UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 高中英语必修第三册

UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUES佳作抢鲜背学写作思路，背精彩范文(文体：发言稿话题：欢迎致辞)(2021·浙江1月卷)假定你是李华，下周有新西兰学生访问你校，你将作为学生代表致欢迎辞。请为此写一篇发言稿，内容包括：1.表示欢迎；2.介绍活动安排；3.表达祝愿。精彩范文DearexchangestudentsfromNewZealand，IamLihua，chairmanoftheStudentUnion.Onbehalfofthewholeschool，Iextendawarmwelcometoyourarrival.Tosoakallofyouinourauthenticlocalaswellasuniquecampusculture，atraditionalShaoxingoperaperformedbyusstudentswillbestagedattheSchoolHallonMondaymorning，from9：00amto11：00am.Afterabrieflunch，miniworkshopssuchaspaper-cutting，calligraphy，inscribing，porcelainmakingandshadowshowwillbesetupatthestadiumintheafternoon.Isincerelywishyoucantakefulladvantageofthisopportunitytoexplore，enjoyandembraceourcharmingculture.迁移运用每日句型练透：表示列举的句式(一)suchas/including/like...1.Manystudentsstayuplateforvariousreasons，suchas/including/likeunfinishedassignmentsorbeingaddictedtodigitaldevices.(2023·哈三中高三二模)许多学生因为各种原因而熬夜，比如未完成作业或沉迷于数字设备。2.YoucandraworwriteanythingrelatedtotheWinterOlympics，suchas/including/likethehistoryoftheWinterOlympics,theintroductionofWinterOlympicssportsorathletesandsoon.(2023·烟台高三二模)你可以画或写任何与冬奥会有关的东西，如冬奥会的历史、冬奥会的运动项目或运动员的介绍等。语境背诵(限时：25分钟)Ⅰ.阅读单词1.moraldilemma道德困境2.illustratethisdifficultpoint阐明这个难点3.entrustthetasktosb把这任务托付给某人4.tuitionfees学费5.jointhestudents’union加入学生会6.aresidentphysician一名住院医师7.consulthiscolleagues咨询他的同事8.openaprivateclinic开办一家私人诊所9.liveinafarawayvillage住在一个遥远的村庄10.overthepastdecade在过去的十年里11.leavehersavingstoakindergarten把她的存款留给一家幼儿园12.healthinsurance健康保险13.theSouthPole南极14.kisshimonthelips吻他的嘴唇15.setoffachainreaction引起了连锁反应16.givethewaitressabigtip给女服务员一大笔小费17.pregnantwomen孕妇18.pushthestonewithallhermight用她的全力推那块石头19.tellafable讲寓言故事Ⅱ.核心单词1.akindoftraditionalvirtue一种传统美德2.wasteprecioustime浪费宝贵的时间3.winascholarship获得奖学金4.publishmedicalresearch发表医学研究5.newstaffinherdepartment她部门里的新员工6.goagainstone’sprinciple违背某人的原则7.passivesmoking被动吸烟8.replacethesecretary替换这位秘书9.atmidnight在子夜10.chairmanoftheStudents’Association学生会主席11.sufferlossofmemory失去记忆12.amoreflexibleapproach更灵活的方法13.peopleonhigh/lowincomes高/低收入的人14.thereforeadv.因此；所以——————————————————————————————1.moraladj.道德的；道义上的n.品行；道德；寓意2.faintvi.昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的3.hirevt.聘任；雇用；租用n.租借；租用4.tendvt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于5.whispervi.&vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n.耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传6.importn.进口；进口商品vt.进口；输入；引进7.exportn.出口；出口商品vt.出口；输出；传播8.bitevt.&vi.(bit，bitten，biting)咬；叮；蜇n.咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤9.disguisevt.装扮；假扮；掩盖n.伪装；化装用具10.spillvt.&vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled，spilling)(使)洒出；(使)溢出11.limpvi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走n.跛行12.tearn.眼泪；泪水vt.(tore/torn/tearing)撕破13.despairn.绝望vi.绝望；感到无望14.courtn.(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭———————————————————————————————————Ⅲ.派生单词1.marryvt.&vi.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→marriagen.结婚；婚姻2.majoradj.主要的vi.主修n.主修课程→majorityn.大部分；大多数3.complainvi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaintn.抱怨；投诉4.respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→responsen.反应；回答；回复5.rejectvt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejectionn.