全国英语等级考试（PETS）复习试题及答案高分策略(全新版)第五级(四川省遂宁市2026年上半年)

全国英语等级考试（PETS）复习试题及答案高分策略(全新版)第五级(四川省遂宁市2026年上半年)SectionI:ListeningComprehensionPartA:TrueorFalse(判断正误题)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhearashortlectureabouttheimpactofurbanizationonlocalclimatepatterns.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalsebasedonwhatyouhear.1.Urbanheatislandsareprimarilycausedbytheexcessiveuseofairconditioninginresidentialbuildings.2.Thereplacementofnaturalvegetationwithasphaltandconcretesignificantlyaltersthethermalpropertiesoftheurbanenvironment.3.Urbancanyonseffectivelyreducetheoveralltemperatureofthecitybyblockingdirectsunlight.4.Increasedcloudcoverandprecipitationareoftenobserveddownwindofmajorurbancentersduetorisingthermalcurrents.5.Implementinggreenroofsandurbanforestryhasproventobeanineffectivestrategyinmitigatingurbanheatislandeffects.PartB:GapFilling(填空题)Directions:Youwillhearamonologueaboutthehistoricaldevelopmentofartificialintelligence.Fillinthemissingwordsorphrasesinthefollowingsummary.TheconceptofartificialintelligencewasformallyestablishedduringtheDartmouthConferencein(6)________.Earlyresearchwasheavilyfocusedoncreatingmachinesthatcouldperformtasksrequiringhuman(7)________,suchassolvingmathematicalproblemsandplayingchess.However,thefieldexperiencedaperiodknownasthe"AIWinter"inthelate1970sduetoalackof(8)________powerandoverinflatedexpectations.TheresurgenceofAIinthe21stcenturywaslargelydrivenbytheadventofdeeplearningandtheavailabilityofmassive(9)________.Today,theprimarychallengeinAIdevelopmenthasshiftedfrombasiccomputationtoensuringalgorithmicfairnessandeliminating(10)________inautomateddecision-makingsystems.PartC:MultipleChoice(单项选择题)Directions:Listentoaninterviewbetweenaradiohostandanevolutionarybiologistdiscussingthesymbioticrelationshipbetweencertainspeciesofantsandacaciatrees.Choosethebestanswerforeachquestion.11.Whatisthemaintopicoftheinterview?A.Thedefensivemechanismsofacaciatreesagainstherbivores.B.Thesymbioticrelationshipbetweenantsandacaciatrees.C.Theimpactofclimatechangeoninsectpopulations.D.Theevolutionaryhistoryofaggressiveantspecies.12.Accordingtothebiologist,whatdotheantsprimarilyreceivefromtheacaciatree?A.Shelterandspecializedfoodstructures.B.Protectionfrompredatorybirds.C.Asafenestinggroundawayfromfloodwaters.D.Nectarthatinducesaggressivebehavior.13.Whathappenswhenanherbivoreattemptstoeattheleavesoftheacaciatree?A.Thetreereleasesachemicaltoxinintotheair.B.Theantsswarmtheherbivoreandbiteit.C.Thetreeshedsitsleavestopreventfurtherdamage.D.Theantssecreteapheromonethatwarnsothertrees.14.Whydidthehostmentiontheexperimentinvolvingtheremovalofants?A.Toprovethatthetreescannotsurvivewithouttheants.B.Toshowthatthetreesgrowslowerwithouttheants.C.Toillustratetheobligatenatureofthemutualism.D.Todemonstratethatantscompetewithotherbeneficialinsects.15.Whatdoesthebiologistsuggestaboutthefutureofthismutualism?A.Itishighlyvulnerabletodeforestation.B.Itwilladaptquicklytoalternativehostplants.C.Itiscurrentlythreatenedbyanewviralpathogen.D.Itisbecominglessdependentonenvironmentalfactors.SectionII:UseofEnglishPartA:ClozeTest(单项选择题)Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordforeachnumberedblankfromthefouroptionsprovided.Theconceptofcognitivereservehasgainedsignificanttractioninthefieldofneuropsychologyoverthepastfewdecades.Itpositsthatindividualswithhigherlevelsofeducation,occupationalattainment,andmentalengagementpossessabufferagainsttheclinical(16)________ofbrainpathology.Whenneuronaldegradationoccurs,asistypicalinAlzheimer'sdisease,individualswitharobustcognitivereservecan(17)________cognitivedeclineforalongerperiod.Interestingly,themechanismbehindcognitivereserveisnotstrictlystructural.Whilebrainvolumeandsynapticdensityplayarole,researchersemphasizethatcognitivereserveislargely(18)________byneuralnetworks'efficiencyandflexibility.Thismeansthattwoindividualswiththeexactsameamountofphysicalbraindamagemightexhibit(19)________differentclinicalsymptoms.Theonewithgreatercognitivereservecanrecruitalternativeneuralpathwaystoperformtasks,effectivelymaskingthe(20)________impairment.Therefore,modernneuroscientificresearchisincreasinglyfocusedonidentifyinglifestylefactorsthatactively(21)________cognitivereserve.Bilingualism,musicaltraining,andsustainedsocialengagementhaveallbeenempiricallylinkedtoenhancedneuralplasticity.Theseactivitiesdemandcomplexcognitiveprocessing,which(22)________forcesthebraintobuilddenser,moreresilientnetworks.Theimplicationofthisresearchisprofound:evenforindividualswithageneticpredispositiontoneurodegenerativediseases,lifelonglearningremainsa(23)________strategy.Itisatestamenttothebrain'sremarkableabilitytoadapt,reorganize,and(24)________itselfagainsttheinevitablebiologicalagingprocess.Ultimately,cognitivereserverepresentsavitalparadigmshift,suggestingthathowweliveprofoundlyinfluencesthetrajectoryofourneurological(25)________.16.A.manifestationsB.complicationsC.consequencesD.diagnoses17.A.preventB.delayC.reverseD.accelerate18.A.determinedB.restrictedC.dictatedD.influenced19.A.slightlyB.marginallyC.vastlyD.narrowly20.A.permanentB.underlyingC.superficialD.cognitive21.A.buildupB.breakdownC.wipeoutD.holdback22.A.artificiallyB.temporarilyC.inadvertentlyD.systematically23.A.complementaryB.defensiveC.controversialD.speculative24.A.isolateB.shieldC.distanceD.detach25.A.healthB.structureC.functionD.agingPartB:WordFormation(填空题)Directions:Readthetextbelow.Usethewordgiveninbracketsattheendofeachlinetoformawordthatfitsinthespace.Theglobalizationofmodernagriculturehasledtoadramaticreductionincrop(26)________(diverse).Monoculturefarming,whilehighly(27)________(efficiency)formassproduction,leavesentireharvestsvulnerabletopestsanddiseases.The(28)________(eradicate)oftraditionalfarmingknowledgehasfurthercompoundedthisissue.Indigenouscommunitieshavelongpracticed(29)________(sustain)agriculturebyintercroppingandrotatingcrops,methodsthatnaturallyenrichthesoil.The(30)________(prior)ofyieldoverecologicalbalanceisnowrecognizedasasystemicfailure.Consequently,thereisagrowingmovementtore-establish(31)________(local)adaptedseedvarieties.Thesevarietiespossessanatural(32)________(resist)tolocalclimaticextremes.Furthermore,ashifttowards(33)________(organize)farmingpracticeshasbeenshowntoimprovesoilmicrobiota.The(34)________(transform)ofourfoodsystemsisnotmerelyatechnicalchallenge;itrequiresaprofoundphilosophicalshiftinhowwevaluetheearth's(35)________(ecology)integrity.SectionIII:ReadingComprehensionPartA:SingleChoice(单项选择题)Directions:Readthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthecorrectoption.Theadventofthe"InternetofThings"(IoT)hastransformedordinaryhouseholdobjectsintointerconnectednodesofdatacollection.Fromsmartrefrigeratorsthatmonitorgrocerydepletiontothermostatsthatlearnuserpreferences,thedomesticenvironmentisincreasinglyoptimizedforconvenience.However,thisproliferationofembeddedsensorsraisesprofoundprivacyconcerns.Unliketraditionalcomputingdevices,whichrequireexplicituserinteractiontotransmitdata,smarthomedevicesoperatecontinuouslyinthebackground,capturinggranulardetailsofdailyroutines.Thedatageneratedisoftentransmittedtothird-partycloudserversforprocessingandanalysis.Whilecompaniesclaimthisdataisanonymized,researchershavedemonstratedthatbehavioralpatternscanbereverse-engineeredtoidentifyspecifichouseholdsandindividuals.Forinstance,thefrequencywithwhichasmartdoorisopenedcanrevealoccupancypatterns,creatingpotentialsecurityvulnerabilities.Furthermore,thelegalframeworksurroundingtheownershipofthisambientdataremainsambiguous.Consumersfrequentlyagreetolengthy,opaquetermsofservicewithoutrealizingtheyaregrantingperpetuallicensestotheirpersonalbehavioraldata.Tomitigatetheserisks,expertsadvocateforaparadigmshifttowards"edgecomputing"insmarthomearchitectures.Edgecomputingprocessesdatalocallyonthedeviceorwithinthelocalnetwork,ratherthansendingittothecloud.Thisapproachsignificantlyreducesthevolumeofdataexposedtopotentialinterceptionduringtransmissionandlimitsthecontrolofexternalcorporationsoveruserdata.However,implementingedgecomputingrequiresmoresophisticatedhardware,increasingthecostofsmartdevices—atrade-offmanufacturersarereluctanttomakeinahighlycompetitive,price-sensitivemarket.36.