2025年高考英语大二轮-培优练(二十五)2023福建高三毕业班适应性考试

培优练(二十五)2023·福建省高三毕业班适应性考试40分钟Ⅰ.阅读理解ManyofthetopmuseumsandculturalattractionsinL.A.areyourbestchoicesifyouvisitLosAngeles.Fromancientartifactstomodernart,readonforourguideinLosAngeles.MuseumofLatinAmericanArt:Foundedin1996,itistheonlyartmuseumintheUnitedStatesdevotedtomodernandcontemporaryLatinAmericanart.Sinceitsbeginning,ithasdoubleditssize,addeda15，000－square－footsculpturegardenandexpandeditspermanentcollection,rangingfromworksbyTamayoandMattatoCruz－Diez,LosCarpinterosandTunga.FreeadmissioneverySunday.AutryMuseumoftheAmericanWest:LocatedinGriffithPark,theAutryfeaturesworld－classgalleriesfilledwithNativeAmericanartandartifacts,filmmemorabilia,historicfirearmsandmore.TheAutry’scollectionofmorethan500，000piecesofartandartifactsincludestheSouthwestMuseumoftheAmericanIndianCollection,oneofthelargestandmostsignificantcollectionsofNativeAmericanmaterialsinthecountry.FreeadmissiononthesecondTuesdayofeverymonth.DescansoGardens:LocatedinLaCañadaFlintridge,the160－acreDescansoGardenswasoriginallydevelopedin1936byEliasManchesterBoddy,whosenumerousinterestsincludedhorticultureandpolitics.DescansoGardensoffersnumerousareasforexploring，includingaJapaneseteagarden,water－wisegarden，OakWoodland,CaliforniaGarden,andtheworld’slargestcollectionofcamelliaflowers.FreeadmissiononthethirdTuesdayofeverymonth.KidspaceChildren’sMuseum:Foundedin1979bymembersoftheCaltechcommunityandJuniorLeagueofPasadena,themuseumdevelopsthepotentialofallkidsthroughkid－drivenexperiences,inspiringthemtobecomejoyful,activelearners.AdmissiontothemuseumisfreeonFirstFridays.【语篇解读】本文是应用文，介绍了洛杉矶三个值得参观的博物馆和一个花园。1.WhatisspecialaboutMuseumofLatinAmericanArt?A.Ithasaverylonghistory.B.Ithasbeencontinuouslyenlarged.C.ItownsNativeAmericanartifacts.D.Itoffersawiderangeofexploration.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段的“Sinceitsbeginning...LosCarpinterosandTunga”可知，拉丁美洲艺术博物馆自成立以来便不断扩大。]2.Whichofthefollowinghelpstopromoteinitiative?A.MuseumofLatinAmericanArt.B.AutryMuseumoftheAmericanWest.C.DescansoGardens.D.KidspaceChildren’sMuseum.答案D[细节理解题。根据最后一段的“themuseumdevelopsthepotential...activelearners”可知，儿童空间博物馆通过以儿童为主导的体验开发所有孩子的潜力，鼓励他们成为快乐的、积极的学习者。据此可知，儿童空间博物馆促进了孩子们的潜力开发，并鼓励他们成为积极、快乐的学习者。]3.Whatdothemuseumsandthegardenshaveincommon?A.Theytakeuplargeareas.B.Theyhavediversecultures.C.Theycollectartworkspermanently.D.Theyofferfreeadmissionregularly.答案D[细节理解题。通读全文可知，每个介绍的最后一句都说明了定期免费入场的信息，据此可知，这四个地点的共同之处是可以定期免费入场。]Gutiérrez’slifewouldneverbethesameagainafterfindingacopyofAnnaKareninabyLeoTolstoyinthegarbage20yearsago.Ithappenedwhilehewasdrivinghisgarbagetruckthroughwealthierneighbourhoodsatnightandseeingabandonedbooks.Itarousedhisdesiretostartrescuingbooksfromthegarbage.Heusedtotakehomebetween50and60bookseverymorning.Eventually,heturnedhisbookcollectionintoacommunitylibraryforchildrenfromlow－incomefamilies.Colombia’scapitalcityofBogotáhas19publiclibraries.However,theselibrariestendtobefarawayfromwhereruralandpoorercommunitieslive.Theoptionofbuyingnewbooksisnon－existentforfamiliesstrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Gutiérrez’scommunitylibraryisatruerepresentationofhowoneman’sgarbagecanbeanother’streasure.Gutiérrezgrewuppoor,andhisfamilycouldnotaffordtoeducatehimbeyondprimaryschool.Nevertheless,hismotherwasapassionatereaderandreadstoriestohimeverynight.HerloveforbooksleftadeepimpressiononGutiérrez.Today,hismakeshiftcommunitylibrary，called“TheStrengthofWords”，occupiesmostofhishomeinsouthernBogotá，andispiledfromfloortoceilingwithfictionandnon－fictiontitles.Everythingfromschooltextbookstostorybookscanbefoundinhiscollectionofmorethan20，000books!Asthewordbegantospreadabouthisamazingproject,peoplebegansendinghimmanymorebookstogrowhislibrary.Despitehavingdonesomuchforhiscommunity,Gutiérrezisnotyetcontenttocallitaday.Hecontinuestosearchthroughgarbagecansforreadingmaterials.Today,theGutiérrezfamilydoesnotmerelywanttostartlibrariesinneighbourhoods.Theywanttocreatespacesforschoolchildrentospendtheirtimereading.Gutiérrez’sjourneytogivebacktohislocalcommunityisanamazingexampleofhoweveryoneofuscanimprovethelivesofthosearoundus.HowmightwetakealeafoutofGutiérrez’sbookandimpactthelessfortunatearoundus?【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。Gutiérrez在富人区的垃圾堆里偶然发现了一本被丢弃的列夫·托尔斯泰的《安娜·卡列尼娜》，这使他有了从垃圾堆捡书、为低收入家庭的孩子建立图书馆的想法。他得到了社会的支持并成功创办了社区图书馆。4.WhatinspiredGutiérreztorescueunwantedbooks？A.TheabandonedAnnaKarenina.B.LeoTolstoy’slife.C.Children’slivingconditions.D.Acommunitylibrary.答案A[细节理解题。根据第一段的“Gutiérrez’slifewould...20yearsago”和“Itarousedhisdesire...fromthegarbage”可知，Gutiérrez在垃圾堆里发现了列夫·托尔斯泰的《安娜·卡列尼娜》，这使他有了从垃圾堆里捡书的想法。被丢弃的《安娜·卡列尼娜》启发他搜集人们不需要的书。]5.WhydidGutiérrezstart“TheStrengthofWords”？A.Tocreateaharmoniousneighbourhood.B.Togivehismothersufficientbooks.C.Tofacilitatechildren’sreading.D.Toimprovethecommunitylife.答案C[细节理解题。根据第二段的“Colombia’scapitalcity...makeendsmeet”可知，虽然哥伦比亚的首都波哥大有19座公共图书馆，但这些图书馆远离农村和贫困社区；那些努力维持生计的家庭几乎没有买新书的。再结合第四段内容可知，他创立“文字的力量”图书馆是为了方便贫困孩子阅读。]6.WhatcanbestdescribeGutiérrez?A.Devotedandtalented.B.Intelligentandgenerous.C.Passionateandwell－educated.D.Creativeandcaring.答案D[推理判断题。通读第一段可知，Gutiérrez偶然在富人区的垃圾堆里捡到一本《安娜·卡列尼娜》，这使他有了搜集废旧书籍建立图书馆供贫困孩子阅读的想法；结合第五、六段内容可知，他成功地建立了“文字的力量”图书馆，为贫困孩子提供了免费的阅读场所，据此可以推知，他是一位有创造力并乐于助人的人。]7.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DesireforReadingB.FromGarbagetoTreasureC.Gutiérrez’sKindnessD.AnAmazingModelofEducation答案B[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要描述了Gutiérrez将别人扔掉的书籍收集起来建立图书馆的故事，说明一个人的垃圾可能是另一个人的财富。故B项最适合作为本文标题。]You’veheardanoldChinesesayingbefore:Giveamanafishandyoufeedhimforaday;teachamantofishandyoufeedhimforalifetime.Youmayevenbenoddingyourheadinagreementrightnow.However,wecanhaveadifferentunderstandingofit.Whenapersonisstarving,that’snotthetimetofillhisheadwithknowledgebuttofirstgivethepersonafish—eradicatinghishunger—andonlythenteachhimtofish.Fartoooften,peopleignorethiscommon－sensefirststep.Theyseesomeonewhoisstruggling，andtheyrushtoofferwisdom.