2025年高考英语大二轮-强化练(六)句意猜测题与代词指代题

强化练(六)句意猜测题与代词指代题解题提示：1.句意猜测题要注意锁定语句、前后寻找，意义吻合是解题提示。2.解答代词指代题时一定要遵循就近原则，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等。Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·大连高三双基测试)Citieshavebeendescribedasessentialtoclimatechangesolutions,buttheycanalsoraisethekindsofecologiststhatwillbringusintoamorecomprehensivebiologicalfuture.AsablackwildlifebiologistfromPhiladelphia,Istoodoutamongmycoworkers.Mypresenceinecologyhaschallengedassumptionsaboutnotonlywhatabiologistlookslike,butalsowhereabiologistcomesfrom.IntheU.S.,ecologywasconductedinrurallandscapes,butIhadnohistoryofcamping,fishing，huntingorhiking.IhadyettorecognizethatPhiladelphia,withitsfourseasonsandtherichnessofsquirrels(松鼠),rowhousesandfestivals,wasactuallymyfirstecologicalclassroom.ThereIwitnessedwildcatseatingbirdsandrats,peopleshootingbatsfromtheirhomesandsnakesbeingkilledbylawnmowers(割草机).Thisisasmuchecologyinactionasanythingwewitnessinfieldsandforests.Urbanwildanimalsexhibitmanyfeaturesandbehaviorsthatsetthemapartfromtheirruraltwins：Theymaybebigger,eatmorediversefood,areactiveatdifferenttimesoftheday,movedifferentlyandhavedifferentpersonalities.Somebiologistsarguetheyareeven“smarter”.Besides,urbanwildlifebalancesmorerisks—suchasroadchemicalpoisonsanddiseasesfromdomesticanimals—withrewards.Someofthoserewardscomefromhumansprovidingfoodandsomefromthedistributionofourparksandwaterbodies.Inourprofessionallivesasbiologists,livingwithsuchwildanimalscanmakeusmoretolerantofspeciesdiversity,whichcanbenefitthenaturalworld.Natureisnolongeronlyprimitivewildernessbutincludessoundsofhumanlaughterandgarbagetrucks.Weexpectmorebiologistsfromurbansettingsbecauseurbanenvironmentsnaturallytrainkeenobserverswhoarethefutureofecology.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。“我”是一位来自费城的黑人野生生物学家，在同事中脱颖而出。“我”观察到费城的野生动物不仅更能适应环境，还使得生物学家对生物多样性更加包容。1.Whichmadetheauthorstandoutamonghiscoworkers?A.Hisnationality.B.Hiscitybackground.C.Hisinterestinoutdooractivities.D.Hisloveforanimals.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Asablackwildlife...whereabiologistcomesfrom.”可知，作者是来自费城的黑人野生生物学家。由此可知，作者的城市背景让其在同事中脱颖而出。]2.Whatdoestheunderlined“they”inparagraph3referto?A.Urbanwildanimals. B.Ruralanimals.C.Domesticanimals. D.Wildlifebiologists.答案A[代词指代题。根据第三段第一句话的内容可知，城市野生动物有不同于农村野生动物的特征和行为，它们的体形可能更大，吃的食物更多样化，在一天中的不同时间活动，行动方式不同，性格也不同。结合画线词所在句可知，“they”指代上句的主语“Urbanwildanimals”。]3.Whatdoweknowabouturbanwildanimals?A.Theyhavetroubleingettingfood.B.Theyenjoysaferlivingconditions.C.Theydobetterinfightingdiseases.D.Theyaremoreadaptabletoenvironment.答案D[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“urbanwildlife...animals—withrewards”可知，城市野生动物还要平衡更多的风险，例如道路化学毒物和家畜疾病，由此可知，城市野生动物更能适应环境。]4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.UrbanWildAnimalsSurviveB.BenefitsofCityConservationC.CitiesBuildBetterBiologistsD.ABlackBiologistfromPhiladelphia答案C[标题归纳题。