2025年高考英语大二轮-强化练(十九)创新词汇考法题：熟词生义与派生词

强化练(十九)创新词汇考法题：熟词生义与派生词考情速递：近几年新高考全国卷完形填空试题中对熟词生义的考查呈上升趋势，考生在备考时要多加积累。熟词生义一般分为两种情况：1.词源衍生义；2.生僻衍生义：指一个单词的衍生义与熟知的义项联系不大。另外，近几年新高考完形填空试题也有意识地考查单词的派生词，如2023年新高考Ⅱ卷第53题。说明：加黑题目为创新词汇考法对点题，解答时要格外关注。(2023·湖北重点中学高三联考)Attheageof41,Ifinallygottolivemychildhooddream.Igottospendanentire__1__aloneatanairport.Iwas__2__bymereminutes.Thenextplanewouldn’tbe__3__untilearlythenextmorning.Itookadvantageofmy“extravacationtime”andmademyown__4__.First,Ipassedthroughtherotunda(圆形大厅)，whichIhad__5__throughmanytimesbeforewithoutevertrulylookingatit.Then,Ifoundafashion__6__madebystudentsandtookmytimeappreciatingtheir__7__andhardwork.Late,Iwas__8__byafull－sizecopyofalargebrontosaurus(雷龙).Youwonderwhatthatbrontosaurusmighthavebeenthinkingaboutbeforeit__9__andhowitmighthavefeltaboutlivinginanairport.Youwonderwhatthe__10__mightlooklikeinthefuture.Iwavedtoallthesecuritycameras,hopingthattherewassomeone__11__ontheotherside,havingagoodlaugh.I__12__myairportadventurethatnight.Ithoughtlittleofthepostswhenmyflighttookoff.Bythetimemyplane__13__，theyweregoingviral.Asawriter,Iwouldhave__14__thistomakemehappy.ButIbegantofeeladeepsadness.Haseveryonegrownentirely__15__tothebeautyallaroundus?【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因错过航班而独自待在机场过夜的一次经历。作者把这个晚上当作一次冒险经历，并在此期间发现了之前从未发现的美。1.A.weekend B.nightC.day D.decade答案B[根据下文的“Thenextplane...thenextmorning.”和语境可知，作者在机场过夜了。下文中的“adventurethatnight”亦是提示。]2.A.disappointed B.amusedC.early D.late答案D[根据语境和常识可知，此处是指作者迟到了几分钟，错过了航班。]3.A.arriving B.missingC.delaying D.waiting答案A[根据语境和常识可知，此处是指下一班飞机第二天一大早才到达。]4.A.attempt B.decisionC.adventure D.journey答案C[根据语境尤其是下文的“I________myairportadventurethatnight”可知，作者把这次因错过航班而独自待在机场的这个晚上当作一次冒险经历。]5.A.wandered B.cycledC.rushed D.struggled答案C[根据语境和下文的“withoutevertrulylookingatit”可知，以前，作者经过圆形大厅时都是匆匆而过。]6.A.trend B.displayC.collection D.decoration答案B[根据语境可知，此处是指机场大厅里有学生制作的时尚展览。]7.A.generosity B.distributionC.admiration D.talent答案D[根据语境和常识可知，此处是指作者花时间欣赏学生制作的时尚展览，这些展览展示的是他们的才华和努力。]8.A.greeted B.providedC.troubled D.served答案A[本题考查熟词生义。根据下文的“afull－sizecopyofalargebrontosaurus(雷龙)”可知，作者在机场闲逛，随之映入作者眼帘的是一个雷龙的复制品。greet的常见义为“打招乎”，此处意为“映入……的眼帘”。]9.A.accumulated B.vanishedC.died D.appeared答案C[根据上文的“whatthatbrontosaurusmighthavebeenthinkingabout”和常识可知，作者见到雷龙复制品后产生了无限遐想。他想你会好奇雷龙在死亡之前会想什么。]10.A.brontosaurus B.airportC.human D.world答案D[根据上文的“Youwonderwhat...livinginanairport”可知，此处表示你想知道未来世界是什么样子。]11.A.watching B.tremblingC.investigating D.blessing答案A[根据上文的“thesecuritycameras”可知，此处是指希望监控录像机外有人在观看。]12.A.demonstrated B.copiedC.posted D.appreciated答案C[根据下文的“Ithoughtlittleofthepostswhenmyflighttookoff.”可知，作者把那晚在机场的经历发布了出去。]13.A.gaveoff B.toucheddownC.pickedup D.brokethrough答案B[根据上文的“whenmyflighttookoff”可推知，此处是指在作者的飞机着陆之前，它们在网络上迅速传播。