初升高完美衔接教材 英语教学 定语从句

第二篇

词法句法英语学科模块8

定语从句1热身训练2知识对接3难点突破4自主训练1热身训练2知识对接3难点突破4自主训练训练1

that、

which引导的定语从句1.China

is

the

first

nation

___

sent

Chang'e

5

to

the

far

side

of

the

Moon.［2022湖北恩施］BA.which

B.that

C.who

D.whose【解析】此处是定语从句，先行词是nation，在从句中作主语，且先行词被序数词修饰，故此处关系代词用that。2.He

showed

me

the

photos

___

he

took

at

his

graduation

ceremony.［2023四川成都］AA.that

B.who

C.what

D.whom【解析】空格处引导定语从句，先行词是photos，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，故用关系代词that引导定语从句。3.The

students

are

reading

books___are

full

of

the

red

spirit

these

days.［2023吉林］CA.who

B.where

C.which

D.what【解析】空格处引导定语从句，先行词是books，指物，在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。训练2

who、

whom、

whose引导的定语从句1.Students

love

the

teachers

___

are

outgoing

and

humorous.［2022湖北十堰］AA.who

B.whom

C.which

D.whose【解析】句意：学生喜欢开朗幽默的老师。此处含定语从句，先行词the

teachers指人，在从句中作主语，应用who引导定语从句。2.—What

can

we

do

for

the

left-home

children___

need

help?—We

could

help

them

with

their

study

online

on

weekends.［2023黑龙江］BA.which

B.who

C.whom

D.where【解析】空格处引导定语从句，先行词是left-home

children,指人，在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词who引导定语从句。训练3

where、

when、

why引导的定语从句Disney

is

an

amusement

park

___

you

can

find

all

the

normal

attractions

and

Disney

movies

and

characters．［四川绵阳］BA.which

B.where

C.that

D.when【解析】句意：迪士尼是一个游乐园，在那里你可以找到所有典型的景点、迪士尼电影和角色。此句含定语从句，先行词为an

amusement

park，在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导定语从句。训练4

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句Do

you

know

the

young

lady

___

your

mother

is

talking?［湖北黄石］CA.who

B.whom

C.with

whom

D.which【解析】句意：你知道正在和你的母亲交谈的年轻女士是谁吗？此句含定语从句，先行词为the

young

lady，指人，在从句中作talk

with

的宾语，介词with

可以放在关系代词之前，故选C。接点

定语从句

定语从句可以起形容词的作用，在句中修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词的作用：1.在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用；2.在从句中充当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致；从句中谓语动词的单复数形式也要与之保持一致。详情见下表：关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who指人主语/宾语Do

you

know

the

man

who

is

talking

with

your

mother?whom、

which和that在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时,后面的关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom指人宾语Mr

Smith

is

the

person

with

whom

I

am

working.The

boy

（whom）

she

loved

died

in

the

war.关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词whose指人/物定语I

like

those

books

whose

topics

are

about

history.The

boy

whose

father

works

abroad

is

my

deskmate.whom、

which和that在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时,后面的关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatthat指人/物主语/宾语A

plane

is

a

machine

that

can

fly.

She

is

the

pop

star

（that）

I

want

to

see

very

much.续表关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词which指物主语/宾语The

book

（which）

I

gave

you

was

worth

$10.The

picture

which

is

about

the

accident

is

terrible.whom、

which和that在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时,后面的关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that续表关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词as指人/物主语/宾语He

is

such

a

person

as

is

respected

by

all

of

us.This

is

the

same

pen

as

I

lost

yesterday.as在从句中作宾语时一般不省略续表关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系副词when指时间时间状语I

will

never

forget

the

day

when

we

met

there.when可换作“介词+which”where指地点地点状语This

is

the

house

where

I

was

born.where可换作“介词+which”why指原因原因状语I

can't

imagine

the

reason

why

he

turned

down

my

offer.why可换作for

which续表突破1

关系代词在定语从句中的用法1.that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。This

is

the

pen

that

you

are

looking

for.

