2025-2026学年北京市朝阳区高二（下）期末考试英语试卷（含答案）

第第页2026北京朝阳高二（下）期末英语（考试时间100分钟满分100分）本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用（共三节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。IwaselevenwhenIspottedmyelderlyneighbour,Julie,gardeningonasunnyday.Afterchattingoverthefence,sheinvitedmetohelpcutbackanovergrownhedge(灌木丛)

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anearbypathway.IlovedtheideaofhelpingJulieandourcommunity,soweworkedtogetherto

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thehedgeandpostedphotosofourhandiworkinourlocalonlinegroup.Thecommunityreactionwas

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.Onewheelchairuserwasgratefulbecausehedidn'thavetogoontheroadanymoretopassthehedge.Thewholetownfeltmotivatedtofollowour

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.Manyresidentsvolunteeredtodomoretokeepourtown

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,fromcleaningupflowerbedstocollectinglitter.Withmanywillinghands,ourtownhasgradually

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.Before,thetownlookedabitrun-down,butnow,itlookscleanerandmoreorganized.Whenwefirstlaunchedaclean-upcampaign,wehadalmostnothingandreliedonequipmentborrowedfrommyparents'garage.Butastimewenton,donationsfromthelocalcommunity

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.Ourgaragegotfilledupso

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withgardeningtoolsthatwehadtomoveallofthistoJulie'ssparegarage.Ialsocreatedanonlinepageandwebsitetosupportthecampaign,allowinghundredsofvolunteersto

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theireffortsandorganizeclean-upactivities.I'msopleasedthat6yearslater,thecampaignisstillinfullswing.Our