touchdown“着陆”。]14.A.preferred B.inspiredC.recommended D.expected答案D[根据语境和空后一句可知，作者作为写这些帖子的人原本期待这能让他快乐。]15.A.blind B.accustomedC.addicted D.related答案A[本题考查熟词生义。根据上文的“Ibegantofeeladeepsadness”和作者此次的经历可知，作者在感叹人们对周围的美视而不见。blind的基本义为“瞎的，失明的”，此处意为“视而不见的；没有觉察到的”。](2023·南京六校联合调研)EarlyoneSaturday,Iheadedtoa“sugardetox(戒糖)”seminaratmygym.Iwasthereonthe__1__orders.MarkHyman，amedicaldirector,hadadvisedthesugardetoxformeto__2__visceral(内脏的)fat,whichhesaid“__3__awholerangeofdiseasesfromcancertoheartdisease，diabetesandAlzheimer’sdisease.”AsIstartedmydetox,unexpectedly,Hymanadvisedmeto__4__“morefat,becausefatmakesyoufeelfullandspeedsyourmetabolism(新陈代谢)，”whichIdidn’tknow.Thencameasecondsurprise：“Fat__5__helpsyouburnfat，”heexplained，__6__manyofthemythsI’dgrownupwith.Forthefirstseveraldays,frankly,mydetoxingwas__7__.Makingcertainfoods__8__mademewantthemmore.Icecream.Pasta.Chocolate.Evenwine,whichcontainsa__9__amountofsugar.Mydesireforsugarwasintenseandseemednever－ending,andifIcheatedIfeltlikea(n)__10__.Iwaseasytogetannoyedandmoody.Butbydayfivethe__11__hadcooleddown.Istartedtoloseweight.BeforethedetoxIweighed166pounds.Twelveweekslater,I__12__anewlowadultweight：155.Mybloodtestlooksmuchbetter.Andasmybellyfathas__13__，Idofeelbetterandmoreenergetic.I’mnowinmyfourthmonthofthe__14__detox—Idon’twanttolivewithoutwineorsomesweets.IknowIcan’t__15__alladdedsugars,nomatterhowalarmedImaybe.Sugardetoxisworthtryingonthewhole.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了自己根据医生的建议戒糖的经历。1.A.teacher’s B.friend’sC.father’s D.doctor’s答案D[根据下文的“MarkHyman，amedicaldirector，hadadvisedthesugardetoxforme”可知，医学主任MarkHyman建议作者戒糖。由此可推断，作者是遵照医生的命令去健身房参加“戒糖”研讨会的。]2.A.lose B.gainC.find D.increase答案A[根据常识并结合后面的“________awholerangeofdiseasesfromcancertoheartdisease，diabetesandAlzheimer’sdisease”可知，该处指医生建议作者戒糖以减掉内脏的脂肪。]3.A.helps B.affectsC.heals D.damages答案B[该处指医生认为内脏的脂肪对从癌症到心脏病、糖尿病和阿尔茨海默病等一系列疾病有影响。]4.A.remove B.addC.dismiss D.save答案B[根据后面的“becausefatmakesyoufeelfullandspeedsyourmetabolism(新陈代谢)”并结合前面的unexpectedly和常识可知，此处指出乎意料的是Hyman建议作者增加更多的脂肪。]5.A.hardly B.rarelyC.actually D.nearly答案C[此处指Hyman说脂肪实际上可以帮助燃烧脂肪。]6.A.supporting B.destroyingC.harming D.defending答案B[根据上文的unexpectedly并结合空后的“manyofthemythsI’dgrownupwith”可知，该处指这打破了作者从小至今的许多错误认识。]7.A.upsetting B.inspiringC.successful D.fascinating答案A[根据空前的“Forthefirstseveraldays，frankly”并结合空后的“Makingcertainfoods________mademewantthemmore”可知，作者最开始几天的戒糖过程是令人苦恼的。A项“令人苦恼的”；B项“鼓舞人心的”；C项“成功的”；D项“迷人的”。]8.A.wasted B.hiddenC.consumed D.forbidden答案D[根据上文内容可知，本文讲述的是作者戒糖的过程，由此可知，此处表示禁糖，该空应填forbidden。]9.A.fair B.smallC.proper D.modest答案A[本题考查熟词生义。fair的常见义为“公平的”，此处意为“相当多”。]