根据最后一段的尾句“Weexpectmore...thefutureofecology”，再结合全文内容可知，本文从一位来自费城的黑人野生生物学家的角度阐述了城市环境能培养更好的野生生物学家的观点。](2023·南京六校联考)Howdoconsumerspay?Spendingoncreditcards?Down.Spendingondebitcards(借记卡)?Wayup.Debitcardshavebeentheheroformanypaymentcompaniesthisyear.AtVisaandMastercard,theUSdebit－carddollarpaymentandpurchasevolume(量)rose23%yearoveryearinthequarterendedinSeptember.Thesamewithcreditcardswasdown8%.Investorsshouldunderstandthedriversofthistomakeitclearwhetherthisvolumeislong－lasting.Paymentfirmsarereportingthatpeoplearemoreoftenusingcontactlesstap－to－paywhentheyshopinstores.Theseareoftenpurchasesforrelativelysmallerdollaramounts,whichtendtobeputondebitcards.Thereisalsomorecarduseinonlineshoppingforeverydaythingslikegroceries,whichareoftendebitpurchases.Economicstressplaysarole,too.Someconsumersmayhavebeencutofffromcreditcards.Otherssimplyliketousecreditcardslessduringtimesofeconomicuncertainty.Governmentstimulus(促进因素)isalsoadriver:Manystimuluspaymentsaremadeondebitcards.Sincecreditcards’stronghold—cross－bordertravel—isn’tcomingbacksoon,strengthindebitcardswillbeimportant.VisaandMastercardaretryingtopushdebitcardsintomoreareas,forexample,bylinkingtheirinstant－paymentdebitnetworkswithappstohelpmovemoneyfasterbetweendigitalaccounts.Anotherthingthatmaydrivedebit－cardusageamongyoungercustomersisthatmorefinancial－technologycompaniesareofferingthem.Mostpaymentproviderswon’tmindifthedebithabitstickssolongaspeopleareusingtheirnetworksinsomeform.Butitcouldbecomealong－termdragforbanksandlenders.Fornow,lendersandinvestorsmaybeOKwithlimitingtheircreditrisk,buteventuallytheywillreallyneedthosehigh－profitcardloans(贷款)togrowinalow－interest－rateworld.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，主要介绍了今年人们支付时，用借记卡的比率在上升，而使用信用卡的比率比往年有所下降。5.Whydoestheauthorputforwardthequestionsinparagraph1?A.Topresenthisidea. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tomakeanargument. D.Tomakeacomparison.答案B[写作意图题。综观全文及第二段的“Debitcardshavebeentheheroformanypaymentcompaniesthisyear.”可知，这些问题是为了引出本篇文章的主题，也就是说今年借记卡成了许多支付公司的主角。]6.Inwhichsituationmaypeopleusecreditcardsmore?A.Whenpayingforatripabroad.B.Whenpayinginstoreswithoutcontact.C.Whenspendingsmallerdollaramounts.D.Whenshoppingintimesofeconomicuncertainty.答案A[细节理解题。根据第五段的“Sincecreditcards’stronghold—cross－bordertravel—isn’tcomingbacksoon...”可知，跨境旅游消费主要用信用卡。]7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph6referto?A.Customers.B.Debitcards.C.Paymentproviders.D.Financial－technologycompanies.答案B[代词指代题。根据画线词所在句可知，更多的金融公司提供借记卡。]8.Whatcanweinferaboutthecreditcardsfromthelastparagraph?A.Theywillhavelowinterestrates.B.Theywillcauseriskstothebanks.C.Theywillimprovethebanks’income.D.Theywilldocustomersnogoodinthelongrun.答案C[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“buteventuallytheywillreallyneed...inalow－interest－rateworld.”可知，信用卡可以为银行创造相对高的收益。](2023·长沙高三月考)Everyonewhoknewanythingaboutanimalswarnedmeagainstgettingarabbitinmyearly20s，butIignoredthem，andendedupwiththree.Itturnsoutthatallthepeoplewhoareagainstrabbitshaveapoint：Rabbitsgetsickallthetime,andthereareveryfewvets(兽医)whospecializeintheircare.Myyearswithrabbitshavebeenfulloffeeding,hurriedtripstothevet，sleeplessnightsandbeggingforadviceontheInternet.Nowthatmyanimalsareoldandweaknow,Icleartheirwasteandcleantheirlegswitharabbit－friendlyshampoo(洗涤剂).Ispendalotoftimeonthefloor,becausealthoughmyrabbitsarehardtosatisfysocially,theyalsohatetobepickedup.Iamoftenaskedthequestion：Whyrabbits?Whynotadog,oracat?Itrytodescribewhatit’sliketobewiththem.IhadneverfeltarealdutytowardsanythinguntilIhadmyrabbits.Myanswersneversatisfyanyone.I’mnotsureaboutthequestion,either—itsooftenimpliesinstrumentalvalue,asifthecorrectreplymightbe“Theymakegoodcompanions”or“They’renicetolookat”.Idon’thavetherightkindofreason.Idon’tbelieveintheusevalueofanylivingthing.Like__humans，animals__just__are—that’s__it.Usuallywedonotlookatotherpeopleandthinkabouthowtomakethemworkforus.Yetsomuchofourwayofseeingtheworldisfoundedontheassumptionthatanimalsaremeanttoserveapurpose.Thisseemswrong.Afteralltheseyearswithmyrabbits,theonlythingIknowisthatthereisnolessontobelearnedorvaluetobeacquired.There’sjustanefforttobemade,andasfarasI’mconcerned,that’swhatlifeis.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作者通过养兔子的经历明白了生活的真谛：生活是需要不断努力的。9.Whydopeopleopposekeepingrabbits?A.It’sveryboring.B.Itcostsafortune.C.It’sratherdemanding.D.Itmakesthehousemessy.答案C[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“allthepeoplewhoareagainstrabbitshaveapoint...care”可知，兔子经常生病，专门治疗兔子的兽医很少，再结合第一段最后一句可推知，养兔子要求过于苛刻。]10.Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribetheauthor?A.Considerate. B.Knowledgeable.C.Sociable. D.Energetic.答案A[推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者照顾他的兔子时非常细心，考虑很周到。]11.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph4?A.Animalsshouldbetreateddifferently.B.Animalsshouldn’tbejudgedonsomepurpose.C.Thevalueofanimalsshouldn’tbeignored.D.Humansshouldliveinharmonywithanimals.答案B[句意猜测题。根据第三段和第四段内容可知，作者经常会被问到为什么养兔子而不是养狗或猫，他认为这一问题常常暗示工具价值，人们看待世界的方式大多建立在动物起到某一作用这一假设上，作者认为这是不正确的。由此可以推知，画线句表达的意思是人们不应该基于某种作用来评判动物。]12.Whateffectdoesraisingrabbitshaveontheauthor?A.Hekeepsbeingtruetohimself.B.Hereflectsonhislifemoredeeply.C.Helearnstovalueothers’opinion.D.Herealizesthemeaningoflife.答案D[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，养兔子的经历让作者意识到努力才是生活的意义。]Ⅱ.语法填空(2023·苏北四市高三调研)Consistingofabambooframeanda1._____________(delicate)paintedpapersurface,Chineseoil－paperumbrellashavelongbeenviewedasasymbolofChina’straditionofculturalcraftsmanshipandpoeticbeauty.Theyarenotjustaninstrumenttokeepoffrainorsunlight,butalsoworksofart2.____________(possess)richculturalsignificanceandaesthetic(美学的)value.Thefirstoil－paperumbrellasappearedduringtheEasternHanDynasty(25AD－220AD).Later,they3.____________(bring)overseastoJapanandancientKoreaduringtheTangDynasty(618－907),whichis4.____________theywereknownas“Tangumbrellas”.IttakesquitealotoftimeandefforttomakeatraditionalChineseoil－paperumbrella5.____________hand.Forexample,intheFenshuitownshipinLuzhou，SichuanProvince,craftsmenmustcompletemorethan90stepsanduseover100differenttools6._________________(create)asinglehandmadeoil－paperumbrella.Sincetheappearanceofmodernmechanicalumbrellas,traditionaloil－paperumbrellas7.____________(suffer)fromdecliningsales,while8.____________numberofcraftsmenhasbeenonthedecrease.Fortunately,withthe9.____________(include)ofFenshuioil－paperumbrellasasoneofChina’snationalintangibleculturalheritagesin2008,thingshavebeenimproving.Thesegreatitemsappearinmanyfashionshowsandmediapublicationsduetothepositivepublicity10.____________theyhavereceived.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了中国传统文物油纸伞的历史和制作过程等。1.delicately[考查词性转换。修饰过去分词式的形容词painted，故应填副词de