2025年高考英语大二轮-培优练(二十一)2023济南3月高三模拟考试

三、50分阅读限时练备考指导：四选一阅读和七选五阅读作为新高考试卷中占总分值比例最大的题型，在英语高考试卷中的地位举足轻重。“得阅读者得高考”，本部分的答题速度和准确率将直接影响后面的答题。另外，阅读也是考生积累词汇和拓宽知识面的重要手段，因此足够量的训练至关重要。培优练(二十一)2023·济南3月高三模拟考试40分钟Ⅰ.阅读理解Getreadytostartyourjourneytothebestpublicuniversitysystemintheworld—withjustoneapplication.ApplyformorethanoneUCcampusThiswillsignificantlyincreaseyourchancesofbeingadmittedtotheUCsystem.Whileyoumaynotreceiveanofferofadmissionfromyourfirst－choicecampus,allofourcampuses—withoutexception—provideoutstandingopportunitiesforyoutolearnandgrow.ApplyontimeYoucanfillouttheapplicationinasmanysessionsasyouwant.JustremembertosubmititbyNovember30forthefallterm.CreateanaccountAnemailaddressandanemailpasswordarerequiredinordertocreateanaccount.Youshouldusetheemailaccountyouuseforallapplications,sojustmakeiteasiertoremember.Wealsorecommendyouuseanon－schoolissuedemailaccounte.g.Gmail,Yahoo!Mail.Campusessendimportantandtime－sensitivecorrespondencetoapplicants,soyoushouldcheckyouremailregularlytofollowuponyourapplication.SaveinformationYoushouldclick“Save&Continue”atthebottomofeachpagetosaveanyenteredinformation—thereisa20－minuteinactivityperiodafterwhichtheapplicationwillautomaticallysignyouout.Ifyou’vesuccessfullyansweredallrequiredquestions,thepagewillbemarkedwithacheckmarkontheright－handside.ConfirmationOnceyou’vesubmittedyourapplication,you’llseeaconfirmationpagewithimportantremindersandyourUCapplicationIDnumberwhichisusedtoaccessthevariouscampuswebsitesand,inmanycases,toaccessyouradmissiondecisions.【语篇解读】本文是应用文。介绍了投递申请进入世界上最好的公立大学系统的步骤和流程。1.Whatshouldstudentsdotoincreaseadmissionchances?A.Submitapplicationsontime.B.Applyformultiplecampuses.C.Openmorethanoneaccount.D.Decideononeidealcampus.答案B[细节理解题。根据ApplyformorethanoneUCcampus部分中的第一句话可知，“This”指代的是“ApplyformorethanoneUCcampus”。由此可知，多申请几所大学可以增加被录取的几率。]2.Howcanstudentslearnaboutthelatestapplicationprocess?A.Bycheckingtheemail.B.Byvisitingthecampus.C.Bymakingphonecalls.D.Bycreatinganewaccount.答案A[细节理解题。根据Createanaccount部分中的“Campusessendimportant...followuponyourapplication”可知，学生们应该经常查看邮件来了解申请的最新动态。]3.Whatwillstudentsgetaftercompletingtheapplication?A.Acheckmark.B.Aconfirmationcall.C.A“Continue”button.D.AUCapplicationIDnumber.答案D[细节理解题。根据Confirmation部分中的“Onceyou’vesubmittedyourapplication...yourUCapplicationIDnumber”可知，提交申请后，你会看见一个确认页面，上面有一些重要的提示和你的UC申请身份号。]OnMondays,twoofmychildrengetreadyforschoolinanunusualway.Eachpacksplentyoffoodandwater,apairofrubberbootsandsometimesacupofhotchocolate.Then,Idropthemoffatanearbyparkwheretheyspendtheentiredayoutsideatacertifiedforestschool.WhenIfirstletthemsignupfortheforestschoolprogram,Ilovedtheidea,butasamum,Iwasconcernedaboutafewthings：Wouldtheybecomfortableoutsideforthatlong?Wouldtheystayengagedforthatmanyhours?ThenIaskedthemiftimeeverseemedtomoveslowly,theystaredatmeinconfusion.Theydidn’tunderstandmyquestion,whichfittinglyremovedmyconcern.Inthisprogram,kidsdirecttheirownplay，climbingtalltreesortestingiceonthefrozenlake.Theyarenevertoldtheirplayistoohighortoosharp,butarerathertrustedtoself－adjust.Somethingelsemysonsappreciateabouttheforestschoolisnotbeingtoldtomoveontothenextactivity,butbeinglefttostayinaparticularspotforaslongastheircuriosityallows.