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatisaprimarydifferencebetweenIoTdevicesandtraditionalcomputingdevices?A.IoTdevicesrequireexplicituserinteractiontofunction.B.IoTdevicesaresignificantlymoreexpensivetomanufacture.C.IoTdevicescontinuouslycollectdatainthebackground.D.IoTdevicesaremorevulnerabletophysicaldamage.37.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheclaimsmadebycompaniesregardingdataanonymization?A.Theyareentirelyfraudulentanddeceptive.B.Theyarepracticallyimpossibletoverify.C.Theydonotfullyprotectagainsttheidentificationofindividuals.D.Theyarestrictlyregulatedbyinternationallaw.38.Theterm"ambientdata"inthesecondparagraphreferstodatathatis:A.relatedtoenvironmentaltemperatureandweather.B.collectedcontinuouslyaspartoftheeverydayenvironment.C.storedpermanentlyonlocalharddrives.D.transmittedoversecure,encryptednetworks.39.Accordingtothepassage,whyaremanufacturershesitanttoadoptedgecomputing?A.Itrequireslesssophisticatedhardware,makingdeviceslessreliable.B.Itexposesuserdatatogreaterrisksofcloudinterception.C.Itincreasestheproductioncostsofsmartdevices.D.Itreducestheoverallfunctionalityofthesmarthomesystem.40.Whatistheauthor'sprimarypurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Topromotethewidespreadadoptionofsmarthometechnology.B.Toexplainthetechnicalmechanismsofcloudcomputing.C.TohighlighttheprivacyrisksassociatedwithIoTandsuggestasolution.D.Tocriticizemanufacturersforprioritizingprofitoversecurity.PartB:MultipleChoice(多项选择题)Directions:Readthefollowingpassageaboutdeep-seamining.Chooseallthecorrectanswersforeachquestionfromtheoptionsprovided.Theremaybemorethanonecorrectanswer.Thedeepseabed,onceconsideredabarrenwasteland,isnowrecognizedasavastrepositoryofcriticalmineralsessentialforgreenenergytechnologies.Polymetallicnoduleslyingontheoceanfloorcontainsignificantconcentrationsofcobalt,nickel,copper,andmanganese—elementsvitalformanufacturinglithium-ionbatteries.Asterrestrialsourcesofthesemineralsdeplete,miningcompaniesareaggressivelypursuingdeep-seaextraction.However,theecologicalimplicationsofthisendeavoraredeeplyconcerning.Thedeepoceanischaracterizedbyextremecold,immensepressure,andanabsenceofsunlight.Theseconditionsresultinextraordinarilyslowmetabolicratesandreproductivecycles.Aminingoperationthatstripstheseabedofitsnoduleseffectivelydestroysahabitatthatmaytakemillenniatorecover.Furthermore,theplumesofsedimentstirredupbyminingmachinerycantravelvastdistances,smotheringfilter-feedingorganismsfarfromtheactualminingsite.Theregulatoryvacuumisanothermajorissue.TheInternationalSeabedAuthority(ISA)istaskedwithmanagingdeep-searesourcesininternationalwaters,butitsdualmandatetobothprotectthemarineenvironmentandpromoteresourceexploitationcreatesaninherentconflictofinterest.Environmentaladvocacygroupsargueforamoratoriumondeep-seamininguntilcomprehensivebaselineecologicalstudiescanbeconducted.41.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingarereasonsforthegrowinginterestindeep-seamining?A.Thedepletionofterrestrialmineralsources.B.Theneedformineralsusedingreenenergytechnologies.C.Theabundanceofrareearthmetalsonthedeepseabed.D.Thedecliningcostsofdeep-seaextractiontechnology.42.Whatmakesthedeep-seaenvironmentparticularlyvulnerabletominingactivities?A.Thepresenceofabundant,fast-reproducingspecies.B.Extremelyslowmetabolicandreproductivecycles.C.Thedevastatingimpactofsedimentplumesonfilterfeeders.D.Thehightemperaturevariationsindeep-seahabitats.43.