2025年高考英语大二轮-强化练(九)跨学科背景知识语篇

强化练(九)跨学科背景知识语篇考情速递：英语作为一种交流的工具，不仅仅是一门语言，更是学生了解世界的媒介和手段。因此高考试题尤其是阅读理解，往往会考查涉及跨学科背景知识的文章，因此考生在备考时要关注其他学科相关知识，做到有备无患。Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·泉州高三质检)DNAtestingisoneofmodernmedicine’smostsignificantbreakthroughs.Today,anyonecanreceivepersonallizedinformationabouttheirgenes(基因)andancestrywithjustalittlesaliva(唾液).Now,aSeattle－basedcompanyisworkingtobringequallydeepanalysistothetrillionsofproteinswithinourbodies.NautilusBiotechnology,acompanyfoundedin2016bySeattle’sSujalPatelandtheSanFranciscoBayArea’sParagMallick,isdevelopingadevicetoidentifyandcount95%ofthedifferenttypesofproteinsinabiologicalsample.Humancellscancontainroughly20，000differenttypesofproteins,withcrucialfunctionsrangingfromdigestiontodiseaseprotection.Eachcellhasavaryingamountofeachprotein.Thecompanywantstomeasurethekeymachinery(机制)insidecellswithalevelofdetailthathasneverbeendonebefore.Existingtools,itsays，canonlymeasureupto8%ofthedifferenttypesofproteinsinbloodsamples.Sowhydopeoplecountproteins?Researchshowshealthycellsanddiseasedcellshavedifferingamountsandformsofeachprotein.Forexample，cancercellsmayhavemoreofProteinAthanProteinB.Knowingthatmighthelpintwoways.First，doctorscouldlookforhigherProteinAlevelstodetectcancerearly.Second，researcherscouldbetterdesigndrugstotargetProteinA.Nautilussayssuchproteinmeasurements，whichareuniquetoeverypersonandchangethroughoutpeople’slives,willnotonlyhelpdoctorsidentifymorespecificformsofdiseasebutalsohelppharmaceutical(制药的)companiesfindmoreprecisedrugswithfewersideeffects.Whileothercompaniesalsoarebuildingnewproteinanalysismachines,expertsandprospectivecustomershaveexpressedexcitementoverNautilus’sapproach.Mallick,chiefscientistofNautilusandthebrainbehinditstechnology,isconfident.“It’snoteverydaywhenyouget...toworkonsomethingthat’stheopportunitytochangeallofbiology.”【语篇解读】本文是新闻报道。DNA检测是现代医学最重要的突破之一。现在一家总部位于西雅图的公司正致力于对我们体内数以万亿计的蛋白质进行同样深入细致的分析，其目的是帮助医生识别更具体的疾病形式并帮助制药公司找到副作用更小且对症治疗更精确的药物。1.WhatistheSeattle－basedcompanydoing?A.Tryingtocounttheamountsofbloodcells.B.ExaminingDNAforpersonalizedinformation.C.Developingadevicetoanalyzepeople’sproteins.D.RevealingmoreaboutourancestrieswithDNAtesting.答案C[细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是“isdevelopingadevice...biologicalsample”可知，这家公司正致力于开发一种能够分析人体中不同类型的蛋白质的设备。]2.Whatmakestheinventionofthedevicepossible?A.Precisedrugsareguaranteed.B.Cellanalysistechniquesdevelopfast.C.Proteinsaremucheasiertobeanalyzed.D.Proteinamountsandformsvaryfromcelltocell.答案D[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Humancellscancontain...varyingamountofeachprotein.”可知，人类细胞大约含有2万种不同的蛋白质，且每个细胞每种蛋白质的数量都不同，这就使得开发能够分析人体中不同类型的蛋白质的设备成为可能。]3.Inwhichareawillthedevicebehelpful?A.Diseasemonitoringandmachinedesign.B.Diseasedetectionanddrugdevelopment.C.Diseasepreventionandtargetedtreatment.D.Diseasetreatmentandthepreventionofsideeffects.答案B[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“First，doctorscould...totargetProteinA”可知，这种设备一方面可以帮助医生寻找更高的蛋白A水平来提早发现癌症，另一方面有助于研究人员更好地设计针对蛋白A的药物，即有助于疾病的检测和药物的开发。]