2026年全国英语等级考试（PETS）五级练习题及答案二

2026年全国英语等级考试（PETS）五级练习题及答案二PartA单项选择题Directions:Readthefollowingthreetexts.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankfromA,B,CorD.Passage1Thecontemporarydiscoursesurroundingartificialintelligencefrequentlyoscillatesbetweenutopianoptimismanddystopianapprehension.Whileproponentsarguethatmachinelearningalgorithmswillprecipitateunprecedentedadvancementsinmedicaldiagnosticsandenvironmentalconservation,skepticswarnofanimpending1ofhumanagency.Thecruxofthematterliesintheconceptofalignment—thedegreetowhichanAI’sobjectives2withhumanvalues.Currentmethodologiesforachievingalignmentarenotoriouslybrittle,oftenrelyingonreinforcementlearningfromhumanfeedback,whichcaninadvertentlyteachalgorithmsto3humanbiasesratherthanembodygenuineethicalreasoning.Consequently,the4ofsuperintelligentsystemsnecessitatesaparadigmshiftfromanthropocentricdesigntoamoreuniversal,mathematicallyrigorousethicalframework.Withoutsuchaframework,weriskcreatingentitieswhoseoptimizationfunctionsmight5thedestructionofhumanityasamereinefficiencyintheiroperationalparameters.1.A.exacerbationB.exacerbateC.erosionD.erosion2.A.coincideB.contradictC.interfereD.comply3.A.mimicB.mitigateC.eradicateD.evaluate4.A.deploymentB.dismantlingC.suppressionD.deployment5.A.prioritizeB.calculateC.determineD.evaluatePassage2Thegigeconomy,characterizedbyshort-termcontractsandfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs,hasfundamentally6thetraditionalemployer-employeerelationship.Proponentsofthismodelemphasizetheautonomyitaffordsworkers,allowingthemtoorchestratetheirschedulesand7abetterwork-lifeequilibrium.However,thisfacadeofflexibilityoften8aprecaritythatisseldomdiscussed.Gigworkersaresystematically9fromthesocialsafetynetsthathavedefinedmodernlabor,suchasunemploymentinsurance,healthbenefits,andretirementplans.Furthermore,thealgorithmicmanagementsystemsemployedbyplatformslikeUberorTaskRabbitcreateanenvironmentofpervasivesurveillance,whereworkersarecontinuouslymonitoredandrated,leadingtopsychological10.Theromanticizationofthegigeconomyastheultimateexpressionofentrepreneurialfreedomobfuscatesthesystemicexploitationinherentinamodelthattransfersalleconomicriskfromthecorporationtotheindividual.6.A.stabilizedB.revolutionizedC.jeopardizedD.terminated7.A.dictateB.disruptC.cultivateD.mandate8.A.illuminatesB.obscuresC.revealsD.amplifies9.A.excludedB.includedC.protectedD.derived10.A.resilienceB.distressC.empowermentD.satisfactionPassage3ThehistoricalanalysisoftheSilkRoadrevealsacomplextapestryofeconomic,cultural,andtechnologicalexchangethattranscendsmeremercantiletransactions.Whilethetradeofsilk,spices,andpreciousmetalswasthe11catalystforthesetranscontinentaljourneys,thesubsequentdiffusionofideashadamore12impactonthedevelopmentofhumancivilization.Thetransmissionofpaper-makingtechnologyfromChinatotheIslamicworldandeventuallytoEuroperevolutionizedthedisseminationofknowledge,layingthegroundworkfortheRenaissanceandtheScientificRevolution.Furthermore,theSilkRoadfacilitatedthe13ofreligiousphilosophies,notablyBuddhism,whichprofoundlyalteredtheculturallandscapeofEastAsia.Modernhistoriography,however,warnsagainst14thisnetworkasaharmoniousmeltingpot;itwasequallyaconduitforpathogens,suchasthebubonicplague,whichdecimatedpopulations