拒绝接受；否决6.appointvt.指定；约定；任命；委派→appointedadj.约定的；指定的→appointmentn.约会；任命；委任7.electvt.选举；推选→electionn.选举；推选；当选8.scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→scaredadj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scaryadj.令人恐惧的9.sharpadj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的；突然转向的；敏锐的；尖锐的→sharplyadv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpenvt.削尖；磨快；使提高10.energyn.精力；活力；能量→energeticadj.精力充沛的；充满活力的11.accidentn.事故；车祸；失事→accidentaladj.意外的；偶然的→accidentallyadv.偶然地12.operatevt.&vi.经营；操作；运转vi.做手术→operationn.手术；企业；经营；操作13.assistvt.帮助；援助→assistantn.助理；助手→assistancen.帮助；援助14.harmn.&vt.伤害；损害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.无害的15.tenseadj.紧张的；担心的；令人紧张的→tensionn.紧张关系；紧张；焦虑1.inneedofhelp需要帮助2.playakeyrole发挥主要作用3.passaway去世4.disguisehimself伪装他自己5.carryherthroughtoughtimes帮助她渡过难关6.tendtogetalittleangry往往会有点生气7.givesbfirstaid对某人实施急救8.inmemoryofaChinesepoet纪念中国的一位诗人9.tripoverarock被一个石头绊倒10.leavetheroomintears流着泪离开房间11.giveupthestruggleindespair绝望地放弃了斗争12.agreatdealofmoney大量的金钱1.Amoraldilemmaisasituationinwhichyouhavetwoormoredifficultchoicestomake.(抽象地点名词作先行词的定语从句)道德困境是指你有两个或更多困难选择要做的情况。2.Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级)对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，……3.SheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.(the＋序数词＋n.＋todosth)她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。4.ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChinasawDrLinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.(see意为“见证”时的拟人用法)新中国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了关键的作用。5.Afterawhile，agroupofwomencamealong，eachbalancingapotofwateronherhead.(独立主格结构)过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。6.Neithershenorherfriendsthoughtaboutmovingthestoneoutoftheroad.(neither...nor...)她没有想着把石头从路上挪走，她的朋友们也没有这样想。【词汇拓展记忆】聚焦形容词后缀-ic/-(a)tic“费用”都要考虑到“in＋抽象名词”短语①energy→energetic精力充沛的②system→systematic系统的③base→basic基本的④organ→organic有机的⑤enthusiasm→enthusiastic热情的⑥history→historic有历史意义的①fare车费②expense花费③charge费用；价钱④fine罚款⑤fee专业服务费；报酬⑥tip小费①indespair处于绝望中②insilence沉默地③insurprise吃惊地④indanger处于危险之中⑤inanger生气地⑥indoubt怀疑语基默写(限时：20分钟)Ⅰ.单词拼写一、阅读单词——知其意1.illustratevt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图2.moraladj.道德的；道义上的n.品行；道德；寓意3.dilemman.进退两难的境地；困境4.entrustvt.委托；交付5.physiciann.医师；(尤指)内科医生6.kindergartenn.学前班；幼儿园7.insurancen.保险；保险业8.importn.进口；进口商品vt.进口；输入；引进9.exportn.出口；出口商品vt.出口；输出；传播10.chainn.一连串(人或事)；链子；链条11.pregnantadj.怀孕的；妊娠的12.disguisevt.装扮；假扮；掩盖n.伪装；化装用具13.mightn.力量；威力14.fablen.寓言；寓言故事15.feen.专业服务费；报酬16.colleaguen.同事；同僚二、核心单词——写其形1.faintvi.昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的2.hirevt.聘任；雇用；租用n.租借；租用3.staffn.员工；全体职员4.principlen.道德原则；法则；原则5.passiveadj.被动的；顺从的6.whispervi.&vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n.耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传7.midnightn.子夜；午夜8.bitevt.&vi.(bit，bitten，biting)咬；叮；蜇n.咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤9.chairmann.主席；主持人；董事长10.spillvt.&vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled，spilling)(使)洒出；(使)溢出11.despairn.绝望vi.绝望；感到无望12.incomen.收入；收益■结合语境运用单词13.I’mwritingtoexpressmysincerethankstoMsWangwhotended(照顾)mymotherinthehospital.14.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology，whetherhumanbeingswillbereplaced(替代)byrobotsinthefutureisindoubt.15.Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks，nearlyhalfofwhichwerepublished(出版)inthe1990s.16.Asisknowntous，it’savirtue(美德)togiveahandtothoseinneed，especiallyinsuchacompetitiveandstressfulsociety.17.Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgiveussomeprecious(宝贵的)adviceonhowtoimproveouronlineEnglishschool.18.Therefore(因此)，studentsshouldsparemoretimeforEnglishreadingratherthanwatchingmoviesorlisteningtomusictoomuch.(2022·全国乙卷)19.Hesniffledquietly，tears(眼泪)threateningtospillfromhiseyes.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)20.Ifyouwanttosucceed，youneedtobemoreflexible(灵活的)andcreativeinyourapproach.三、拓展单词——通其变1.marryvt.&vi.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→marriagen.结婚；婚姻2.majoradj.主要的vi.主修n.主修课程→majorityn.大部分；大多数3.respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→responsen.反应；回答；回复4.rejectvt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejectionn.拒绝接受；否决5.sharpadj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的；突然转向的；敏锐的；尖锐的→sharplyadv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpenvt.削尖；磨快；使提高6.harmn.&vt.伤害；损害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.无害的■利用语境串记单词7.TheresidentphysicianoftencomplainsabouthisworkingconditionsandI’mtiredofhiscomplaints.(complain)8.Seeingthescarywolf，childrenwereveryscared，butsomeadultsmanagedtoscarethebeastoff.(scare)9.Doctorsoperatedontheinjuredpersonimmediatelyandtheoperationwasverysuccessful.(operate)10.Whenheneededsomeonetoassisthim，hisassistantcametohisassistance.(assist)11.Heisamanwhoisfullofenergy.WheneverIcomeacrosshim，heisalwaysenergeticandinhighspirits.(energy)12.MaryandIhadappointedtomeetattheshoppingcenter，butshefailedtokeeptheappointment，soIwasveryangry.(appoint)Ⅱ.短语填空1.carrysbthroughsth帮助某人渡过难关2.tendtodosth易于做某事；往往会发生某事3.agreatdealof大量4.passaway去世5.inmemoryof作为对……的纪念6.tripover被……绊倒7.intears流着泪；含着泪8.indespair处于绝望中■根据语境选词填空9.Attheageof98，thegreatChinesescientistpassedaway，whichwasagreatlosstoourcountry.10.Thoughtheirtaskwasadifficultone，theirgreatdeterminationcarriedthemthrough.(hardships)11.WiththepopularityoftheInternet，wetendtospendmoretimelookingatourscreensthanthepersoninfrontofus.12.TheDragonBoatFestivalisheldeveryyearinmemoryofQuYuan，oneofthegreatestpoetsofancienttimes.13.Seeingalicewalkintotheclassroomintears，herdeskmateaskedherwhathadhappened.Ⅲ.句式仿写1.句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级在我看来，在生活中健康是最重要的。Inmyopinion，nothingismoreimportantthanhealthinlife.2.句式解读：“见证”的拟人用法众所周知，近年来中国发生了巨大的变化，特别是在北京、天津和上海。(北京卷)Asweknow，recentyearshavewitnessedgreatchangestakingplaceinChina，particularlyinBeijing，TianjinandShanghai.3.句型公式：独立主格结构一群女孩走来，每人手里拿着一些鲜花。Agroupofgirlcamealong，eachcarryingsomefreshflowersinherhand.Part1核心要点突破1.respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→responsen.回答；答复；反应【佳句背诵】EverytimeIaskedhimforadvice，hewouldrespondto/makearesponsetomeimmediately.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。【以练促学】单句语法填空/补全句子①Knowingbasicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.②Inresponsetotheappeal，Ihavemadesomechangesinmywayoflife，whichrangefromtransportationtowatersaving.为了响应号召，我在生活方式上做出了一些改变，从交通到节水。【用法归纳】·respondto对……做出回应或反应；答复·inresponseto对……的答复；对……做出反应makea/noresponseto对……做出回应/不予回答2.appointvt.任命；委派→appointedadj.