“Whataboutallthethingsthey’remissinginrealschool？”concernedparentshaveaskedme.Neitheroftheirclassroomteachersthinksit’saproblem,butmostsignificantly,mykidsarelearningnewanddifferentskillsthataclassroomcannotteach.Theyarelearningtositsilentlyandobservenatureupclose—askillthat’svirtuallyimpossibletodevelopinanoisyandovercrowdedclassroomsetting.Theyaremakingsocialconnectionsacrossabroaderrangeofagegroups.Theycooperatetogether,usingtheirdifferentsizesandstrengthstofulfillvariousroleswithintheirgames.Iappreciateitthattheforestschoolisshapingmyboys’relationshipwiththeoutdoors.They’relearninghowtospendextendedperiodsoftimeinnature,whattodotopassthetime,anddevelopingknowledgethatwillgetthemmuchclosertonatureinthecomingdecades.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文，主要讲述了作者的两个儿子在森林学校项目中的收获以及该项目的好处。4.Whatisspecialabouttheforestschoolprogram?A.Teachersengageinkids’play.B.Kidsplayandlearnoutdoors.C.Itfocusesonnatureprotection.D.Itoffersvariousfoodsanddrinks.答案B[细节理解题。根据第三段中的第一句“Inthisprogram，kidsdirect...onthefrozenlake”和第四段中的“mykidsarelearningnewanddifferentskills...natureupclose”可知，在森林学校项目中，孩子们可以在户外玩耍，也可以在户外学习不同的技能。]5.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutkids’reactiontoherquestion?A.Awkward. B.Concerned.C.Relieved. D.Proud.答案C[观点态度题。根据第二段中的“theystaredatmeinconfusion...whichfittinglyremovedmyconcern”可知，孩子们困惑地看着作者，他们没弄明白作者的问题，这让作者消除了自己的担心。由此可以推断，孩子们对作者的问题的反应让作者感到很放心。]6.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Theconcernscausedbytheprogram.B.Thebenefitsgainedfromrole－play.C.Theskillsacquiredbychildren.D.Thegameslovedbyteachers.答案C[段落大意题。根据第四段中的“butmostsignificantly，mykidsarelearning...Theycooperatetogether”可知，本段主要讲到了孩子们从森林学校项目中学到的技能。]7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Nature：awonderlandfortheyoungB.TheforestschoolprogramprovesahitC.ParksarereplacingtraditionalschoolsD.Forestschool:afineplaceformykids答案D[标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了作者的两个儿子参加森林学校项目的故事和这个项目带来的好处，故D项“森林学校：我孩子的好去处”最适合作本文的标题。]Thereisnothingquitelikeenjoyingthesights，soundsandcultureofacitywhiletastingacupofcoffeeoutdoors.Butitisnotthatenjoyablewhenheatwavessweepthecity.AnoutdoorcoolingsystemproducedbyGreenKinonko,anIsraeli(以色列的)company,begantobetestedinTelAviv.Theswelteringcityisaperfectplacetotrythenewtechnology.Withglobalwarmingheatingupthetemperature,itwillsoonbetoohottositoutsideincafes.Whileoutdoorcoolingsystemshaveexistedforawhile,mostofthemusesomesortofwateroramistingsystemtocooltheairaroundthem,consumingtoomuchwaterandpower.Aftertwoyearsofdevelopment,theperfectsolutiontotheproblemwasfound.“Wehaveinventedanewgenerationofairconditioners，”GreenKinonko’sCEOLeizersaid.AsLeizerintroduced,theenergyisfromthepressurecreatedbetweenliquidnitrogen(氮)andgasnitrogen.Whenliquidnitrogenat－196℃turnsintogas,itproducesaverystrongpressureandthepressureisusedtorunamechanicalengine.Itisthemechanicalenginethatslowlyreleasesfreezingnitrogengastocooldowntheairaroundit.Thetechnologyisuniqueandamazing.Beyondthecoolnessoftheconcept,italsohasotheradvantages.Theworkunitdoesn’tneedtobepower－driven,anddoesn’tblowoutharmfulwarmairasitworks.Asforthepotentialprice,itwillprobablybenomoreexpensivethananyotherairconditioner.Inaddition,theliquidnitrogencontainerwillneedtobereplacedeveryseventotendays,dependingonusage.Thismakesitanaffordableoptionforallsortsofbusinesses.Thecoolingsystemisexpectedtobeonthemarketin2024.