4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CombiningDNATestingwithProteinAnalysisB.SettingaNewExampleofMedicalSolutionsC.CreatingOpportunitiesforChangingBiologyD.AnalysingProteinsforNewMedicalBreakthroughs答案D[标题归纳题。文章第一段最后一句话点明了主题，告诉我们一家位于西雅图的公司正致力于对我们体内数以万亿计的蛋白质进行深入的分析，文章后面几段围绕这一话题进行陈述并介绍了这样做的意义，即为新的医学突破进行人体蛋白质的分析，故选项D适合作文章的标题。](2023·济南高三统一检测)Radiocarbondatinghasrevealedtwofake(伪造的)paintingsinFrance—probablythefirsttimethetechniquehasbeenusedinapoliceinvestigation.Thepaintingsweresupposedlyworksfromaroundtheearlytwentiethcentury.ButateamledbyscientistLucileBeckattheUniversityofParis－Saclaydatedthemtosometimewithinthepast70years.Theuseofradiocarbondatingisgainingpopularity，thankstoadvancesthatrequiresmallersamplesthaneverbefore.Removingtiniersamplesfromartworksisbecomingmorepalatabletomuseumsandownersofpaintings.Ifthereisachancethatapaintingisgenuine—andthereforevaluable—theydon’twantthecollectionoflargersamplestodamageit.Alllivingthingstakeincarbon,includingradioactivecarbon－14,fromtheatmosphereandfood.Whenaplantcommonlyusedtomakecanvas(油画布)dies,thecarbon－14thatitcontainedcontinuestofalloff.Radiocarbondatingmeasureswhat’slefttoestimatethetimethat’spassed,saysMariaelenaFedi,aphysicistattheNationalInstituteforNuclearPhysicsinFlorence，Italy.Atomic－bomb(原子弹)testing,whichbeganinthe1940sandtookoffinthe1950s,quicklyincreasedtheamountofcarbon－14intheatmosphere.Carbon－14peakedaround1964andwentdownafterapartialbanonnucleartests.Researcherscaneasilyidentifymaterialscontainingmodernbomb－producedradiocarbonbecausetheircarbon－14concentrationsarehigherthanpre－1950slevels.Beck’steamtesteditssamplestoseewhethertheyborethefeatureofthatbomb－producedradioactivecarbon－14.Thecanvasfiberfromthepaintingsclearlycontainedcarbonfromeitherthemid－1950soraftertheyear2000,theresearchersreported.Beckacknowledgedthat,ideally,theteamwoulddofurtherchemicalanalysistosupportitsfindings,buttheresearcherswerelimitedbythetighttime.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。利用碳定年法，法国警方发现了两幅赝品画。本文具体介绍了碳定年法的工作原理等相关信息。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“palatable”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Impressive. B.Acceptable.C.Expensive. D.Difficult.答案B[词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Theuseofradiocarbon...thaneverbefore”可知，由于技术进步，碳定年法需要比以往任何时候都更小的样本，这一方法越来越受欢迎。结合画线词所在的句子可知，从艺术品中提取更小的样本，对博物馆和画作所有者来说正在变得更容易接受。故画线词意为“可接受的”。]6.Howdoesradiocarbondatingwork?A.Byremovingsamplesfromartworks.B.Byrequiringthesmallersamples.C.Bymeasuringthecarbon－14left.D.Bytestingthecarboninthesample.答案C[细节理解题。根据第三段尤其是该段尾句中的“Radiocarbondatingmeasureswhat’slefttoestimatethetimethat’spassed”可知，碳定年法通过测量剩下的碳14来估算时间。]7.Whatcanwelearnaboutatomic－bombtestinginParagraph4?A.Itproducesmorecarbon－14.B.Ithelpsidentifyfakepaintings.C.Itreducescarbonconcentrations.D.Ithasbeenstoppedcompletely.答案A[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Atomic－bomb(原子弹)testing...intheatmosphere.”可知，20世纪40年代开始的原子弹试验迅速增加了大气中碳14的含量。]