约定的；指定的→appointmentn.约会；约定，预约；委任【佳句背诵】Learningthathewasappointedasheadoftheteam，hecouldn’tcontainhisexcitementanddancedintothehouse.(动作和心理描写)得知他被任命为队长后，他激动得雀跃着进了家门。【以练促学】单句语法填空/一句多译①Iwasappointed(appoint)totakechargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.②非常遗憾，这个周末我不能守约和你出去了。(道歉信，2021·北京卷)→It’sagreatpitythatIcan’tkeeptheappointmenttogooutwithyouthisweekend.→It’sagreatpitythatIwillbreaktheappointmenttogooutwithyouthisweekend.【用法归纳】·appointsbas/tobe...任命某人为……appointsbtodosth委派某人做某事·make/haveanappointment(withsb)(与某人)约会/预约keep/breakanappointment守约/违约3.scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→scaredadj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scaryadj.吓人的；恐怖的【佳句背诵】Anyway，Adamwasonlyaboyofsevenandwhathadhappenedreallyscaredhim.不管怎样，亚当只是一个七岁的男孩，发生的事情真的让他很害怕。【以练促学】单句语法填空/补全句子①“Iwassoscared(scare)thatIhurriedhomeinpanicwithouttellinghim，”Adamsaid，fullofguilt.(心理描写)②Afterwatchingascary(scare)filminthecinema，shewasscaredofwalkinghomealoneandtherefore，shecalledataxi.③Ibowedmyheadtimidlyandwasscaredtolookatmyfather’scloudyface.(心理描写)我胆怯地低着头，不敢看爸爸那张阴云密布的脸。【用法归纳】(1)bescaredtodosth害怕/不敢做某事bescaredofsb/sth害怕某人/某事bescaredtodeath吓得要死(2)scaresbintodoingsth恐吓某人做某事4.replacevt.接替；取代；更换；放回原处【佳句背诵】Ireplacedhimastheleadingroleintheschooldrama，whichcameasabigshocktotheclass.我代替他成为学校戏剧中的主角，这让全班同学大为震惊。【以练促学】单句语法填空/一句多译①AsfarasI’mconcerned，itisnotagoodideatomissmealsandreplacethemwith/bysnacks.②喜欢并向其他文化学习是好的，但它们永远无法取代你自己的文化。→It’sgoodtoenjoyotherculturesandlearnfromthem，buttheycanneverreplaceyourownculture.→It’sgoodtoenjoyotherculturesandlearnfromthem，buttheycannevertaketheplaceofyourownculture.【用法归纳】·replace...with/by...用……替换……replace...as...取代……而成为……·taketheplaceofsb＝takesb’splace代替某人inplaceof代替5.assistvt.帮助；协助；援助→assistantn.助手；助理→assistancen.帮助；协助【佳句背诵】I’mwonderingifyoucouldassistmeinchoosing/tochoosethesuitabletopicsfortheclassmeeting.我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。(求助信，2021·全国甲卷)【以练促学】单句语法填空/补全句子①Havingagreatdealofteachingexperienceataprimaryschool，IdobelievethatIamqualifiedtobeyourteachingassistant(assist).(申请信)②Whenthetwinswereworriedthattheycouldn’tsucceedinmakingadeliciousMother’sDaybreakfast，theirfathercametotheirassistance.Withtheassistanceoftheirfather/Withtheirfatherassistingthem，thetwinsmadeit，andtheirfacesalsolitupwithasmile.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，爸爸来帮他们了。在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，他们的脸上也洋溢着笑容。【用法归纳】·assistsbtodo/indoingsth帮助某人做某事assistsbwith/insth在某方面帮助某人·come/gotoone’sassistance来/去援助某人withtheassistanceof...在……的帮助下6.tearn.眼泪；泪水vt.(tore，torn)撕破【佳句背诵】Whenwetearonepagefromthecalendar，itmeansourlifehasbeenshortenedbyoneday.每当我们从日历上撕下一页，就意味着我们的生命又少了一天。【以练促学】补全句子①Withalltheangeranddisappointmentexplodinginmyheart，Ifinallyburstintotears.(情感描写)我满腔的愤怒和失望，终于哭了起来。②IwasheartbrokentoseetearsstreamingdownJane’scheeks.(心理描写)看到简泪流满面，我很伤心。③Hearingtheirplan，Bernardjumpedforjoy，tearsofhappinessandgratitudewellingupinhiseyes.(情感描写，2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)听到他们的计划，伯纳德高兴得跳了起来，幸福和感激的泪水涌上双眼。【用法归纳】·intears流着泪；含着泪burstintotears突然大哭起来fight/holdbacktears强忍住泪水·tearsthapart撕碎某物tearsthdown推倒；拆毁(建筑物)tearsthup把(纸/布)撕碎7.harmn.&vt.伤害；损害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.无害的；不致伤害的【佳句背诵】Icuppedmyhandoverthephone，whisperingthatImeantnoharm.