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。以色列一家公司研发出了一套新型户外冷却系统，该系统有望在2024年面世。8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sweltering”inParagraph1mean?A.Warm. B.Dry.C.Hot. D.Freezing.答案C[词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“Anoutdoorcoolingsystem...betestedin”可知，这个户外系统的功能是冷却，因此，如果该城市是试用这个户外冷却系统的最佳城市，那么可以推测这个城市肯定很热，故C项与画线词的意义最为接近。]9.Whatproblemdoestheexistingoutdoorcoolingsystemshave?A.Theyarewasteful.B.Theyoverheateasily.C.Theyoftenbreakdown.D.Theyareslowtocooltheair.答案A[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“mostofthemusesomesortofwater...consumingtoomuchwaterandpower”可知，现有的户外冷却系统会消耗太多的水电，由此可以推断，它们比较浪费。]10.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlyexplain?A.Whatpowerstheengine.B.Whatturnsliquidintogas.C.Howthepressureisformed.D.Howthenewsystemworks.答案D[段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，第三段主要解释了该新型冷却系统的整个运行原理。]11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Topromoteacompany.B.Tosettleanenergycrisis.C.Tointroduceatechnology.D.Tomarketamistingsystem.答案C[写作意图题。本文第一段中的“Anoutdoorcoolingsystem...begantobetestedinTelAviv”点明文章主题；第二段讲述了现有的户外冷却系统的问题；第三段讲述了这种新型冷却系统的工作原理；第四段讲述了这种新型冷却系统的优势和前景。由此可知，本文的目的是介绍一种新技术。]Inconversationswithstrangers,peoplecommonlytendtothinktheyshouldspeaklessthanhalftheconversationtimetobelikable.Butwe’vediscoveredthisideaiswrong.Ourdatashowsthatpeopletendtothinktheyshouldspeakabout45%ofthetimetobelikableinaone－on－oneconversationwithsomeonenew.However,itappearsspeakingabitmoreisactuallyabetterstrategy.Inourresearch,werandomlyassignedpeopletospeakfor30%，40%，50%，60%ofthetimeinaconversationwithsomeonenew.Wefoundthatthemoretheyspoke,themoretheywerelikedbytheirnewpartners.Thiswasonlyonestudywith116participants，buttheoutcomeissupportedbyotherresearchers’findings.Forexample,apreviousstudyrandomlyassignedoneinapairtotakeontheroleof“speaker”andtheothertotakeontheroleof“listener”.Afterengagingin12－minuteinteractions,listenerslikedspeakersmorethanspeakerslikedlistenersbecauselistenersfeltmoresimilartospeakersthanspeakersdidtolisteners.Thisoutcomesuggeststhereasonpeoplepreferthosewhospeak:Learningmoreaboutanewpartnercanmakeyoufeellikeyouhavemoreincommonwithhimorher.Further,weassignedpeopletospeakforupto70%andeven90%ofthetime.Theresultshowsitisnotanidealstrategy.Ourresearchdoesnotsuggestpeopleholddownaconversationalpartnerbutratherthattheyfeelcomfortablespeakingmorethantheyusuallymight.Researchlikeourscanhelppeoplegainamorereasonableunderstandingofsocialinteractionswithnewpeopleandbecomemoreconfidentabouthowtomakeagoodfirstimpression.Ithastheobviousbenefitofallowingustocarefullycontrolspeakingtime.However，itdoesnotreflectmorenaturalconversations.Futureresearchshouldfigureoutwhetherourfindingscanbegeneralizedtomorenaturalinteractions.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。