“LetmetellyouwhatI’ddoinyourposition，”awell－meaningindividualmightoffer.Butfewofusunderstandtheanxiety,confusionanduncertaintythatcomewithoverwhelmingneed.Peoplemeetingwithpersonaldisastersdon’thavetheabilitytothinkstraight.Theirnervesmaybeshot.Theirconfidencemaybenon－existent.Canyouimaginewhatitwouldbeliketobeinthatperson’ssituation?Rushingtoofferastrugglingpersonlong－termadviceisawasteoftime.Instead,itmakesfarmoresensetohelpthemregaintheiremotionalbalance.Oncetheirears,heartandmindopen,you’llhaveanopportunitytoteachanewskill.Buthowdoweknowwhetherapersonneedsafishbeforeafishinglesson?Twothings:Oneistheabilitytopayattention.Weneedtoknowwhethertheotherpersonisopenandreceptive,orlookingattheworldthroughnarrowedeyes.Youcan’tjusttaketheirwordsbuthavetolookathowthepersonactsandwhattheydon’tsay.Theotherisempathy(共情).Themoresuccessfulyouare,theharderitistoimaginewhatitmustbeliketobetheopposite.Trytocreateasafeenvironmentforemotionalacceptancebeforethefishinglesson.【语篇解读】本文是议论文。人们总认为饥饿的人最需要的是食物，只有填饱肚子才能帮助他们平复因饥饿而产生的焦虑、困惑等消极因素，让他们愿意接受新思想，第二步才能教会他们智慧和方法。但是，人们往往忽视了第一步的重要性。8.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Toillustrateaconcept.B.Tobringinanewviewpoint.C.Tointroducethebackground.D.Toputupanexample.答案B[写作手法题。通读第一段并结合下文内容可知，该段从中国谚语“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”说起，引出本文的新观点：在别人饥饿时，当务之急是给他食物让他消除饥饿，这是关键的一步，却常被人忽略。]9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eradicating”meaninParagraph2?A.Gettingridof.B.Payingattentionto.C.Makingupfor.D.Puttingupwith.答案A[词义猜测题。根据第二段的“tofirstgivethepersonafish—eradicatingtheirhunger”并结合常识可知，当一个人挨饿的时候，不要给他灌输知识，而是先给他一条鱼，以消除他们的饥饿，然后再教他们钓鱼。据此可知，画线词意为“消除”。]10.Whatshouldwedofirstforthoseindisasters?A.Getthemtothinkstraight.B.Enhancetheirconfidence.C.Satisfytheirprimaryneeds.D.Teachthemanewskill.答案C[推理判断题。根据第二段的“Whenapersonis...teachhimtofish”可知，当一个人挨饿的时候，不要给他灌输知识，而是先给他一条鱼以消除他的饥饿，然后再教他钓鱼。据此可以推知，对于那些身陷灾难中的人，我们首先应当满足其基本需求。]11.Whichdoestheauthorprobablyagreewithaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Liveandlearn.B.Neverteachafishtoswim.C.Putyourselfinothers’shoes.D.Don’tteachanolddognewtricks.答案C[推理判断题。通读尾段可知，尾段指出确定一个人在上钓鱼课之前是否需要一条鱼，第一要看对方集中注意力的能力，要确定对方是开放的、乐意接受的；第二是要有同理心，即让对方在安全的环境中接受帮助。据此可知，尾段强调应当设身处地为别人着想，故C项正确。A项意为“活到老，学到老”；B项意为“不要班门弄斧”；D项意为“老古董学不会新东西”，都与文意不符。]Mostpeoplefindsugarhardtoresist.Ourbrainsneedlotsofenergyandsugaryfoodsprovideplentyofit.Butwhencaloriesaretooreadilyavailable,itiseasytooverdoit.Therehasbeennoshortageofresearchonsugarreplacementswithoutthecalories,butevidencefromanimalandhumanstudieshaslinkedsometoweightgain.OnepromisingalternativeisfoundinthefruitofSynsepalumdulcificum(神秘果),aplantnativetoWestAfrica.Theseso－calledmiracleberriesdon’ttastesugarythemselves,butifyoutrysomethingsourafterwardsitwilltasteunusuallysweet.InBenin,thefruitiseatenfreshandismostlyusedasasweetenertohavewithsourfoodsanddrinks,saysDèdéoufromauniversityinBenin.Theberrywithmiraculin(神秘果蛋白)isveryappreciatedbylocalconsumers,especiallythekidsandpeoplewithdiabetes(糖尿病).Despitethemiracleberry’spromiseasasugarreplacement,itisonlyproducedonalimitedscaleandisn’tavailableworldwide.Theberriesdon’ttravelwellandtheplantisslowtogrow.Tocreateanalternativesourceofmiraculin，researchersattheUniversityofTsukubainJapanhavegeneticallyengineeredtomatoestoproducetheprotein，butthisisn’tnecessary,saysTchokponhouéwhoseteamisworkingtohelpenlargetheproductionofmiracleberriesinWestAfrica.Earlierthisyear,ateamatHainanUniversityinChinapublishedthegenome(基因组)ofSynsepalumdulcificum,whichmayhelp.Spanishstart－upBaïaFoodhasplanstopromotesustainablegrowthoftheplantinGhanaandmarketthedriedberries.Youcanordertabletsoffreeze－driedmiracleberriesonlinebuttheyarepricey,costingaround￡18forapackof10.Ifyoucanaffordit,theberry’staste－twistingpowerisfuntotryathome.Letthetabletmeltonyourtongue,thentrytastingacidicfoodssuchaslemons.Theeffectshouldlastbetween15and60minutes.