(动作描写)我用手捂住电话，低声告诉她我没有恶意。【以练促学】补全句子/一句多译①Suddenly，anideaflashedintohermind.PerhapstheremightbenoharmifshemovedthemarkGrandmotherhadputinthestocking.突然，她的脑海里闪出了一个想法。如果她移动了祖母放在长筒袜上的标记，也许不会有什么坏处。②有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。(倡议书)→Someboysareaddictedtoplayinggames，whichisveryharmfultotheirhealth.(定语从句；harmful)→Someboysareaddictedtoplayinggames，causinggreatharmtotheirhealth.(分词短语作状语，harm)【用法归纳】·harmone’shealth/image/reputation损害某人的健康/形象/名誉·do/causeharmtosb＝do/causesbharm对某人造成损害/伤害Thereisnoharmindoingsth做某事没有害处meannoharm无恶意·beharmfulto...对……有害8.inmemoryof作为对……的纪念【佳句背诵】Weheldaseriesofactivitiesinmemoryofthedoctorswhogavetheirlivestothecountry.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)我们举办了一系列的活动来纪念为了国家而献出生命的医生。【以练促学】补全句子①AschairmanoftheStudents’Union，IwasappointedtobeinchargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesduringyourstayinTianjin.作为学生会主席，我被委派负责你在天津逗留期间的所有活动。②HehasmadeuphismindtogotoShanghaiinsearchofabetterlife.他已经下定决心要去上海寻找一种更好的生活。③Intermsofthecontentofthecompetition，youcandraworwriteanythingrelatedtotheWinterOlympics.就比赛内容而言，你可以画或写任何与冬奥会有关的东西。【用法归纳】inhonourof为了向……表示敬意，纪念……inneedof需要inchargeof负责，管理insearchof寻找infavourof赞同，支持intermsof就……而言9.句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级【教材原句】Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，……【佳句背诵】“Ihaveneverhadamoredeliciousbreakfastthanthisone！”themotherrespondedexcitedly.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。【以练促学】单句语法填空/补全句子①Hardthoughitis，thereisnothingasvaluableasthesenseofachievementyougetfromchallengingyourself.(读后续写之主旨升华)②Nothingcanbringmorejoyandhappinessthanreadingthosemasterpiecescreatedbygreatfigures.没有什么比阅读那些伟大人物的杰作更能带来快乐和幸福的了。【用法归纳】(1)“否定词＋比较级”结构中常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody等。(2)含否定词，表最高级意义的其他表达：·否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as·否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than·have/hadnever/not＋v.-ed＋such＋形容词原级＋名词。10.句式解读：“见证”的拟人用法【教材原句】ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChinasawDrLinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.新中国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了关键的作用。【佳句背诵】Thenextmomentsawthemother’ssurpriseandhappinesswhenshetastedthebreakfastpreparedforherbythetwins.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)紧接着，当母亲品尝到双胞胎为她准备的早餐时，她又惊又喜。【以练促学】补全句子①What’smore，videosaboutthethreeyears’life，whichwitnessedthewholeprocessofourgrowth，wereplayed.(2020·天津7月卷)此外，还播放了关于这三年生活的视频，它们见证了我们成长的整个过程。②Unfortunately，asoureconomyadvances，recentyearshaveseentheoceansbeingpolluted.(2022·全国甲卷)不幸的是，随着我们经济的发展，近年来目睹了海洋被污染了。【用法归纳】·see意为“见证，目睹，经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。·find，witness，say，experience等词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩。Part2基础达标检测(限时：20分钟)维度一语境运用练——单句语法填空1.Aseveryoneknows，it’snousecryingoverspilled/spilt(spill)milk.2.ThestudentsseemedtobeexpectinganotherboringanddullEnglishlesson，somedroppingtheireyesandsomewhispering(whisper)inthebackrows.3.Intheviewoftheretired(retire)teacher，humorcanmakeoneenergetic(energy)inhiswork，studyandlife.4.Theirmaincomplaint(complain)isthatthepricesofawiderangeofdailygoodshaverisensharply(sharp)inthepastdays.5.Ihadintendedtobuyagifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage(marry)，butIwasrejected(reject).6.Wecomplained(complain)tothetravelagencyabouttheterribleserviceduringthetriptheotherday.However，noonehasresponded(respond)untilnow.7.AsBeijingisthefirstcitytohost(host)boththeSummerandWinterGames，the2022Olympicstorchfeaturesasimilardesigntothe2008Olympictorch.8.AfterLincolnwaselected(elect)PresidentoftheUSin1861，theyrentedthehouseandsoldmostoftheirfurniture.