2025年高考英语大二轮-强化练(八)思辨型语篇

强化练(八)思辨型语篇考情速递：思辨素养是高考英语科三大素养之一，指在使用英语进行交际或学习时，独立思考与判断，运用科学思维方式发现问题、分析问题并解决问题的意识和能力。因此高考试题在选材中会选取一些思辨气息浓郁的说明文或议论文，旨在培养同学们的辩证思维、批判性思维等高阶思维能力。Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·青岛高三期末)“Practicemakesperfect”isaverypopularexpression.However,canwetakethissayingliterally？Manyscientificstudieshavesoughttoeitherproveordisprovethisidea.Onepopulartheoryisthatifapersonpracticesforatleast10，000hours,theywillreach“perfection”，orbecomeanexpertintheirfield.ThistheorywasmadefamousbyMalcolmGladwellinhis2008best－sellingbook,Outliers：TheStoryofSuccess.HementionedthemusicgroupTheBeatlesandMicrosoftco－creatorBillGates.Althoughtheyallseemedtohavelotsofnaturaltalent,theyalsoclearlyputinover10，000hoursofpracticebeforetheybecamesuccessful.Gladwell’sworkwaslargelybasedonresearchdonebyAndersEricsson,whoarguedthatGladwellmisinterpretedhisresearch.Firstly,Ericssonstatedthat10，000hourswasanaveragefigure.Somepeopleneededfarfewerthan10，000hours,andothersmanymore.Moreimportantly,Ericssonsaidthatjustpracticingalotwasnotenough;thetypeandqualityofpracticewerealsoessential.Hewentontoexplaintheimportanceof“deliberatepractice”，whichiswhenapersonpracticesaspecificpartofaskillindepthratherthanpracticingaskillasawhole.AmorerecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversitystatedthatpracticeonlyaccountedforupto26%ofreachinganexpertlevel.Manypeoplesaythatnaturaltalenthasalargeinfluenceonbecominganexpert.Anothernaturalfactorisphysicalsuperiority,whichisespeciallyevidentinsports.IQ,personality,attitude,andstartingagearedecisive,too.Butbecominganexpertdoesn’tequalinstantsuccess,whichalsoreliesonsocialandenvironmentalfactors.Inconclusion，practicemaynotmakeperfect，butdeliberatepracticehasbeenshowntoleadtosignificantimprovement.BasedonEricsson’sresearch，herearesometipsonhowtopracticeeffectively:bemotivated;makespecificandrealisticgoals；workoutsideyourcomfortzone;beconsistentandpersistent；andgetplentyofrest!Forthosewantingtobecomeanexpertinsomething,rememberthatbeingmotivatediskey—enjoywhatyoudoandfollowyourpassions.【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章论证了练习可能无法达到完美，但刻意练习已经被证明能带来明显的提高。1.HowdidGladwellsupporthisidea?A.Bylistingnumbers.B.Byusingexamples.C.Byinterviewingfamouspeople.D.Bymentioningotherresearchers.答案B[写作手法题。根据第二段中的“Hementionedthemusicgroup...beforetheybecamesuccessful.”可知，格拉德威尔是通过乐队和微软联合创始人为例来支持他的1万小时理论的。]2.WhichofthefollowingmayEricssondisagreewith?A.Practicealoneisfarfromenough.B.10，000hoursofpracticeleadstosuccess.C.Practicehoursvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Deliberatepracticeismuchmoreeffective.答案B[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Ericssonsaidthatjustpracticingalotwasnotenough；thetypeandqualityofpracticewerealsoessential.”可知，Ericsson认为，只大量练习是不够的，实践的类型和质量也很重要。由此可知，Ericsson可能不同意一万个小时的练习通向成功这个观点。]3.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Theroleofpractice.B.Factorsincreatingexperts.C.Theimportanceofnaturaltalent.D.Warningsforexperts.答案B[段落大意题。第四段提到普林斯顿大学最近的一项研究表明，练习只占到达到专家水平的26%；很多人说天赋对成为专家有很大的影响；另一个自然因素是身体优势，这在体育运动中尤其明显；智商、性格、态度和起步年龄也是决定性因素，但成为专家并不是一蹴而就的，成功还取决于社会和环境因素。由此可知，这段主要讲的是成为专家的一些因素。]4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheidea“Practicemakesperfect”？A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Objective.答案D[观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Inconclusion，practicemay...tosignificantimprovement.”可知，熟可能不能生巧，但刻意的练习已被证明能带来显著的进步。