.Thus,theSilkRoadstandsasatestamenttothedualnatureofconnectivity,whereeconomicintegrationbringsboth15andperil.11.A.primaryB.secondaryC.negligibleD.consequent12.A.superficialB.profoundC.detrimentalD.transient13.A.suppressionB.amalgamationC.disseminationD.isolation14.A.romanticizingB.condemningC.analyzingD.ignoring15.A.prosperityB.isolationC.stagnationD.conflictPartB多项选择题Directions:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthebestcombinationofoptionsfromA,B,C,D,andE.Theremaybemorethanonecorrectanswer.Theintersectionofclimatechangeandglobalmigrationrepresentsoneofthemostpressinggeopoliticalchallengesofthetwenty-firstcentury.Asrisingsealevels,desertification,andextremeweathereventsrendervasttractsoflanduninhabitable,thedisplacementofpopulationsisnolongeralocalizedhumanitariancrisisbutasystemicthreattointernationalstability.Theconceptof"climaterefugees"islegallyambiguous,asthe1951RefugeeConventiondoesnotrecognizeenvironmentaldegradationasavalidgroundforasylum.Thislacunaininternationallawleavesmillionsinastateofjuridicalinvisibility,deprivedoftheprotectionsaffordedtothosefleeingpersecution.Moreover,theinfluxofclimate-displacedpopulationsintourbancentersofneighboringcountriesoftenstrainsalreadyscarceresources,precipitatingsocialfrictionandpoliticalradicalization.Thephenomenonof"climateapartheid"isemerging,whereinwealthynationsfortifytheirborderswhilepoorernations,disproportionatelyaffectedbyclimatechangedespitecontributingtheleasttoglobalemissions,bearthebruntofthedisplacement.Addressingthiscrisisrequiresacomprehensivemultilateralframeworkthatnotonlyacknowledgestherightsofclimaterefugeesbutalsomandateswealthiernationstoassumefinancialandlogisticalresponsibilitiesproportionatetotheirhistoricalcarbonemissions.Failuretodosowillresultinafracturedglobalordercharacterizedbyperpetualborderconflictsandhumanrightscatastrophes.16.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingclimaterefugeesarecorrect?A.Theyareexplicitlyrecognizedandprotectedunderthe1951RefugeeConvention.B.Theirdisplacementisprimarilycausedbylocalizedpoliticalpersecution.C.Theylackformallegalstatusandinternationalprotectionmechanisms.D.Thelegalframeworkforrefugeeshasnotadaptedtomodernenvironmentalcrises.E.Wealthynationsarecurrentlyassumingtheirfairshareofresponsibilityforclimaterefugees.17.Whatarethepotentialsocio-politicalconsequencesofclimatemigrationmentionedinthetext?A.Increasedurbanizationleadingtoresourcescarcityinhostcommunities.B.Areductioninglobalcarbonemissionsduetodecreasedindustrialactivity.C.Socialtensionandtheriseofpoliticalradicalismindestinationcountries.D.Theemergenceof"climateapartheid"wherebordersarefortifiedbywealthynations.E.Astrengtheningofinternationallawregardingenvironmentalprotection.PartC选句填空题Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ChoosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachnumberedgap.Thephenomenonofurbandecay,characterizedbythedeteriorationofinfrastructure,economicstagnation,anddemographicdecline,isnotmerelyaconsequenceofindustrialrestructuringbutacomplexsystemicfailure.18__________.Inmanypost-industrialcities,theexodusofmanufacturingjobscreatedavacuumthatwasrapidlyfilledbypovertyandcrime.19__________.Oneoftheprimarydriversofthisdecayisthemisalignmentbetweenmunicipalgovernanceandspatialeconomics.20__________.Consequently,theseareasbecometrappedinaviciouscycleofdisinvestment,wherethelackofamenitiesdrivesawaypotentialinvestorsandresidentsalike.21__________.However,urbanrenewalstrategiesoftenprioritizesuperficialgentrificationoversubstantiveeconomicrevitalization.22__________.Trueurbanresiliencecannotbeachievedthroughcosmeticarchitecturalupgradesalone;itrequiresthecultivationoflocalizedeconomicecosystemsthatcanwithstandglobalmacroeconomicshocks.A.Thisresultsinthetransformationofonce-thrivingneighborhoodsintodilapidatedzonesofconcentrateddisadvantage.B.Whilenewcafesandluxuryapartmentsmaytemporarilymaskthedecay,theyoftendisplacetheoriginal,marginalizedpopulationsratherthanintegratingthemintotheneweconomy.C.Thisisevidencedbytherapidexpansionofsuburbansprawlandtheconcurrentabandonmentofinner-citycores.D.Cityplannersoftenfailtoaccountforthespatialdistributionofeconomicopportunities,leadingtoamismatchbetweenwherepeopleliveandwherejobsarelocated.E.Thedeclineisfurtherexacerbatedbythereductioninmunicipaltaxrevenues,whichcripplestheabilityoflocalgovernmentstomaintainessentialpublicservicessuchasschools,sanitation,andpolicing.F.Therootcausesofthisdeteriorationaredeeplyembeddedinthehistoricaltrajectoryofurbanplanningandeconomicpolicy.G.Consequently,acomprehensiveapproachinvolvingbothpublicandprivatesectorsisurgentlyrequiredtoreversethetrend.PartD简答题Directions:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbrieflybasedontheinformationprovided.Theconceptof"surveillancecapitalism,"asarticulatedbyShoshanaZuboff,representsanoveleconomiclogicthatunilaterallyclaimshumanexperienceasfreerawmaterialfortranslationintobehavioraldata.Thesedataarethenfedintocomplexmachineintelligencesystems,whichfabricate"predictionproducts"anticipatehumanbehavior.Thesepredictionproductsaresubsequentlysoldinbehavioralfuturesmarkets,wherebusinessespurchasethelikelihoodofspecifichumanactionstooptimizetheirmarketingandproductstrategies.Unlikeindustrialcapitalism,whichexploitednatureandlabortoproducecommodities,surveillancecapitalismexploitshumanexperienceitself,effectivelycommodifyingourprivatelives.Theinsidiousnatureofthisparadigmliesinitsextractionofbehavioralsurplus—datathatisfarinexcessofwhatisneededforthemereimprovementofaservice.Forinstance,anavigationappdoesnotneedtoknowyourlocationwhenyouarenotusingtheapp,nordoesitneedtoknowwhoyourcontactsare.Yet,thesedataareroutinelyharvested.Theultimategoalisnotmerelytopredictbehaviorbuttointerveneandmodifyit,effectivelytuninghumanactiontowardscommercialoutcomes.Thisrepresentsaprofoundthreattohumanautonomyanddemocraticagency,asourdigitalenvironmentsaresubtlyengineeredtoshapeourdesiresanddecisionswithoutourexplicitconsent.23.Accordingtothetext,whatarethe"predictionproducts"usedfor?24.Howdoessurveillancecapitalismdifferfundamentallyfromindustrialcapitalism?25.Whatistheultimateobjectiveofextractingbehavioralsurplusbeyondmereserviceimprovement?26.Whyissurveillancecapitalismconsideredathreattohumanautonomy?PartE完形填空题Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Fillineachnumberedblankwithasuitablewordfromtheoptionsprovided.Thephilosophyofscienceisoftenpremisedonthenotionthatscientifictheoriesareempiricallyverifiableandimmunetosubjectiveinterpretations.However,ThomasKuhn’sseminalwork,"TheStructureofScientificRevolutions,"27thispositivistviewbyintroducingtheconceptof"paradigmshifts."Kuhnarguedthatsciencedoesnotprogress28throughalinearaccumulationoffacts,butratherthroughrevolutionaryupheavals.Duringperiodsof"normalscience,"researchersoperatewithinanacceptedparadigm,solvingpuzzlesthattheparadigm29.However,asresearchprogresses,anomaliesinevitablyarise—phenomenathattheexistingparadigmcannot30.Whentheseanomaliesreachacriticalmass,acrisisensues,leadingtotheproposalofanewparadigmthatcan31thepreviouslyinexplicablephenomena.Thistransitionisnotmerelyarational,data-drivenprocess;itisheavily32bysociologicalandpsychologicalfactors.Scientists,deeplyinvestedintheoldparadigm,oftenresistthenewone,leadingtoaschismwithinthescientificcommunity.Thenewparadigmdoesnotwinoveropponentsbyproviding33evidence;rather,itgainsacceptanceastheoldergenerationofscientistsdiesoutandanewgeneration,34tothenewideas,takesthereinsofthediscipline.Thus,scientificprogressislessapurepursuitofobjectivetruthandmoreacomplexinterplaybetweenempiricaldata,theoreticalframeworks,andthe35dynamicsofthescientificcommunity.27.A.reinforcesB.challengesC.substantiatesD.perpetuates28.A.steadilyB.erraticallyC.marginallyD.fictitiously29.A.dictatesB.predictsC.dictatesD.resolves30.A.explainB.observeC.createD.ignore31.A.contradictB.accommodateC.suppressD.isolate32.A.influencedB.detachedC.objectiveD.independent33.A.ambiguousB.circumstantialC.irrefutableD.theoretical34.A.hostileB.accustomedC.indifferentD.opposed35.A.hierarchicalB.sociologicalC.economicD.spiritualPartF综合翻译题Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassagesintoChinese(SectionA)andEnglish(SectionB).SectionA:EnglishtoChinese36.Theexponentialadvancementofbiotechnology,particularlyintherealmofCRISPR-Cas9geneediting,hasprecipitatedanethicalconundrumthatoutpacesourcurrentmoralframeworks.Whilethetherapeuticpotentialtoeradicatehereditarygeneticdiseasesisundeniablymonumental,thetechnologysimultaneouslyunlocksthedoortohumangeneticenhancement.Thedelineationbetweencuringapathologyandaugmentingatrait—suchasintelligenceorphysicalprowess—isperilouslyblurred.Consequently,ifregulatoryframeworksarenotuniversallymandated,weriskabifurcationofthehumanspecies,whereingeneticinequalitysupplantssocioeconomicdisparityastheultimatedivide.37.Theparadoxofmoderncosmologyliesinitsrelianceontwotheoreticalpillarsthatarefundamentallyincompatibleatthequantumlevel:generalrelativity,whichdescribesthemacroscopicrealmofgravity,andquantummechanics,whichgovernsthemicroscopicworldofsubatomicparticles.Thequestforaunifying"TheoryofEverything"hasledtotheproliferationofesoterictheories,suchasstringtheoryandloopquantumgravity,yetnonehaveyieldedempiricallytestablepredictions.Thistheoreticalimpassesuggeststhatourunderstandingoftheuniversemightrequirearadicalreconceptualizationoftheverynatureofspaceandtime.SectionB:ChinesetoEnglish38.尽管全球化极大地促进了世界经济的融合，但它同时也导致了文化同质化的加剧。跨国公司通过全球营销策略，将一种标准化的消费模式强加于不同文化背景的社会中，使得本土的传统习俗和价值观面临着被边缘化的危险。因此，如何在经济一体化与文化多样性之间寻求平衡，已成为当今国际社会面临的核心挑战之一。39.行为经济学的研究表明，人类在做出经济决策时，往往并非完全理性。我们的选择深受认知偏见和心理启发式的影响，例如“损失厌恶”，即人们面对同样数量的收益和损失时，认为损失更加难以忍受。这一发现不仅颠覆了古典经济学中“理性经济人”的基本假设，也为公共政策的设计提供了基于心理学的新视角。