这是你要找的那支钢笔。（宾语）The

girl

that

has

long

hair

is

my

sister.留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹。（主语）2.which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。The

bike

which

is

made

in

Tianjin

sells

well.天津产的自行车卖得很好。（主语）The

apples

which

we

bought

were

not

fresh.我们买的苹果不新鲜。（宾语）3.who、whom指人;who在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。The

boy

who

broke

the

window

is

called

Tom.打碎窗户的那个男孩叫Tom。（主语）The

person

to

whom

he

is

talking

is

my

father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。（宾语）4.whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。The

girl

whose

bag

is

new

is

called

Ann.有新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。（指人）He

lives

in

a

house

whose

windows

open

to

the

south.他住在窗户朝南的那所房子里。（指物）突破2

只用which不用that的情况1.在介词后只用which，不能用that。This

is

the

bank

in

which

the

robbery

happened.这是那家发生抢劫案的银行。2.引导非限制性定语从句时只用which,不用that。This

is

the

book,

which

he

gave

me

yesterday.这就是他昨天给我的那本书。突破3

只用that不用which的情况1.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that。This

is

the

most

beautiful

mountain

that

I

have

seen.

这是我见过的最美丽的山。2.先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that。The

first

English

novel

that

I

read

was

Thirty-nine

Steps.我读的第一本英文小说是《三十九级台阶》。3.先行词前有all、

any、

no、

little、

much、

many、

the

only、

the

very、

the

last等修饰词时只能用that。Here

are

all

the

books

that

I

have.这就是我所有的书。This

is

the

only

book

that

I

like.这是我唯一喜欢的书。4.先行词是everything、

something、

anything、

all、

none、

much、

little、

many、

few等不定代词时，只能用that。Finally,

the

thief

handed

in

everything

that

he

had

stolen.最后，小偷交出了他偷的所有东西。5.先行词中既有“人”又有“物”时，只能用that。I

can

remember

some

people

and

some

pictures

that

I

saw

in

the

room.我能记得我在房间里看到的一些人和照片。6.先行词是the

one时，只能用that。This

is

the

one

that

you

want.

这就是你想要的那个。7.在以who引导的疑问句中，只能用that。Who

is

the

girl

that

is

standing

there?

站在那儿的那个女孩是谁？突破4

只用whom不用who的情况

在介词后只能用whom，不能用who。

The

girl

to

whom

I

talked

just

now

is

from

America.

我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩来自美国。突破5

定语从句中主谓一致的问题

当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。Tom

is

one

of

the

boys

who

are

from

the

USA.汤姆是来自美国的众多男孩中的一个。Tom

is

the

only

boy

that

is

from

the

USA.Tom是唯一来自美国的男孩。突破6

定语从句中介词与副词的问题

当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，如果定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词，要在其后加介词。（定语从句中的不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定的及物动词短语后，不能把介词或副词提到关系代词前）He

is

the

old

man

who/whom

we

looked

after

last

year.他是我们去年照顾的那位老人。That

is

the

book

which

I

am

looking

for.那就是我要找的书。突破7

关系副词when与where的使用1.when指时间。I

will

never

forget

the

time

when

we

worked

on

the

farm.我将永远不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那段时光。2.where指地点（where=介词+which）。This

