurposes.[C]Itcouldpotentiallybeweaponizedtodisableoperationalsatellites.[D]Itistooexpensivetobeweaponized.PartBYouaregoingtoreadatextaboutthehistoryofcoffee.Fivesentenceshavebeenremovedfromthetext.ChoosefromthesentencesA-Gtheonewhichfitseachgap(61-65)tocompletethetext.Therearetwoextrasentenceswhichyoudonotneedtouse.Theglobalobsessionwithcoffeeisamodernphenomenon,butthehistoryofthiscaffeinatedbeverageisasrichandcomplexasitsflavorprofile.LegendtracesthediscoveryofcoffeetotheEthiopianplateau,wherea9th-centurygoatherdernamedKaldinoticedthathisgoatsbecameunusuallyenergeticafterconsumingtheredberriesofacertaintree.61._______.Thismarkedthehumblebeginningofabeveragethatwouldeventuallyconquertheworld.Bythe15thcentury,coffeehadmadeitswayacrosstheRedSeaintotheArabianPeninsula,specificallytotheregionofYemen.62._______.Sufimonksfoundthatthedrinkhelpedthemstayawakeduringlonghoursofeveningprayers,andsooncoffeehousesbegantospringupincitieslikeMecca.Theseearlycoffeehouses,knownas"qahvehkhaneh,"becamevitalsocialhubswherepeoplegatherednotonlytodrinkcoffeebutalsotolistentomusic,watchperformances,andplaychess.Thebeverage'spopularitycontinuedtospread,reachingtheOttomanEmpireandeventuallyEurope.63._______.Infact,theEnglishword"coffee"isderivedfromtheItalian"caffè,"whichitselfisacorruptionoftheTurkishword"kahve"andtheoriginalArabic"qahwa."ThefirstEuropeancoffeehouseopenedinVenicein1645,cateringprimarilytowealthymerchantsandaristocrats.However,thespreadofcoffeewasnotwithoutcontroversy.InMecca,localgovernorsfearedthatthecoffeehousesfosteredpoliticaldissentandattemptedtobanthedrink.64._______.Eventually,coffeetookrootintheAmericas,whereitwasintroducedtotheNewWorldinthe18thcentury.TheBostonTeaPartyof1773,aprotestagainstB