8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PaintingswaitingtobeidentifiedB.TwofakepaintingsfoundinFranceC.NewtechnologyinpaintingsbecomesahitD.Radiocarbondatingprovesananti－fakehelper答案D[标题归纳题。本文首段主要介绍了利用碳定年法发现两幅赝品画这一事件，引出了本文主题，即碳定年法能判定真伪。由此可以推知，D项“碳定年法成了防伪助手”最适合作本文标题。](2023·云南高三质检)Inabout23years,itmayfinallybetimetolookup.Arecentlydiscoveredasteroid(小行星)hasachanceofhittingtheearthonValentine’sDayin2046.ItwasdiscoveredonFeb.26atanobservatoryinSanPedrodeAtacama,Chile.Whilethethoughtofanasteroidhittingtheearthmaysoundconcerning,NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)sayspeopleshouldn’tbeworried.Theasteroidhasanestimateddiameterofaround160feet,whichisaboutthesamesizeasanOlympicswimmingpoolorthewidthofafootballfield.“We’vebeentrackinganewasteroidnamed2023DWthathasaverysmallchanceofimpactingtheearth.Oftenwhennewobjectsarediscovered,ittakesseveralweeks’datatoreducetheuncertaintiesandadequatelypredicttheirorbitsyearsintothefuture，”NASA’sPlanetaryDefenseCoordinationOffice(PDCO)said.TheasteroidisrankedontheTorinoScaleasLevel1threat.Thescaleisatooltocategorizepotentialearthimpacts,withzerobeingnothreatand10beingsomethingthatcancauseaglobaldisaster.OneontheTorinoScalemeans2023DWisinthenormalorgreenzone.“Currentcalculationsshowthechanceofcollision(碰撞)isextremelyunlikelywithnoneedforpublicconcern，”NASAsaysofthegreenzone.“NewtelescopicobservationswillverylikelyleadtoreassignmenttoLevel0.”Although2023DWdoesn’tposeagreatrisktotheearth,NASAhasbeencontinuingtoworktodefendourplanetfromanyasteroidthatcouldcausedisasters.InSeptember,2022,NASAcrasheditsDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTestspacecraft,orDART,intoanasteroidtoseeifitcouldchangethetrajectoryofthespacerock.NASAlaterconfirmedthemissionwasasuccess,andiscontinuingtoresearchhoweffectivethemethodis,shouldamassiveasteroidbeheadedourway.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。美国国家航空航天局通过目前的计算显示，2023DW小行星碰撞地球的可能性极低。9.WhatdoesNASA’sPDCOsayabout2023DW?A.Itistooclosetotheearth.B.Itmustbedestroyedinspace.C.Itsorbitisstilluncertainnow.D.Itsorbitshouldbechanged.答案C[细节理解题。第四段说的是美国国家航空航天局的行星防御协调办公室认为，2023DW新小行星撞击地球的可能性非常小；当发现新天体时，他们往往会通过几周的数据减少这些新天体的不确定性，并充分预测它们未来几年的轨道。由此可知，该部门认为2023DW新小行星的轨道尚不确定。]10.Howis2023DWrankedontheTorinoScale?A.AsLevelzerothreat.B.AsLeveltenthreat.C.Inthenormalzone.D.Inthethreateningzone.答案C[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“TheasteroidisrankedontheTorinoScaleasLevel1threat.”和“OneontheTorinoScalemeans2023DWisinthenormalorgreenzone.”可知，2023DW小行星在都灵等级中被列为1级威胁，且都灵等级中的1表示2023DW处于正常区域。由此可知，2023DW在都灵等级中被列入正常区域。]11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“trajectory”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Size. B.Weight.C.Angle. D.Path.答案D[词义猜测题。根据上文可知，美国国家航空航天局通过研究该天体的轨道来预测并减少其对地球造成的威胁。由此可知，画线词意为“轨道”。]12.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AnAsteroidWasDiscoveredatanObservatoryinChileB.AnAsteroidIsComingOurWay,UnlikelytoHitUsC.ASpaceRockHasJustPassedtheEarthD.ASpacecraftHasBeenCrashedRecently答案B[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了美国国家航空航天局通过目前的计算显示，2023DW小行星碰撞地球的可能性极低。