is

the

house

where（=in

which）

he

lived

last

year.这是他去年住的房子。

定语从句与作定语的动词不定式、介词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语的转换。She

has

much

work

that

she

must

do.=She

has

much

work

to

do.她有许多要做的工作。The

man

who

is

in

the

car

is

Mr

Green.=The

man

in

the

car

is

Mr

Green.在车上的那个人是Green先生。The

girl

who

is

watering

flowers

there

is

my

sister.=The

girl

watering

flowers

there

is

my

sister.正在那儿浇花的那个女孩是我妹妹。The

boy

who

was

saved

in

the

river

has

come

back

to

life.=The

boy

saved

in

the

river

has

come

back

to

life.从河里被救起的那个男孩苏醒过来了。单项选择1.Mrs

Wang

is

an

English

teacher___makes

her

classes

lively

and

interesting.［2022吉林］BA.which

B.who

C.what

D.whose【解析】句意：王老师是一位英语老师，她使她的课生动有趣。此句含定语从句，先行词是an

English

teacher，指人，在从句中作主语，

应用who引导定语从句。2.The

boys

___

are

playing

football

are

from

Class

One.［2022黑龙江］BA.which

B.who

C.whose

D.what【解析】句意：正在踢足球的男孩们来自一班。此句含定语从句，先行词是boys，指人，在从句中作主语，应用who引导定语从句。3.I

can't

forget

the

teachers

and

the

university

___

I

visited

two

years

ago.

They

bring

me

many

sweet

memories.［2022黑龙江绥化］AA.that

B.which

C.what

D.who【解析】句意：我不能忘记两年前我拜访的老师和参观的大学。它们带给我许多甜蜜的回忆。此处含定语从句，先行词既有人又有物，在从句中作宾语，关系代词只能用that。4.Abing's

Erquan

Yingyue

is

a

piece

of

music

___has

become

one

of

China's

national

treasures.［2021贵州安顺］BA.who

B.which

C.whose

D.where【解析】句意：阿炳的《二泉映月》是一首已成为中国国宝之一的音乐作品。此句含定语从句，先行词是music，指物，在从句中作主语，应用which引导定语从句。5.—Do

you

like

the

movie

________

is

called

The

Battle

at

Lake

Changjin?—Sure.

I

think

no

movie

is

________

than

it.［2022四川达州］(

)

AA.that；

more

touching

B.what；

less

touchingC.that；

more

touched

D.which；

less

touched【解析】句意：“你喜欢《长津湖》这部电影吗？”“当然。我认为没有哪部电影比它更感人了。”第一空所在句是定语从句，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，排除B。touching“感人的”；touched“感动的”。此处修饰电影，用-ing结尾的形容词，排除C和D，故选A。6.—Is

the

woman

________

walked

past

just

now

your

teacher?—Yes，

she

teaches

________

English

and

we

all

love

her

very

much.［2022贵州铜仁］(

)

BA.which；

our

B.who；

us

C.which；

us

D.that；

our【解析】句意：“刚才走过去的那个女人是你的老师吗？”“是的，她教我们英语，我们都非常喜欢她。”第一空所在句是定语从句，先行词woman指人，在从句中作主语，应用who或that引导定语从句，排除A和C。us是人称代词宾格；our是形容词性物主代词。第二空位于动词teach后，应用人称代词宾格作宾语，故选B。7.Lei

Feng

is

a

great

person

___

sets

a

good

example

to

us.［2023湖南岳阳］AA.who

B.which

C.whose

D.whom【解析】空格处引导定语从句，先行词是a

great

person，指人，在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词that或who引导定语从句。8.Tea

is

the

leaf

of

a

plant

___

grows

widely

in

China,

Japan

and

other

countries.［2023湖南郴州］CA.what

B.who

C.that

D.where【解析】空格处引导定语从句，先行词是a

plant，指物，在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。9.The

Aerospace

Square

___

was

completed

last

year

has

become

a

new

tourist

attraction.［2023辽宁营口］AA.which

B.who

C.whom

D.where【解析】空格处引导定语从句，先行词是The

Aerospace

Square，指物，在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。10.If

we

study

hard

with

big

dreams,

there

is

nothing

___

can't

be

achieved.［2023黑龙江牡丹江］BA.who

B.that

C.whom

D.where【解析】空格处引导定语从句，先行词nothing是不定代词，故用关系代词that引导定语从句。11.Rome

is

an

ancient

city

___

is

full

of

places

of

interest.