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willnotstop.Wehopeourstorywillinspireothercommunitiesaroundtheworldtodothesame.1.A.decorating B.facing C.blocking D.shading2.A.clear B.hide C.cover D.empty3.A.objective B.amazing C.negative D.confusing4.A.advice B.rule C.instruction D.lead5.A.tidy B.safe C.quiet D.wealthy6.A.settled B.transformed C.expanded D.diversified7.A.driedup B.levelledout C.camein D.droppedoff8.A.easily B.secretly C.suddenly D.slowly9.A.reward B.increase C.appreciate D.share10.A.struggle B.mission C.commitment D.reaction第二节选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词或词组，并用其正确形式填空。InquireWanderSlipawayReflectonBecapableofPreserveRevealMotivateAppealtoApologizefor11.Myparentsalways______metofollowmydreams.12.Withoutproperplanning,successmayeasily______.13.Thebrokenwindow______howstrongthewindhadbeen.14.TheAIsystem______analyzingcomplexdatawithinseconds.15.Themoviestrongly______audiencesofallagesuponitsrelease.16.Itisimportantto______culturaltraditionsforfuturegenerations.17.Afterfinishingthehook,shesatquietlyand______itsdeepermeaning.18.Heenjoys______onthecitystreetstofindinspirationforhispaintings.19.Visitorscan______atthefrontdeskformoreinformationaboutthemuseum.20.Sherealizedhermistakeand______interruptingtheteacherduringthelecture.（请务必将第11至20题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内）第三节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。21.I______(finish)allmytasksbeforewesatdownfordinner.22.Sheopenedthewindow,______(let)freshairintotheroom.23.Studentsshouldfocuson______theteacheremphasizedinclass.24.Weliveinatime______technologyischangingeverythingrapidly.25.______(give)enoughtime,theprojectcanbesuccessfullycarriedout.26.Thelibrary______(decorate)forthereadingfestivalwhenIwalkedin.27.Scientistsrelyon______(accuracy)evidencetodrawreliableconclusions.28.Tomisan______(intelligence)boywhoalwayssolvesproblemsefficiently.29.They______(discuss)newrulesfortheschoolclubsincethemeetingbegan.30.TheTianshanTunnel,______(complete)lastyear,hasgreatlyimprovedtransportation.（请务必将第21至30题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheEnglishPathwaysprogramme,offeredatDukesCambridgeSummerSchoolforteens,givesyoutwoweekstoimproveyourlanguageskillsthroughengaging,practicalwork.ProgrammeFeatures•AcademicContent:20hoursofsubject-specificacademiccontentperweekwithexperiencedteachers,deliveredthroughinteractiveandhands-onpracticalworkshops.•Fieldwork:Takinglearningbeyondtheclassroomandintothecity,whereyoucancarryoutresearchonsiteandtestideasthroughpracticalexperimentsthatconnecttheorywithreal-worldcontexts.•TimetoShine:Opportunitiestoapplyandshareknowledgewithyourpeersthroughgroupprojects.Inweekone,gathershortreports,interviews,andreflectionsonyourlearning,andtheneditthemintoamagazine.Inweektwo,deliveragrouppresentation.•CommittedAcademicCoaching:DesignedtosupportyouinapplyingforaUKuniversity,whetherthat'swritingapersonalstatementorpreparingforapresentation.OurApproachtoYourLearningTheprogrammebalanceslanguagestudywithreal-worlduse,encouragingyoutopractisereading,writing,speaking,andlisteninginbothacademicandeverydaycontexts.Throughinteractiveclasses,cooperativeprojects,andguideddiscussion,you'llstrengthengrammar,expandvocabulary,andrefinepronunciation.Withsmallgroupteaching,teachersprovideindividualsupport,helpingyouuseEnglishmoreeffectivelyandwithgreaterclarityacrossdifferentcontexts.KeyLearningOutcomes•StrengthencoreEnglishskillsforbothacademicandpracticaluse.•ApplyEnglishinreal-worldcontextsthroughprojects,discussions,andpresentations.•DevelopanalyticalandcriticalthinkinginEnglishbyinterpretingtexts,structuringarguments,andevaluatinginformation.•Buildcommunicationskillsandconfidencethroughgroupprojectsandcross-culturalcooperation.