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。糖对人体有着一定的副作用，会导致体重增加。研究发现，非洲的一种浆果有一种特殊的蛋白质，和酸味食品搭配食用后会非常甜；日本的研究人员对西红柿进行了基因改造，以产生更多的特殊蛋白质；中国海南大学的一个研究团队也有了突破。12.WhatdoweknowaboutSynsepalumdulcificum?A.Itcontainshighcalories.B.Itisrelatedtoweightgain.C.Ittastesunusuallysweet.D.Itservesasasugarreplacement.答案D[细节理解题。根据第一段的“Onepromisingalternative...tasteunusuallysweet”可知，神秘果有望作为糖的替代品，因为它本身不含糖，但同酸的食品搭配食用时，会非常甜。]13.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Effortsmadetoobtainmoremiraculin.B.Genomepublishedtohelpdotheresearch.C.Creationadvocatedtoproducemiracleberries.D.Transformationsperformedtoengineertomatoes.答案A[段落大意题。通读第四段可知，为了生产更多的神秘果蛋白，日本的研究人员对西红柿基因进行了改造，中国海南大学的研究人员也对神秘果的基因进行了研究。据此可知，该段主要介绍人们对如何生产更多神秘果蛋白的研究。]14.Whatcanwesayabouttabletsoffreeze－driedmiracleberries?A.Theyaresour.B.Theyareinexpensive.C.Theyareaccessible.D.Theyareproductive.答案C[细节理解题。根据尾段的“Youcanordertabletsoffreeze－driedmiracleberriesonline”可知，这种冷冻干燥的神奇浆果片可以在网上购得，故这种产品是可以获得的。]15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetogettingthesugaralternative?A.Doubtful. B.Optimistic.C.Defensive. D.Conservative.答案B[观点态度题。根据尾段的“Youcanordertablets...Theeffectshouldlastbetween15and60minutes”可知，这种浆果可以网购获得，虽然价格昂贵，但是如果你能负担得起的话，在家里尝试这种浆果是很有趣的。据此可以推知，作者对这种糖的替代品持乐观态度。]Ⅱ.七选五Sciencefictiontelevisionhasdonealottoshapehowweviewthemealsofthefuture,fromaneveningdinnerinpillformtomachinesgivingusanymealwedesire,ondemand.__16__However,whiletheseideasforfoodcreationaremorethanfiftyyearsold,thewayweproduceandconsumefoodhasnotchangedverymuch.Eventhoughthereisenoughfoodavailabletodaytofeedtheworld,morethan870millionpeopledonothaveenoughtoeat.__17__Withtheglobalpopulationexpectedtogrowtomorethanninebillionby2050,demandforfoodwillonlyincrease.Nopillsormachineshavesolvedourfoodproblemsyet.However,agriculturalsciencehasbeenresponsibleforsavinghugenumbersoflives.Scienceandtechnologyhelpedusoutofstarvationduringthe1960sand1970swhentheworld’spopulationexploded.__18__Theresultofthispanicwasthe“greenrevolution”，whichsawtheintroductiontofarmingofhighproductiongrains,improvedirrigationsystemsandhybridseeds，savingoveronebillionpeoplefromstarvation.__19__Havingenoughfoodisonlythefirststep.Therearecomplicationswithnaturaldisasters,conflict,povertyandenvironmentalproblems.Allthesecanmeanthatthefoodsupplyisputatrisk.__20__Manypeopleareconcernedabout“playingaroundwithnature”，adjustinghowfoodlooksandtastesandsmells,andotherhumaninterference(干预),allofwhicharewidespread.Anyhow,theworldhasnotbeencompletelysavedfromstarvation,butweareonthewaytogettingthere.A.Agriculturalsciencewasquiteasuccess.B.Therearemanycomplexitieswhendealingwithfood.C.Modernscienceandtechnologyoffoodcontributesalot.D.Nobodywouldeverstarveiffoodwerethiseasytoobtain.E.Anditisunbelievablethathungerkillsmorepeoplethandiseasedoes.F.Thentherearet