PartG写作应用题Directions:Writeanessayofnolessthan250wordsbasedonthefollowingprompt.SectionA:SummaryWriting(摘要写作)Readthefollowingpassageandwriteasummaryofapproximately150words.Yoursummaryshouldcapturethemainideaswithoutincludingpersonalopinionsorunnecessarydetails.Theadventofthedigitalagehasrevolutionizedtheconceptofprivacy,transformingitfromaphysicalboundarytoahighlycoveteddigitalcommodity.Inthepast,privacywasprimarilyconcernedwiththephysicalinviolabilityofone'shomeandpersonalcorrespondence.Today,itencompassesthevasttrovesofdatageneratedbyouronlineactivities,frombrowsinghistorytolocationtracking.Corporationsandgovernmentsalikehavedevelopedsophisticatedmechanismstoharvest,analyze,andmonetizethisdata.Thispervasivedatacollectionhasledtowhatscholarstermthe"panopticoneffect,"whereindividuals,awareofbeingmonitored,unconsciouslyaltertheirbehavior,leadingtoachillingeffectonfreeexpressionandinnovation.Furthermore,theaggregationofdataincentralizedserverscreateslucrativetargetsforcybercriminals,leadingtoanescalationinidentitytheftandcorporateespionage.WhileregulationsliketheGDPRinEuropeattempttograntuserscontrolovertheirdata,thesheercomplexityofdigitalecosystemsoftenrenderstheseprotectionssuperficial.Consequently,thepreservationofdigitalprivacyinthetwenty-firstcenturyrequiresafundamentalshiftfromreactivelegalframeworkstoproactive,privacy-by-designengineering,wheredataminimizationandencryptionareembeddedintotheveryarchitectureofdigitalinfrastructure.SectionB:ArgumentativeEssay(议论文写作)Writeanessayofabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic:"IntheeraofArtificialIntelligence,universalbasicincome(UBI)shouldbeadoptedasasolutiontotechnologicalunemployment."Discusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement,providingreasonsandexamplestosupportyourposition.AnswerKeyandDetailedExplanations(答案及详细解析)PartA单项选择题1.【答案】C【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析与动词搭配。A项exacerbation意为“恶化”，B项exacerbate为动词“使恶化”，D项erosion虽意为“侵蚀”，但在标准拼写中应为erosion，不过此处动词后应接名词，且D项结构有误。C项erosion（侵蚀）符合语境，表示“人类主体性的侵蚀/丧失”。2.【答案】A【解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。coincidewith意为“与……一致/相符”，此处表示AI的目标与人类价值观是否一致。contradict意为“矛盾”；interfere意为“干涉”，通常搭配with；comply意为“遵从”，通常搭配with，主语一般为人。故选A。3.【答案】A【解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。mimic意为“模仿”，此处指算法可能无意中“模仿”人类的偏见，而不是消除或评估。mitigate意为“减轻”；eradicate意为“根除”；evaluate意为“评估”。故选A。4.【答案】A【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。deployment意为“部署，应用”，此处指超级智能系统的“部署”。dismantling意为“拆除”；suppression意为“镇压”；D项结构与A项相同，但按照逻辑，部署超级智能系统才需要新的框架。故选A。5.【答案】A【解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。prioritize意为“优先考虑”，此处表示如果不加干预，AI的优化函数可能会将人类的毁灭“优先级”置于效率之上，或视为一种单纯的无效率。calculate意为“计算”；determine意为“决定”；evaluate意为“评估”。故选A。6.【答案】B【解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。revolutionized意为“彻底改变”，符合语境，表示零工经济彻底改变了传统的雇佣关系。stabilized意为“稳定”；jeopardized意为“危及”；terminated意为“终止”。故选B。7.【答案】C【解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。cultivate意为“培养，建立”，此处搭配equilibrium（平衡），表示“培养更好的工作生活平衡”。dictate意为“命令”；disrupt意为“破坏”；mandate意为“强制规定”。故选C。8.【答案】B【解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。obscures意为“掩盖”，符合句意，表示这种灵活性的表象“掩盖”了未被讨论的不稳定性。illuminates意为“阐明”；reveals意为“揭示”；amplifies意为“放大”。故选B。9.【答案】A【解析】本题考查动词词义辨析与固定搭配。excludedfrom意为“被排除在……之外”，符合句意，表示零工工人被系统性地排除在现代劳动安全网之外。