10.A.boss B.loserC.actor D.beggar答案B[上文中的“Mydesireforsugarwasintenseandseemednever－ending”表明，作者对糖的渴望非常强烈而且似乎永无止境；下文中的“Iwaseasytogetannoyedandmoody.”提到作者很容易生气和心情郁闷。由此可知，此处指如果作者作弊，就会觉得自己是个失败者。]11.A.interest B.passionC.desire D.curiosity答案C[上文的“Mydesireforsugarwasintenseandseemednever－ending”是解题的关键，指的是在开始戒糖的前几天，作者对糖的渴望非常强烈而且似乎永无止境；根据本句中的“Butbydayfive”可知，到了第五天的时候事情发生了变化，作者的这种渴望已经冷却下来了，由此可知，该处应填desire。]12.A.met B.hitC.knew D.found答案B[本题考查熟词生义。此处指在戒糖之前，作者的体重是166磅；12周之后，作者的体重达到了成人体重的新低——155磅。动词hit的常见义为“打击”，在此表示“达到(某一水平或数量)”。]13.A.varied B.increasedC.reduced D.disappeared答案C[根据上文内容可知，作者已成功减肥。由此可推知，作者的腹部脂肪减少了。]14.A.flexible B.rigidC.strict D.serious答案A[根据下文的“don’twanttolivewithoutwineorsomesweets”可知，作者不想生活中完全没有酒和甜食。由此可知，此处指作者在戒糖的第四个月进入了弹性戒糖阶段。]15.A.include B.avoidC.neglect D.escape答案B[根据上句内容可推知，此处指作者不能完全避免添加糖的食物。](2023·武汉高三调研)WhenIwas14,Iinvitedsomefriendsforapartyatourhomeoutinthecountry.Iplanneditwell,butsomething__1__happened.Whenitwastimeforustoridethebus,Nora,oneofmyfriends,didn’t__2__.Ifelt__3__.Whywouldshetellmeshe’dcometothepartyandthen__4__withoutlettingmeknow?So,IdecidedtocallNoraandgetsome__5__.IneedednoapologiesbutIdemandedtoknowwhy.Nora__6__shehadtostayawayfromschoolbecauseshewassick.AngerstillseizedmeandI__7__tolisten，“Whatkindoffriendareyou？”Norabegancryingonthephone,hurtandsurprised.Fortherestoftheschoolyear,we__8__hungaroundagain,andIforgotaboutmy__9__callwithNora.__10__hadhappenedbetweenusatsomepoint,butIshrugged(耸肩)itoff.Yearslater,Ibegantoreflectonthatuglyphoneconversation.I__11__it.Irecognizedhowselfish,and__12__I’dbeen,caringonlyaboutmyself.Iwantedtomakethings__13__.IcomposedanapologylettertoNoraandsoongother__14__.Sofinally,wedidbringasadmomentfromthepasttoa__15__conclusion,healingbothofus.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作者因为朋友失约而感到非常生气。多年之后，作者对自己当年的行为感到后悔，于是写信向朋友道歉，二人也因此重修旧好。1.A.unexpected B.unprovenC.unfair D.unsure答案A[本题考查否定前缀un－。but前后形成了转折，根据空前的“Iplanneditwell”可知，后面应该是发生了一些意想不到的事情。]2.A.takeover B.showoffC.turnup D.setout答案C[根据下文中的“Whywouldshetellmeshe’dcometotheparty...butIdemandedtoknowwhy.”可以推测，原本答应来派对的Nora没有出现。]3.A.guilty B.madC.embarrassed D.skeptical答案B[根据常识和下文中的“Angerstillseizedme”可知，作者为此感到很生气。]4.A.reachout B.stepforwardC.lookaway D.backout答案D[根据语境可知，Nora本来答应了来参加派对，但是却食言了。backout“食言，反悔”。]5.A.answers B.comfortC.excuses D.company答案A[根据上文中的问句“Whywouldshetellme...withoutlettingmeknow？”和语境可知，作者很生气并决定给Nora打电话，想得到答案。]6.A.explained B.announcedC.predicted D.complained答案A[根据语境和空后的宾语从句“shehadtostayawayfromschoolbecauseshewassick”可知，宾语从句的内容是Nora的解释。]7.A.attempted B.intendedC.refused D.pretended答案C[根据空前的“Angerstillseizedme”和空后的“Whatkindoffriendareyou？”可知，作者仍然很愤怒。再结合常识可推断，作者拒绝聆听Nora的解释。]8.A.merely B.barelyC.regularly D.frequently答案B[根据语境可知，这次事件让二人之间的关系破裂了，