再结合第二段内容可推知，作者对“熟能生巧”这一观点持客观的态度。](2023·巴蜀中学月考)IntherecentlyopenedOurBrokenPlanetexhibitioninLondon’sNaturalHistoryMuseum，asmallpieceofdarkmaterialcoveredwithfaintholesisonshowinadisplaycontainer.Thenodule(小圆块)couldeasilybemistakenforcoal，butitstruenatureismuchmoreinteresting.ThenoduleisacombinationofmetalsandoceanographershavediscoveredtrillionsofthemonEarth’soceanfloors.Eachisrichinsomeofthemostimportantelementsformakingtheelectriccars,windturbinesandsolarpanelsthatweneedtoreplacethecarbon－emittingmotors,powerplantsandfactoriesnowdamagingourclimate.Thesenodulescouldthereforehelphumanitysaveitselffromtheilleffectsofglobalwarming,andargueminingcompanieswhosaytheirexploitationshouldberatedaninternationalpriority.Byminingupchunks(厚块)fromthedeepwecanslowtheburningofourplanet’ssurface.“Wedesperatelyneedsubstantialamountsofmetalscontainedinthesenodulestobuildelectriccarsandpowerplants，”saysHansSmit，chiefexecutiveofFlorida’sOceansMineralsLLC,whichhasannouncedplanstominefornodules.“Wecannotincreaselandsuppliesofthesemetalswithouthavingasignificantenvironmentalimpact.It’sour__only__alternative.”Otherresearchersdisagree,however.Theysayminingdeep－seanoduleswouldbedisastrousforouralreadystressed,plastic－ridden,overheatedoceans.Delicate,long－livingresidentsofthedeep—shells，fish,coralsandsquids—wouldbeerasedbymining.Atthesametime,mudwithpoisonousmetalswouldbesentupwardstodisturbthemarinefoodchains.“Itishardtoimaginehowseabedminescouldworkablyoperatewithoutdestroyingtheoceanspecies，”saysUKmarinebiologistHelenScales,aviewsharedbyDavidAttenborough,whohascalledforapauseonalldeep－seaminingplans.“Inthiscaseitmeansthedestructionofanecosystem,anissueworththebestattentionfromeveryentity(实体)involved，”hesays.Forbetterorworse,thesemineralnodulesaregoingtoplayacriticalroleindeterminingourfuture—eitherbyreleasingusfromourcurrentecologicalheadachesorbystimulatingevenmorefataloutcomes.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了深海开采矿物小圆块的利弊。5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthenoduleondisplay?A.Aninterestingartificialartwork.B.Adifficult－to－tellchunkofcoal.C.Anoceanicpiecerichinmetals.D.Acontainerforelectricmaterials.答案C[细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thenoduleisacombination...onEarth’soceanfloors.”可知，这种小圆块是金属的结合体，海洋学家在地球的海底发现了数万亿种金属。由此可知，展出的小圆块是从深海开采来的且富含金属元素。]6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“ouronlyalternative”inparagraph4referto?A.Newtechnologyforpowerplants.B.Massiveproductionofelectriccars.C.Landexploitationformoreminerals.D.Underwaterminingforspecificmetals.答案D[词义猜测题。第四段陈述的是支持深海开采的HansSmit的观点，故可猜测该段中画线部分的“ouronlyalternative”指的是特定金属的水下开采。]7.WhatisDavid’smajorconcernfordeep－seanoduleexploitation?A.Thedisorderlymovementsofoceanspecies.B.Thedisturbanceofecologicalbalanceatsea.C.Theoperationalworkabilityforseabedmining.D.Theunevendistributionofprofitsamongentities.答案B[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Inthiscaseitmeansthedestructionofanecosystem，anissueworththebestattentionfromeveryentity(实体)involved”可知，在这种情况下，它意味着生态系统的破坏，这是一个值得每一个相关实体高度关注的问题。由此可推知，David主要担心深海开采会破坏生态系统，打破它的平衡。]8.Whydothemineralnodulesplayacriticalroleindeterminingourfuture?A.Theycanbeusedbothforgoodandforbad.B.Theirexploitationcanbringopposingeffects.C.Theycontainbeneficialandharmfulelements.D.Theirexploiterscannotreachagreementtillnow.答案B[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，这些矿物小圆块要么把我们从目前令人头痛的生态问题中解脱出来，要么引发更致命的后果。由此可推知，矿物小圆块在决定我们的未来方面起着至关重要的作用是因为它们的开采可能会带来相反的效果。](2023·武汉高三质检)IwasnotworriedabouttheAmericaneducationsystemuntilafterIstartedwritingacolumn,becausethat’swhenIfoundoutthereareEnglishteacherswhoassignmycolumnasreadingmaterial.Iregularlygete－mailsfromstudentsaskingaboutmyuseofwritingtechniquesandotherthingsI’veneverheardof.AndIrespond，“Transfer(转学)tohighschoolsimmediately!ToonethatteachesShakespeareandHomerinsteadofthethoughtfulcommentaryofthefirst－ratemodernwisdom！”