•GetaCertificateofAchievementfromDukesCambridgeandapersonalizedletterofreferenceonrequest.31.Whatwilltheteensdointheprogramme?A.FinishaUKuniversityapplication.B.Conductresearchinreal-worldsettings.C.Takeatwenty-hourcourseeverytwoweeks.D.Produceamagazineaboutlanguagedevelopment.32.Intheprogramme,teacherssupportteens'learningby______.A.encouragingindependentstudy B.providingcoursesoncommunicationskillsC.offeringpersonalizedsupportinsmallgroups D.focusingonmemorizinggrammarandvocabulary33.Theprogrammeenablesteensto______.A.workinEnglish-relatedprofessionsB.getrecommendedbyDukesCambridgeC.leadcross-culturalcollaborativeprojectsD.strengthentheabilitytothinkcriticallyinEnglishBMyfirstyearofhighschoolisoverandIhaveanenormousamountoffreetime.Overtheschoolyear,Ihavecomplainedofbeingtoobusy.NowthatIhavethattime,Idon'tknowhowtouseit.Imissgoingtoschool,doinggroupassignmentsandlaughingwithmyfriends.Schoolfilledmewithpurposeandasenseofachievement.IfindthatI,aswellasmyfriends,feelsadaboutschoolcomingtoanend.Iwentonajourneytofindouthowtofreemyselffrom"SummerBlues".Togettotherootof"SummerBlues,"Itriedtovisualizeitthroughmyinnereye,bypaintingit.Iaddeddifferentshadesofblueandstormycloudstoexpressmythoughtsthroughcreativity.Artalwayshelpsmesortoutmyemotionsandunderstandthem.Plus,artisfun,andIcandoitwithanymaterialsIhave!Afterfinishingmyfirstpainting,mybrainwasawake,andmyimaginationwasticking.Iknewthatartistscouldn'tjuststayintheirroom,though.Todiscoverapaintbrush'spotential,youneedtotakeitoutofitsbox.Ithensteppedintomyyard.InoticedlittlethingsIhadpreviouslyoverlooked—thevinesclimbinguptoreachforsunlightandthecloudsshapedlikebunniesandhippos.Iinitiallydidn'tnoticetheanthillwhichIunfortunatelysteppedon.MysisterandIburstoutlaughinganddidafunnylittledancetogettheantsoffourshoes.Connectingwithnatureallowedmetoclearmyheadandstopworryingforaminute.NowthatIhavetakenactiontocareformyself,itistimetocareforothersaswell.Istartedwithsomethingsimplebydonatingclothes,books,andfood.IalsoresearchedacauseIampassionateabout—protectingtheenvironment—andfoundwaystocontribute.Ifoundthatusingmytimeproductivelywhiledoinggoodforothersisanotherstepinovercoming"SummerBlues".Iwentfromfeelingdowntofindinganewpurposeinlife;apurposetofindhappinessformyself.Ididn'thavetocreatehappiness;Ihadtofindit.34.Whatdoes"SummerBlues"mostprobablyrefertointhepassage?A.Theanxietyaboutsummerstudies. B.Thefearofspendingsummeralone.C.Thefeelingofemptinessduringsummer. D.Thedislikeofoutdoorsummeractivities.35.Theauthorbelievesthat"artistscouldn'tstayintheirroom"because______.A.paintingoutsidebringspeoplecloser B.stayingindoorsisbadfortheirhealthC.goingoutsideopensupnewpossibilities D.paintingindoorscannotexpressemotions36.Whichoffollowingwouldbestdescribetheauthor'spersonality?A.Proactiveandreflective. B.Sensitiveandserious. C.Adventurousandsociable. D.Determinedandambitious.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Natureistheonlycureforsadness.B.Happinessdependsonschoolsuccess.C.Freetimeresultsinnegativefeelings.D.Happinesscomesfromtakingmeaningfulaction.CWhydoesthesamerequestforhelpgetanautomatic"ofcourse"forabestfriendbuthesitationforastranger?Psychologistscallthis"socialdiscounting":wegiveupmoreforthosewefeelcloseto,andgenerositydeclinesassocialdistancegrows.Butwhathappensinthebrainwhenwemakethesedecisions?Theamygdala—atinybrainregion—istraditionallylinkedtoemotion,yetitsbasolateral(基底外侧的)partservesasasocialcenter.Bystudyingararepopulationwithselectivedamagetothisstructure,mycolleaguesandIfounditessentialforcalibratinggenerositybasedonsocialdistance.Onepossibilityisthatitbalancesprosocialmotivesagainstself-interest:youprioritizeafriend'sbenefitoverpersonalcost,whileforstrangersthecalculationshifts.Totestthis,weinvitedfivewomenwithdamagetothebasolateralamygdalaand16controlstocompleteasocialdiscountingtask.Eachparticipantlistedeightpeoplefromclosefriendstostrangers.Acrossrounds,theyreceivedafixedsumofmoneyanddecidedhowmuchtosharewitheach,measuringwillingnesstosharebasedonsocialdistance.Asexpected,generositydeclinedassocialdistanceincreased.Butparticipantswithbasolateralamygdaladamagewerelessgenerousandshowedsharperdiscounting:helpingtheclosest,yetfarlesstoslightlymoredistantothers.Thebasolateralamygdaladamagedisruptsthefine-tuningofgenerositywithouteliminatingaltruism(利他主义).Personalityandempathydidnotexplainthis;rather,thosewithdamagecouldnotflexiblyvarygenerosity.Atfirstglance,ourfindingscontradictearlierstudies:inthetrustgame,peoplewiththebasolateralamygdaladamagegavemoreeventountrustworthypartners;inmoraldilemmas,theyrefusedtogiveuponetosavemany—apatternnamed"pathological(病态的)altruism".Yetinourtask,theyshowedsharperdiscounting.Howtoexplaintheseoppositepatterns?Wearguethebasolateralamygdalabuildsamodelofthesocialworld—enablingdecisionsthatweighcontextandnorms.Whenthissystemfails,peoplefallbackonrigid,revision-resistantrules:"othersaretrustworthy"inthetrustgame,"neverharmanyone"inmoraldilemmas,and"maximizeone'sownpayoffunlessemotionallyclose"inourtask.Admittedly,ourstudyhadonlyafewparticipants,yettheuniquebasolateraldamagepattern,consistentwithagrowingbodyofevidence,confirmsthatamygdalafunctioniscentraltosocialbehavior.Thiscalculusplaysoutdaily:helpingafriendisautomatic,buthelpingastrangerdemandsflexibleweighingofnorms,empathy,andself-care—preciselythegrayareawherethebasolateralamygdaladoesitsmostimportantwork.Generosityisnotall-or-nothingbutamodel-basedbehaviorshapedbysocialdistance,andtheamygdalahelpsperformthatcalculation.38.Whatdoestheword"calibrating"underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?A.Appreciating. B.Monitoring. C.Increasing. D.Adjusting.39.Whatcanbeinferredaboutpeoplewithbasolateralamygdaladamage?A.Theyareasgeneroustostrangersastoclosefriends.B.Theirpersonalitydifferencesaccountfortheirbehaviors.C.Theycannottailortheirgenerositytoemotionaldistance.D.Theyshowagradualdeclineingenerosityasdistancegrows.40.Whydoestheauthormentionthecontradictoryfindings?A.Toquestionthecredibilityoftheearlierstudies.B.Torevealacommonmechanismindifferentcontexts.C.Tocomparetheamygdala'seffectsacrossdifferenttasks.D.Tostressthedifferencesbetweenthecurrentandearlierstudies.41.Whatdoestheauthormainlyintendtotellus?A.Peopleshouldfollowfixedruleswhendecidingtohelp.B.Thebasolateralamygdalasupportsmodel-basedgenerosity.C.Socialdiscountingisdeterminedbypersonalityandempathy.D.Damagetothebasolateralamygdalaeliminatesaltruisticbehavior.DItishardlyfairthatonlythetallhaveaccesstotallgenes,northatonlythesmarthaveaccesstosmartgenes.Astart-upcompanyarguesthatgeneticsshouldnotbelefttochance.Itsgoalistogiveparentstheoptiontochoosegenesfortheirchildren,ratherthanacceptinborninequality.Amoreimmediatequestion,however,iswhethergeneticenhancementofchildrenisactuallypossible.Toassesswhatmightbeachievable,wecanturntothelistof“protectiveandenhancing”genevariantsmaintainedbybiologistGeorgeChurch.Amongover100items,Churchhaspickedoutgenevariantsthatmighthaveanunusuallylarge“positiveeffect”likeprotectingagainstcertaindiseases.AcloserlookatChurch'slistrevealsthatsome“geneticenhancements”arefarfromdesirable.Oneexampleisagenevariantthatcouldgiveapersonsixfingersperhandtoimprovehandcontrol,butitwouldalsobringeverydayinconveniences,suchasdifficultybuyinggloves.Alsolistedaretwogenedeletionsthatresultininsensitivitytopain.However,childrenwhocannotfeelpainoftenendupwithseriousinjuries.Geneticenhancementisnotopposedinprinciple.However,theideathathumanscansafelyedittheirwayto“super-babies”isfarfromproven.Itistruethatafewgenevariantsonthelistarelinkedtobroadlyappealingtraitslikelongerlifeorhigherintelligence.Butthereisstillgreatuncertaintyaboutwhetherengineeringthemintochildrenwouldactuallywork.Somemayworkonlyincombinationwithothercertaingenes.Worse,trade-offsarecommon.Onegenevariantassociatedwithhigherintelligencemayincreasetheriskofblindnesslaterinlife.Areasonablepersonmightpreferbeingslightlylessintelligent.Thatsaid,geneticenhancementmaybepreferabletoleavingittochance.Yetthereislittlereasontobelieveitshouldbeattemptedanytimesoon.Toreachapointwhereseriousconsiderationispossible,long-termstudiesneedtobeexpandedtogainamuchclearerunderstandingoftheprosandconsofgeneticvariantslikethoseonChurch'slist.Asforthecompany'sfairnessclaim,itisquestionable.Afifthofchildrenareshorterandlesssmartsimplybecausetheyarenotfedproperly.Anyoneconcernedaboutgeneticfairnessshouldfocusonhelpingthosechildrenreachtheirexistingpotential,ratherthanboostingafewrichchildren'sgenes.42.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Pain-insensitivitygenesaregenerallybeneficial.B.Geneticinterventionhasbroadscientificsupport.C.Thesix-fingertraitbringsmorebenefitsthandrawbacks.D.Somegeneticvariantsrelyonothergenestoworkasintended.43.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Unlockingchildren'spotentialisthepriority.B.AllgenevariantsonChurch'slistaredesirable.C.Geneticenhancementwillreplacenaturalselection.D.Thebenefitsofgeneticenhancementoutweightherisks.44.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FeedingChildrenFirst:DoesItEnsureFairness?B.ARiskyGeneticChoice:IsFairnessAchievable?C.EditingChildren'sGenes:WeighingtheProsandConsD.GeneticEnhancement:APromisingFixtoInbornInequality第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatifwecouldobtainthememoryandperceptionbenefitsofbriefnaps(打盹)?ArecentstudypublishedinSciencesuggeststhatatleastsomeofourprimatecousinscan.