故B项最适合作文章的标题。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2023·福建三校联考)It’sinterestinghowourcontactsinfluenceourtomorrow’sday.Peopleweareinrelationshipswith__1__us.Whenwechange,weinevitablychangeourlifestylesandattitude.Let’sseewhetheryourfriends__2__yourfutureandifso,theninwhatwaystheydoso.Whenwe__3__someoneforthefirsttime,wearetryingtofindoutmoreabouteachother.Thefirst__4__youmakeonotherscounts.Butyour__5__contactwitheachotherformsthegeneralopinionofthepersonyouare__6__with.Ifyouareapositivepersonwhohasa(n)__7__personality,donotbeshytodemonstrateittostrangers.Strangersbecomeourfriendsandifyouignorethisfactand__8__tobewhoandwhatyoureallyarenot,thenyoumay__9__alotofgoodfriendships.Also,bewiseandlearnto__10__therightsortofpeople.Thisisimportantforyourfuture.Friendsusuallymeetatplacesorgooutside.Notonlydoyoulearnabouttheirpersonalitiesandcharacters,youalso__11__whathobbiestheyhave.Yourfriends’interestsmaybecomeyourinterests.Ifyoumakefriendswithsomeonewhosemainactivityis__12__，youwillmost__13__wanttoworkouttoo.Ifyourcircleoffriends__14__peoplewholeadapassivelifestyleanddonottakecareofthemselves,itisverypossiblethatyouwillsoonerorlaterturnintoa(n)__15__person.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了朋友的生活态度会潜移默化地影响我们的生活态度，对我们的未来产生影响。1.A.change B.improveC.need D.prevent答案A[change改变；improve改进；need需要；prevent阻止。根据上文“It’sinterestinghowourcontactsinfluenceourtomorrow’sday.”可知，我们与他人的联系会影响我们的生活，由此可知，与我们有关系的人会改变我们，且与下文“Whenwechange”中的“change”呼应。]2.A.determine B.designC.shape D.concern答案C[determine决定；design设计；shape塑造；concern涉及。根据上文“Whenwechange,weinevitablychangeourlifestylesandattitude.”可知，我们与他人的联系会改变我们的生活方式和态度，进而塑造我们的未来，由此可知，句中指朋友可能会在某种程度上塑造我们的未来。]3.A.forget B.chooseC.blame D.meet答案D[forget忘记；choose选择；blame责怪；meet遇见。根据句中“wearetryingtofindoutmoreabouteachother”和生活常识可知，应该是当我们第一次遇见某人时，我们会想了解更多关于对方的信息。]4.A.impression B.commentC.decision D.promise答案A[impression印象；comment评论；decision决定；promise承诺。根据上文“Whenwe________someoneforthefirsttime”可知，当我们第一次遇见某人时，会给对方留下第一印象。由此可知，句中指你给别人的第一印象很重要。]5.A.second B.furtherC.formal D.active答案B[second第二的；further进一步的；formal正式的；active积极的。根据句中“generalopinion”和生活常识可知，对方对你的普遍看法应该是在你与对方进一步接触的过程中形成的。]6.A.arguing B.cooperatingC.communicating D.dealing答案C[argue争论；cooperate合作；communicate交流；deal处理。根据上文“Let’sseewhetheryourfriends________yourfuture”可知，句中探讨的是朋友对你未来的影响，朋友是与你交流的人，由此可知，句中指进一步接触形成了你的交流对象对你的普遍看法。]7.A.curious B.extraordinaryC.charming D.inspiring答案D[curious好奇的；extraordinary卓越的；charming迷人的；inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据句中“Ifyouareapositiveperson”可知，一个积极的人应该会具有鼓舞人心的个性。]8.A.refuse B.pretendC.manage D.prepare答案B[refuse拒绝；pretend假装；manage管理；prepare准备。根据句中“whatyoureallyarenot”可知，句中指有时我们会假装自己是某种人，但实际上我们并不是那种人。]9.A.preserve B.ruinC.gain D.miss答案D[preserve保护；ruin毁灭；gain获得；miss错过。根据句中“________tobewhoandwhatyoureallyarenot”和生活常识可知，在其他人面前不表现出真实的自己会导致我们错过很多美好的友谊。]10.A.pick B.admitC.support D.believe答案A[pick选择；admit承认；support支持；believe相信。根据句中“therightsortofpeople”可知，朋友会影响我们的未来，由此可知，我们应该学会选择合适的人做朋友。]11.A.findout B.careaboutC.workout D.thinkabout答案A