(2021·浙江6月卷)9.Bitten(bite)bythesnakeinthebush，Susanwassentbacktothecamp.10.Youcanputthebooksintheappointed(appoint)place，andotherparticipantscanhavefreeaccesstothem.维度二语境辨义练——熟词生义/一词多义1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思①Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.(2022·全国乙卷)n.运行；操作②Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbites，alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.(2022·全国甲卷)n.(咬下的)一口③Peoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)n.个人经历；履历2.选出sharp的汉语意思A.adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的B.adj.锋利的C.adj.突然转向的D.adj.敏锐的E.adj.尖锐的①Heexposedhissharpteeth，glaringatusasheranforward.(2020·浙江7月卷)B②Challengingworkmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage.(2020·浙江7月卷)D③Recentlytherehasbeenasharpdeclineininterestingardeningthroughoutthetown.A④Thecarmadeasharpturntotheleft.C⑤ThedisagreementwassosharpthatneitherhenorIknewhowtosettleit.(2022·全国甲卷)E维度三写作提能练补全句子/句式升级/一句多译1.Intimeofdifficulty，weshouldnotcomplaintoeachotherbutunderstandeachother.(读后续写之主旨升华)在困难的时候，我们不应该相互抱怨而是要互相理解。2.Hespentagreat/gooddealoftimewiththepoorfamilies，andhelearnedagreat/gooddealfromtheexperience.他花了大量的时间和这些贫困家庭待在一起，而且他从该经历中学到了很多东西。3.JohnwasthefirstpersontothinkofmakingpopcorntohelpBernardearnsomeextramoney.HewasconvincedthathehadtheabilitytohelpBernardoutofthedifficulty.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。4.Studentsshouldgetactivelyinvolvedinafter-classactivities.Theycangainexperienceforsocialcommunication.→Studentsshouldactivelyinvolvethemselvesinafter-classactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforsocialcommunication.(定语从句)5.Witheconomydevelopingatgreatspeed，afewchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinrecentyears.→Witheconomydevelopingatgreatspeed，ourcityhasseenafewchangesinrecentyears.(seev.)6.在我老师的帮助下，我逐渐适应了学校生活。→Withtheassistanceofmyteacher，Igraduallyadjustedtotheschoollife.(介词短语作状语)→Assistedbymyteacher，Igraduallyadjustedtotheschoollife.(分词短语作状语)双写培优练练一应用文写作运用(人物介绍——最尊敬的人)1.利用本单元所学知识翻译句子①当说到我最尊敬的人时，第一个出现在我脑海里的人是李叔叔。(不定式作定语)WhenitcomestothepersonIrespectmost，thefirstmantocometomymindisUncleLi.②十年前，他就被聘为我们社区的警卫。Hewashiredtoworkasaguardinourcommunityadecadeago.③虽然他的工作可能很无聊，但他从不抱怨，而且往往精力充沛。Thoughhisworkmaybeboring，henevercomplainsaboutitandtendstobeenergetic.④在COVID-19疫情爆发期间，他不仅坚持工作，还花费大量时间为人们测量体温，检查出入境通行证。(倒装)DuringtheoutbreakofCOVID-19，notonlydidhecarryonworkingbuthealsospentagreatdealoftimemeasuringpeople’sbodytemperatureandcheckingthepassesforexitandentry.⑤被他的无私贡献所感动，人们已选他为我们社区的榜样。Movedbyhisselflessdevotion，peoplehaselectedhimasarolemodelinourcommunity.2.使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇WhenitcomestothepersonIrespectmost，thefirstmantocometomymindisUncleLi.Hewashiredtoworkasaguardinourcommunityadecadeago.Thoughhisworkmaybeboring，henevercomplainsaboutitandtendstobeenergetic.Besides，duringtheoutbreakofCOVID-19，notonlydidhecarryonworkingbuthealsospentagreatdealoftimemeasuringpeople’sbodytemperatureandcheckingthepassesforexitandentry.Therefore，movedbyhisselflessdevotion，peoplehaselectedhimasarolemodelinourcommunity.