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Theythenreproducedthisboostbystimulatingthebrainsofawakemonkeysinawaythatimitatedsleepactivity.Theprocess,ifeffectiveinhumans,mightonedayhelpboostcognitionandtreatsleepdisorders.Theteamfirsttrainedfivemonkeysonataskevaluatingimagedirectionsandtestedthemtwice.Duringa30-minutegapbetweentests,themonkeyseitherhadbriefnapsormerelyrested.Thosethatsleptperformedsignificantlybetteronthesecondtest.

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Inmonkeysthatsleptbetweentests,neuralactivitywas,oddly,lesssynchronized(同步的)duringthesecondtestthanduringthefirst.Sleepisasynchronizingphenomenoninwhichneuronsfiretogether.Butthelevelofsynchronyaftersleepisreducedcomparedwithbefore.Moreover,thesizeofthis"desynchronizing"correlatedwiththeperformanceboost.

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Whatisactuallybehindtheperformanceboost?Sincethesleepingmonkey'sbrainactivityisknowntobedominatedbylow-frequency"delta"brainwaves,theresearcherswonderedwhethertheyareresponsible.Totestit,theyconductedtheexperimentagain.

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This"artificialbriefnap"alsoledtobothreducedneuralsynchronyandbetterperformance.Theresultsinprimatesstronglysuggest"artificialbriefnap"effectswilltranslatetohumans.

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Thisresearchfurtherdemonstratesthatstimulatingthebrainwhenawakeatdeltafrequencycanimitatesleep'sbenefits.Theresearchersusedelectrodesplacedinthemonkeys'brainsforstimulation,buttheyplantotestnoninvasivetechniquesinpeoplewithsleepdisordersinthenearfuture.A.Theresearchersthenrecordedthousandsofneurons'activityinthemonkeys'brains.B.Thissuggeststhatmoreindependentfiringamongneuronsmaydrivetheimprovement.C.Evidencealreadyexiststhatelectricalstimulationduringsleepcanbenefithumans'memory.D.Thistimetheyobservedhowthemonkeys'deltabrainwaveschangednaturallyduringsleep.E.Researchersfoundthatbriefnapsenhancedmonkeys'performanceonavisual-perceptiontask.F.Thefindingsshowthattheperformanceboostresultsfromahigherlevelofsynchronyamongneurons.G.Insteadoflettingthemonkeyssleep,researchersstimulatedtheirbrainswithanelectricalsignalimitatingdeltawaves.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Peoplealwaysthinkthattheloudesthavethemostimportantthingstosay,especiallyinacompetitivesocietywheretheytalkoveroneanother.Ienjoyexpressingmythoughtsbypainting,singingorwriting,butnotalwaysthroughwords.JustbecauseIdon'tvoicemyideasdoesn'tmeanIdon'thaveany.MyEnglishteacheroncesaidit'sbettertowriteastrongsentenceinfewerwordsthanalongrun-onsentence.Ididn'tbelieveitatfirst,butnowIrealizeshewasright.Introverts,oftenquietandreflective,havethecapabilitytochangetheworldwithoutwords.Theyjustdon'tputtheircapabilitiesinthespotlight,whichleadstopeoplethinkingthattheydon'thaveanycapabilities.Lastyear,Itriedoutimprov(即兴喜剧).WhenItoldmyfriends,theyweresurprised,“Butyou'resoquiet!”Thenextnightduringtheshow,IsetasidealloftheirdoubtsaboutmebeinginimprovandImadepeoplelaugh.Ididn'tbecomeadifferentperson,butIstillmadeit.Insociety,introvertsareoftenlabeledasshyorunsociablewhileextrovertsareseenasfriendlyandenthusiastic.Butweneedboth.Ingroupprojects,thenaturalleaderisalwaystheonewhotalksthemost;it'sanunspokenunderstanding.Wheneveranoutsideobserverwatchesgroupdiscussions,alltheyseeisthegroupleaderpouringoutideas,butnotthepersonbehindthecurtain-theintrovertwhoconsiderseveryone'sopinions.Toallint