Icanexpecttobesendingmoreofthesee－mailsbecauseoftheCommonCoreStateStandards(共同核心国家标准),whichpublicschoolsareencouragedtofollow.Thenewcurriculumstandardsdramaticallyshiftabouthalfthenation’shighschoolEnglishreadingliststowardanemphasisonnonfiction.Inaspeechlastyear，DavidColeman,thenewpresidentoftheCollegeBoard，whowasoneofthechiefcreatorsoftheCommonCoreStateStandardsInitiative,said，“Itisrareinaworkingenvironmentthatsomeonesays，‘Johnson,IneedamarketanalysisbyFriday,butbeforethatIneedavividaccountofyourchildhood.’”Iagreewiththis,butnoonehaseveraskedmeforamarketanalysis.Coleman’sideaisthatbyreadingclear,tightlystructurednonfiction,kidswilllearnhowtowriteclear，tightlystructurednonfiction.Andindeed,thefirsttimeIwroteinanewformat—atravelessay,ascreenplay，anapologye－mail—Ireadabunchofexamples.ButwhenIwantmywritingtoimprove,Ireadsomethingthatforcesmetothinkaboutwordsdifferently：anovel,apoem,aGeorgeW.Bush’sspeech.Fictionteachesyouhowtotellastory,whichishowweexpressandremembernearlyeverything.Anyway,schoolisn’tmerelytrainingforwork;it’strainingforcommunicationthroughoutourlives.【语篇解读】本文是议论文。针对美国教育系统的问题，作者认为要提高写作水平可以阅读各种类型的读物，如小说、诗歌、演讲等，以促使自己用不同的方式思考词汇。高中阅读不应该只提倡非小说类纪实作品，学校的工作更应强调教会学生沟通。9.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhiscolumnwasusedasstudents’assignment?A.Proud. B.Satisfied.C.Concerned. D.Disappointed.答案C[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Iwasnotworriedabout...readingmaterial.”可知，当自己的专栏作品被用于学生的作业时，作者对此很担心。]10.WhatshouldhighschoolsdoaccordingtoDavidColeman?A.Stressnonfiction.B.Readmorefiction.C.Teachmarketanalysis.D.Encouragewriting.答案A[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thenewcurriculum...emphasisonnonfiction”可知，新课程标准使高中英语阅读清单转向强调非小说类纪实作品。而DavidColeman作为新课程标准的其中一个首席创造者，他应该也强调非小说类纪实作品。]11.WhydoesthewriterturntoaGeorgeW.Bush’sspeech?A.Tocreatewords. B.Tobetterhiswriting.C.Totellastory. D.Tofollowtheformat.答案B[细节理解题。根据尾段中的“ButwhenIwant...aGeorgeW.Bush’sspeech”可知，为了提高写作水平，使自己能用不同的方式思考词汇，作者阅读小说、诗歌并听乔治·布什的演讲。]12.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theshiftofteachingtechniques.B.ThetrendofreadingShakespeare.C.Theeffectsofthenewcurriculumstandards.D.TheproblemwithAmericaneducationsystem.答案D[文章大意题。通读全文可知，本文首句“Iwasnotworried...mycolumnasreadingmaterial”是文章主题句。结合下文内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者对美国教育系统问题的担心和质疑。新课程标准使高中英语阅读清单转向强调非小说类纪实作品，但作者认为学校不应该仅仅教会学生工作，更应该教会学生沟通。]Ⅱ.语法填空(2023·锦州高三期末统考)GoingtoZhangjiajieremindspeopleofthemountainsinAvatar.Forthosewholovenature,ZhangjiajieNationalParkis1.____________musttovisit.ItisnowaUNESCOWorldHeritagesite,onethathasseentourismboom,stimulatingeconomic2.____________(grow),andprovidingalotofjob3.____________(opportunity)forthelocals.Overtheyears,therockcavesandkarst(喀斯特)formations4.____________(lead)peopletocallita“fairyland”.Theparkhasthickforests,deepcanyons,unusualpeaks,caves,andpillar－like(像柱子似的)rockformationsblanketedthroughoutthepark.Thesepillar－likerockformationsare5.____________theparkisfamousforaroundtheworld.Oneofthefastestandmost6.____________(effort)waystoexperiencetheareaisbyridinguptheworld’stallestoutdoorelevator.The326－meter－tallglassBailongElevator7.____________(build)ontothesideofacliffatthestartofthiscenturyandoffersamazingviewsofthepark.ZhangjiajieNationalParkisalsohome8.____________manyendangeredspeciesofanimalsandplants,andtheChinesegovernmenthastakenconservationefforts9.____________(preserve)thelandscape,whichwill10.____________(undoubted)helpbalancetheecosystembetterformorepeopletoenjoytheout－of－this－worldscenery.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。介绍了被列入联合国教科文组织的世界遗产：张家界国家公园。1.a[考查冠词。句意：对于热爱大自然的人来说，张家界国家公园是一个必游之地。该空后must作名词意为“必做之事，必备之物”，可数名词，此处主语及谓语动词都使用了单数形式，且该空表泛指，must的发音以辅音音素开头，应填不定冠词a。]2.growth[考查词性转换。句意：它现在是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产，一个见证了旅游业繁荣，刺激经济增长，并为当地人提供了大量就业机会的地方。分析句子，该空需要一个名词作宾语，前面有形容词修饰。所给词grow为动词，其名词形式growth符合题意。]3.op