练二续写微技能3——表达“宽慰与温暖”必备核心词语形容词warm，relieved，comfortable副词warmly，comfortably，relievedly名词warmth，relief，comfort词块makemefeelwarmagain(让我重新找回了温暖的感觉)，toone’srelief(使某人欣慰的是)，afeelingofwarmth(一种温暖的感觉)，breatheasighofrelief(如释重负地松了口气)，gaspwithrelief(松了一口气)佳句观摩好句仿写1.Alicefeltrelievedtoseeacarapproaching.看到一辆车靠近，爱丽丝松了一口气。2.Amixtureofwarmthandrelieffloodedoverher.一种温暖和解脱交织的感觉涌上她的心头。3.Tearsofappreciationwelledupinhereyesasshethankedthestrangerforhishelp，buthejustsmiledwarmly.她感谢陌生人的帮助时，感激的泪水涌上了她的眼睛，但他只是暖暖地一笑。1.Reachingthetallbuildingwhereherofficewas，Alicebreathedasighofrelief.爱丽丝到了她办公室所在的大楼。她如释重负地松了口气。2.Shefeltwarminthecoldday，andbelievedtherewaskindnessineverycorner.她在寒冷的天气里感到了温暖，相信处处都有好心人。Part3高考题型通关(限时：30分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·南昌重点中学联盟第二次联考)Thirteenyearsago，AvaKaufmanwasfightingforherlife.Now，thankstoadonorheartandsuccessfulorgantransplant，she’saliveandsavingothers.“Mylifechangedonadime.”saidKaufman，whowasaprofessionaldancerandblackbeltintaekwondo(跆拳道)whenanautoimmunediseasewentundiagnosedandsheendeduponlifesupportinintensivecarewithorganfailure.Onherbirthdayin2009，shereceivedanewheartandpromisedGodifshecouldlivetoraiseheryoungdaughter，shewoulddoeverythingshecouldtogiveback.Today，Kaufmanisdoingjustthat.Kaufmanstartedhernon-profit，Ava’sHeart.Sheandherorganizationoffertransplantpatientsservicesthatareoftennotcoveredbyinsurance，includingfood，gas，andhousing.Shefoundoutthatpatientsoftenmustshowfinancialsecurityandbeabletoaffordtransportationandhousingneartheirtransplanthospitaltogetlisted.AndforsomepatientshopingtoreceiveatransplantinabigcitylikeLosAngeles，whererentsarehighandhotelsareexpensive，thecostalonecouldbeabarrier.Kaufmanrunstwohousinglocationswhereshehousesuptofivetransplantpatientsandtheirfamiliesatatime，atnocost，aftertheirsurgery.Thisallowsthemtoremainclosetotheirtransplanthospitalforthedurationoftheiraftercare.Sinceshestarted，Kaufmanhashelpedabout175peoplewithpost-transplanthousing，andabout150morewithsupportservicesandfinancialassistance.At72，Kaufmanworksouteverydayandhasnoplanstoslowdown.“IfeellikeIwaschosentodothis，”shesaid.“WhenImadeapromisetoGod，Ididn’tknowwhatitwasgoingtobe，butitturnedouttobemynon-profit，Ava’sHeart.”【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了AvaKaufman经历心脏移植手术后成立非营利机构Ava’sHeart以帮助更多的移植病人重获新生的故事。1.WhatleftKaufman’slifeindanger?A.Aheartfromadonor.B.Anundiagnoseddisease.C.Anorgantransplant.D.ApromisetoGod.答案B[细节理解题。根据文章第二段“whowasaprofessionaldancer...carewithorganfailure”可知，未能确诊的自身免疫力疾病使Kaufman生命处于危险之中。]2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“onadime”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Immediately. B.Slightly.C.Frequently. D.Occasionally.答案A[词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文“whowasaprofessionalensivecarewithorganfailure”可知，Kaufman曾是一名职业舞者并获得跆拳道黑带段位，但是由于生病，她的人生很快发生了改变。由此可推知，此处指她的人生在生病后立即发生了变化。所以画线短语“onadime”意为“立即，马上”。]3.WhatcanweinferaboutAva’sHeart?A.Ithasofferedhousingto175patientsaftertheirtransplantsurgeries.B.Itplanstoslowdownbecausenoprofitcanbemadefromthepatients.C.ItwasstartedbyKaufmantohelpthetransplantpatientswithinsurance.D.Itmakesagreatdifferencetothepatientswhocan’taffordthecost.