included意为“包含”；protected意为“保护”；derived意为“源自”。故选A。10.【答案】B【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。distress意为“痛苦，压力”，符合句意，表示持续的监控和评分导致心理压力。resilience意为“韧性”；empowerment意为“赋权”；satisfaction意为“满意”。故选B。11.【答案】A【解析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。primary意为“主要的”，符合句意，表示贸易是这些跨大陆旅程的“主要”催化剂。secondary意为“次要的”；negligible意为“微不足道的”；consequent意为“随之而来的”。故选A。12.【答案】B【解析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。profound意为“深远的”，此处指思想的传播对人类文明发展有更“深远”的影响。superficial意为“表面的”；detrimental意为“有害的”；transient意为“短暂的”。故选B。13.【答案】C【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。dissemination意为“传播”，此处指丝绸之路促进了宗教哲学的“传播”。suppression意为“镇压”；amalgamation意为“融合”；isolation意为“孤立”。故选C。14.【答案】A【解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。romanticizing意为“浪漫化”，符合句意，警告现代史学不要将这个网络“浪漫化”为和谐的熔炉。condemning意为“谴责”；analyzing意为“分析”；ignoring意为“忽视”。故选A。15.【答案】A【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。prosperity意为“繁荣”，与peril（危险）相对，表示经济一体化既带来“繁荣”又带来危险。isolation意为“孤立”；stagnation意为“停滞”；conflict意为“冲突”。故选A。PartB多项选择题16.【答案】C,D【解析】根据第二段第一句“Theconceptof'climaterefugees'islegallyambiguous,asthe1951RefugeeConventiondoesnotrecognizeenvironmentaldegradationasavalidgroundforasylum.”可知，气候难民缺乏正式法律地位和国际保护机制（C正确），且难民法律框架未能适应现代环境危机（D正确）。A项与文意相反；B项错误，气候难民流离失所的原因是环境退化而非政治迫害；E项与最后一段“wealthiernationsfortifytheirborders”相悖。17.【答案】A,C,D【解析】根据第二段“theinfluxofclimate-displacedpopulationsintourbancentersofneighboringcountriesoftenstrainsalreadyscarceresources,precipitatingsocialfrictionandpoliticalradicalization”可知，A项（资源稀缺）和C项（社会紧张和激进主义）正确。根据“Thephenomenonof'climateapartheid'isemerging,whereinwealthynationsfortifytheirborders”可知D项正确。B项和E项在文中未提及且不符合逻辑。PartC选句填空题18.【答案】F【解析】空格前指出城市衰退不仅是工业重组的后果，更是复杂的系统性失败。空格后描述了具体的失业和贫困现象。F项“这种衰退的根源深深植根于城市规划的历史轨迹和经济政策中”承上启下，解释了系统性失败的根源。符合逻辑。19.【答案】A【解析】空格前提到制造业岗位的流出留下了一个真空，随后被贫困和犯罪填满。A项“这导致曾经繁荣的社区转变为破败的不利区域集中地”正是对这一现象结果的总结，符合语境。20.【答案】D【解析】空格前提到市政管理与空间经济学之间的错位。D项“城市规划者往往未能考虑经济机会的空间分布，导致人们居住地与工作地之间的错位”具体解释了这种“错位”，逻辑严密。21.【答案】E【解析】空格前提到陷入撤资的恶性循环，缺乏设施赶走了投资者和居民。E项“衰退因市政税收的减少而进一步加剧，这削弱了地方政府维持基本公共服务的能力”承接上文，说明了恶性循环的具体表现和后果。22.【答案】B【解析】空格前指出城市更新策略往往优先考虑表面的绅士化（gentrification）而非实质性的经济复兴。B项“虽然新的咖啡馆和豪华公寓可能暂时掩盖了衰退，但它们往往取代了原有的边缘化人口，而不是将其整合到新经济中”正是对“表面绅士化”的具体批判，与下一句的“表面建筑升级”相呼应。PartD简答题23.【答案】Theyareusedtoanticipatehumanbehaviorandaresoldtobusinessestooptimizetheirmarketingandproductstrategiesinbehavioralfuturesmarkets.【解析】根据第一段第二、三句“Thesedataarethenfedintocomplexmachineintelligencesystems,whichfabricate'predictionproducts'anticipatehumanbehavior.Thesepredictionproductsaresubsequentlysoldinbehavioralfuturesmarkets,wherebusinessespurchasethelikelihoodofspecifichumanactionstooptimizetheirmarketingandproductstrategies.”可提炼出答案。24.【答案】Industrialcapitalismexploitednatureandlabortoproducecommodities,whereassurveillancecapitalismexploitshumanexperienceitselfandcommodifiesprivatelives.【解析】根据第二段第一句“Unlikeindustrialcapitalism,whichexploitednatureandlabortoproducecommodities,surveillancecapitalismexploitshumanexperienceitself,effectivelycommodifyingourprivatelives.”直接得出答案。25.【答案】Theultimateobjectiveisnotmerelytopredictbehavior,buttointerveneandmodifyit,tuninghumanactiontowardscommercialoutcomes.【解析】根据第二段倒数第二句“Theultimategoalisnotmerelytopredictbehaviorbuttointerveneandmodifyit,effectivelytuninghumanactiontowardscommercialoutcomes.”得出答案。26.【答案】Becauseourdigitalenvironmentsaresubtlyengineeredtoshapeourdesiresanddecisionswithoutourexplicitconsent,deprivingusoffreewill.【解析】根据最后一句“Thisrepresentsaprofoundthreattohumanautonomyanddemocraticagency,asourdigitalenvironmentsaresubtlyengineeredtoshapeourdesiresanddecisionswithoutourexplicitconsent.”提炼得出。PartE完形填空题27.【答案】B【解析】challenges意为“挑战”。ThomasKuhn的《科学革命的结构》对实证主义观点提出了“挑战”，引入了范式转换的概念。reinforces（加强），substantiates（证实），perpetuates（使不朽）均不符语境。28.【答案】A【解析】steadily意为“稳定地”。Kuhn认为科学并不“稳定地”通过事实的线性积累而进步。erratically（不稳定地），marginally（轻微地），fictitiously（虚构地）均不符。29.【答案】A【解析】dictates意为“规定，支配”。在常规科学时期，研究者在已接受的范式内运作，解决范式所“规定”的难题。predicts（预测），resolves（解决）均不如dictates准确。30.【答案】A【解析】explain意为“解释”。异常现象是现有范式无法“解释”的现象。observe（观察），create（创造），ignore（忽视）均不符。31.【答案】B【解析】accommodate意为“容纳，解释”。新范式能够“容纳/解释”以前无法解释的现象。contradict（矛盾），suppress（压制），isolate（孤立）均不符。32.【答案】A【解析】influenced意为“受影响”。这种转变不仅仅是一个理性的、数据驱动的过程，它还在很大程度上受社会学和心理学因素的“影响”。detached（分离），objective（客观的），independent（独立的）均不符。33.【答案】C【解析】irrefutable意为“无可辩驳的”。新范式并不是通过提供“无可辩驳的”证据来赢得反对者的，而是由于老一辈科学家的离世。ambiguous（模棱两可的），circumstantial（间接的），theoretical（理论的）均不符。34.【答案】B【解析】accustomedto意为“习惯于”。新一代“习惯于”新思想的人接管了学科。hostileto（敌视），indifferentto（冷漠），opposedto（反对）均不符。35.【答案】B【解析】sociological意为“社会学的”。科学进步是经验数据、理论框架和科学共同体的“社会学”动态之间复杂的相互作用。hierarchical（等级制的），economic（经济的），spiritual（精神的）均不符。PartF综合翻译题36.【参考译文】生物技术的指数级进步，特别是在CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑领域，引发了超越我们当前道德框架的伦理难题。虽然根除遗传性基因疾病的治疗潜力无疑是巨大的，但这项技术同时也开启了人类基因增强的大门。治愈病理学与增强特质（如智力或体能）之间的界限被危险地模糊了。因此，如果不能普遍实施监管框架，我们就有面临人类物种分裂的风险，届时基因不平等将取代社会经济差距，成为最终的鸿沟。37.【参考译文】现代宇宙学的悖论在于它依赖于两个在量子层面上根本不兼容的理论支柱：描述引力宏观领域的广义相对论，以及支配亚原子粒子微观世界的量子力学。对统一的“万有理论”的探索导致了深奥理论的激增，如弦理论和圈量子引力理论，然而这些理论都没有产生经得起经验检验的预测。这种理论僵局表明，我们对宇宙的理解可能需要对空间和时间的本质进行根本性的重新概念化。38.【参考译文】Althoughglobalizationhasgreatlypromotedtheintegrationoftheglobaleconomy,ithassimultaneouslyledtotheexacerbationofculturalhomogenization.Throughglobalmarketingstrategies,multinationalcorporationsimposeastandardizedconsumptionmodelonsocietieswithdifferentculturalbackgrounds,therebymarginalizinglocaltraditionalcustomsandvalues.Consequently,howtostrikeabalancebetweeneconomicintegrationandculturaldiversityhasbecomeoneofthecorechallengesfacingtheinternationalcommunitytoday.39.【参考译文】Researchinbehavioraleconomicsindicatesthathumansareoftennotentirelyrationalwhenmakingeconomicdecisions.Ourchoicesareheavilyinfluencedbycognitivebiasesandpsychologicalheuristics,suchas"lossaversion,"whichmeansthatwhenfacedwiththesameamountofgainsandlosses,peoplefindthelossesmuchhardertobear.Thisfindingnotonlysubvertsthefundamentalassumptionofthe"rationaleconomicman"inclassicaleconomicsbutalsoprovidesanewpsychologically-basedperspectiveforthedesignofpublicpolicies.PartG写作应用题SectionA:SummaryWriting【参考范文】Thedigitalagehastransformedprivacyfromaphysicalboundaryintoavaluabledigitalcommodity.Today,vastamountsofpersonaldatageneratedonlineareroutinelyharvestedandmonetizedbycorporationsandgovernments.Thispervasivesurveillancecreatesa"panopticoneffect,"stiflingfreeexpressionandalteringhumanbehavior.Furthermore,thecentralizationofthisdatamakesitaprimetargetforcybercrime,escalatingidentitytheftandcorporateespionage.WhileregulationsliketheGDPRattempttoempowerusers,the