主要介绍了一项研究发现：与陌生人第一次交流时，可以适当多说话，这样可以给对方留下好印象。同时，本文还介绍了这项研究的好处和局限性。12.Whatisthecommonbeliefconcerningconversationswithstrangers?A.Speakingalittlelessispreferred.B.Speakinghalfthetimeisthebest.C.Listenersaremorelikablethanspeakers.D.Listenersfailtocontroltheconversations.答案A[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“peoplecommonlytendtothinktheyshouldspeaklessthanhalftheconversationtimetobelikable”可知，人们往往认为和陌生人说话时，自己说话的时间少于谈话时间的一半会讨人喜欢。]13.Howwastheresearchcarriedout?A.Byanalyzingspeakinghabits.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bylistingexamples.D.Bycollectingdata.答案B[写作手法题。根据第二段中的“werandomlyassignedpeople...themoretheywerelikedbytheirnewpartners”可知，研究人员通过说话比例来比较说话多少与喜欢程度之间的关系。]14.Whatisthedisadvantageoftheresearch?A.Theconversationtimeislimited.B.Furtherstudyishardtocontinue.C.Thefindingsarelesswidelyapplicable.D.Interactionswithstrangersaremissing.答案C[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“However，itdoesnotreflectmorenaturalconversations”可知，这项研究不能反映更多的自然对话，由此可见，该研究结果不那么广泛适用。]15.Inwhichsituationcantheresearchfindingsbeapplied?A.Attendingafamilygathering.B.Partyingwithyourfriends.C.Meetinganewteacher.D.Makingapublicspeech.答案C[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However，itdoesnotreflect...tomorenaturalinteractions”可知，然而这项研究不能反映更多的自然对话，未来的研究应该弄清楚该研究结果是否能推广到自然对话。因此，该研究结果适用于C项“与新老师见面”。]Ⅱ.七选五TheSpotlightEffectHaveyoueverfeltasiftheentireworldwaswatchingwhileyoumadeamistake?Hereissomegoodnews:Itislikelythatnooneevennotice.__16__Wehavethisexperiencenotonlywhenwemakemistakesbutalsowhenweperformwell.Everytimewedosomethingthatisalittledifferentfromwhatweusuallydo,wemayassumethateveryonearounduswillnotice.Thespotlighteffectmighthappenwhenwemakeamistakeinagame,haveabaddayorgiveaterribleanswerinclass.__17__Inthesemoments,itfeelslikeeveryoneiswatching.Thespotlighteffectexistsbecauseweallgetusedtoseeingthingsthroughourowneyes.Everypersonisthemaincharacterinhisorherstory,andtheeventsofourlifeseemtohavegreatimportance.__18__Thespotlighteffectisaverycommonpartofthehumanexperience.However,insomecases,itcanleadtoextremesocialanxietyandnervousnessaroundotherpeople.Everyonesufferssomedegreeofsocialanxiety.Weallcareaboutwhatothersthink，andweallwanttobeliked.Itisnormaltowonderaboutwhateffectwehaveonotherpeople.__19__Ifsomeoneissonervousthattheycan’tmakegooddecisions,thenitistimetotakeactionandimprovethesituation.Learningaboutthespotlighteffectisimportantbecauseitcanhelpusreduceouranxiety.Nexttimeyoufeellikeeveryoneisstaringatyou,remindyourselfthatitisjustyourmindplayingtricksonyou.__20__Ifyoufillyourmindwiththoughtsofyourfriendsandfamily,itwillhelpyoubelessself－conscious.A.Whatyoucandoatthismomentistoignorethem.B.However,thiscanbeaproblemwhentheanxietyistoomuchtohandle.C.Thatiswhyfewerpeoplenoticetheembarrassingcircumstancestheymeet.D.Itcanalsoappearwhenwescoreabiggoal,asksomeoneonadateordoagooddeed.E.Anothergoodexerciseistomakeanefforttonoticethepeoplearoundyou,ratherthanfocusonyourself.F.Wearesobusyexaminingourselvesthatweactuallyobserveverylittleabouteveryonearoundus.G.Thespotlighteffectisatrickofthemindthatmakesusbelievethatpeoplenoticeusmoreoftenthantheyreall