答案D[推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Sinceshestarted，Kaufmanhas...andfinancialassistance.”可知，Kaufman的机构已经为很多病人提供了住所，服务和经济援助，从而推知，Ava’sHeart对不能支付移植费用的病人帮助很大。]4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AWomanFightingforLifeB.NeverLoseHeartinFutureC.HomeisWheretheHeartisD.HeartDonationtoThoseinNeed答案C[标题归纳题。通读全文，本文主要介绍了Kaufman在接受了心脏移植的帮助后，创建了非营利组织——Ava’sHeart，通过为移植病人提供术后住处来帮助他们获得心脏移植的机会。C项符合文意，最适合作为本文标题，选项中的“Home”指的是Ava’sHeart无偿为移植患者提供的住处。](2023·如皋适应性考试)Seven-year-oldKaiClayissufferingfromaskinconditionthatseeshisskincrackanddrop“likeasnake”，butdespitetheagonizingpain，heissaidtoalwaysbesmiling.YoungKaihasbeenhailed“extremelybrave”and“likeawarrior”byhismother，Nikita，forbattlingoneachdaywithPityriasisRubraPilaris(PRP)，incurableandrareconditionthatcausesconstantinflammationandscalingoftheskin，dryeyesandthickenedpalmsandsoles，whichoftencrackandbleed.Theconditionisbelievedtoaffectonlyonein400，000peopleandputshimatriskoflife-threateningbloodinfections.Hismumis“heartbroken”atthethoughtofhimhavingtodealwiththishisentirelife，butatthesametimeadmitshisstrength“blowshermind”.Shesaid:“Ijustfinditmind-blowinghowaseven-year-oldkidcanjustsmilethroughitall.Kaiisremovingskindaily—hiswholebodyisveryflakysowhenhewakesupinthemorningthere’sdeadskinalloverhisbed.Hiseyelidsalsoturninsideoutandgoreallyred，dryandsoretothepointthatit’sreallyhardtoopenandclosehiseyes.”Themumcontinued:“Itjustbreaksmyhearteverysingletime，especiallybecausethereisnothingIcandoaboutit.”Kainowhastohavethreeeyedropsaday，asteroidcreamonceortwiceaday，amoisturizingcreamthreetimesadayandabathinointments(药膏)everynighttomanagehiscondition.Healsohasatabletdailyandaninjectioneverytwoweeksofpainreliefmedicationbutevenwiththatheoftenmissesweeksofschoolatatimeduringpainfulflare-ups.Aftersharingthestory，Nikitaexpressedherhopetoraiseawarenessforherson’sconditioninhopestheremightonedaybeacure.Sheadded:“Notalotofpeopleevenknowit’sathingandthereisn’tenoughresearchbecauseit’sthatrare.”【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了年仅七岁的KaiClay患有毛发红糠疹，但是他非常坚强。KaiClay的母亲向人们分享了毛发红糠疹的症状，以及Kai现在的治疗方式，希望有朝一日能找到治愈方法。5.WhatcanwelearnaboutKaifromthepassage?A.Heisalwayslaughedatbyothers.B.Hewantstosnakealongtheroad.C.Heisdiagnosedwithararedisease.D.Heenjoyssmilingathismother.答案C[细节理解题。根据文章第二段“YoungKaihasbeen...incurableandrarecondition”可知，Kai被诊断出患有一种罕见的疾病。]6.WhatdoesthemotherwanttoexpressinParagraph4?A.Kai’sstrengthandbravery.B.Kai’sworseningdisease.C.Kai’sinspiringexperience.D.Kai’suniquewayoflife.答案A[推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Ijustfinditmind-blowing...skinalloverhisbed.”可推知，Kai的母亲通过描述Kai发病时的症状来衬托Kai的坚强和勇敢。]7.Whydidthemothersharethestory?A.Toargueagainstpresentresearch.B.Toofferwaysofmanagingthedisease.C.Todemonstrateherson’spersonality.D.Todrawpublicattentiontothedisease.答案D[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Nikitaexpressedherhope...onedaybeacure.”可知，Kai的母亲分享儿子患病的故事是为了引起公众对该疾病的关注。]8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AbloodinfectiontransformedintoadiseaseB.Thepainrelief:anincreasingconcernC.MompraisesherlittlewarriorsonD.Smiling:awaytogetridofpain答案C[标题归纳题。通读全文，再根据文章第二段“YoungKaihasbeenhailed‘extremelybrave’and‘likeawarrior’byhismother，Nikita”可推知，本文主要讲述了年轻的Kai患上了罕见