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaccuratelyreflecttheissuessurroundingtheInternationalSeabedAuthority(ISA)?A.Ithasaclear,singularfocusonenvironmentalprotection.B.Itpossessesadualmandatethatcreatesaconflictofinterest.C.Itcurrentlylacksacomprehensiveframeworktomanagedeep-searesources.D.Itisheavilycriticizedbyenvironmentalgroupsforitspro-miningstance.44.Basedonthetext,whatarethepotentialsolutionsorproposedactionsmentionedregardingdeep-seamining?A.Imposingatemporarybanonextractionactivities.B.Developingfaster,moreefficientminingmachinery.C.Conductingcomprehensivebaselineecologicalstudies.D.Shiftingallmineralsourcingbacktoterrestrialenvironments.PartC:ShortAnswerQuestions(简答题)Directions:Readthetextaboutepigeneticsandanswerthefollowingquestionsusingcompletesentences.Epigeneticsisthestudyofhowbehaviorsandenvironmentcancausechangesthataffectthewayyourgeneswork.Unlikegeneticchanges,epigeneticchangesarereversibleanddonotchangeyourDNAsequence,buttheycanchangehowyourbodyreadsaDNAsequence.Geneexpressionreferstohowoftenorwhenproteinsarecreatedfromtheinstructionswithinyourgenes.Whilegeneticcodesarestatic,epigenetictagsactasadynamiclayerofregulation.OneofthemostcompellingexamplesofepigeneticsinvolvestheAgoutimouse.Thesemicepossessagenethatmakesthemyellow,obese,andpronetocancer.WhenpregnantAgoutimicearefedadietrichinmethyldonors—suchasfolicacidandvitaminB12—themethylgroupsattachtotheAgoutigene,effectivelyturningitoff.Theoffspringarebornbrown,lean,andhealthy.Thisdemonstrateshowmaternalnutritioncanpermanentlyaltertheoffspring'sgeneexpressionwithoutalteringtheunderlyinggeneticcode.Epigeneticchangesarenotconfinedtoprenataldevelopment;theyoccurthroughoutlife.Stress,diet,physicalactivity,andexposuretotoxinscanalladdorremoveepigenetictags.Furthermore,certainepigeneticchangescanbepasseddownthroughgenerations,aphenomenonknownastransgenerationalepigeneticinheritance.Forexample,studiessuggestthatthedescendantsofindividualswhoexperiencedseverefaminemayexhibitalteredmetabolicgeneexpression,predisposingthemtoobesitydespitehavingadequatenutrition.Understandingepigeneticsshiftsthenatureversusnurturedebate,provingthatenvironmentandbiologyareinextricablylinked.45.Whatisthefundamentaldifferencebetweenageneticchangeandanepigeneticchange?46.ExplaintheroleofmethyldonorsintheAgoutimouseexperiment.47.Besidesmaternalnutrition,whataretwootherfactorsmentionedthatcaninduceepigeneticchangesthroughoutaperson'slife?48.Whatdoesthephenomenonof"transgenerationalepigeneticinheritance"implyabouttheeffectsofseverefamine?49.Howdoesepigeneticsalterthetraditional"natureversusnurture"debate?PartD:ComprehensiveAnalysisandCalculation(综合分析与计算题)Directions:Readthefollowingtextonglobalcarbonemissionsandeconomicgrowth.Performtherequiredcalculationsandprovideacomprehensiveanalysisbasedonthedataandformulaprovided.UsestandardLaTeXforallmathematicalexpressions.Therelationshipbetweeneconomicgrowthandcarbonemissionshasbeenacentraltopicinenvironmentaleconomics.Traditionally,economicgrowth(measuredbyGDP)wasinextricablylinkedtorisingcarbonemissions.However,theconceptof"decoupling"suggeststhatitispossibleforGDPtogrowwhilecarbonemissionsdecline.Thetablebelowpresentsthedatafortwohypotheticalcountries,CountryAandCountryB,overafive-yearperiod.YearGDP(TrillionUSD)CarbonEmissions(Gt)201810.05.0201910.45.120209.84.8202110.55.0202211.04.9(Note:ThisdataappliestobothCountryAandCountryB,buttheirinterpretationsdifferbasedonpolicycontextsprovidedbelow.)CountryAimplementedamassivegreenenergytransitionin2019,replacingcoalwithrenewableenergy.CountryBexperiencedasevereeconomicrecessionin2020duetoindustrialstrikes,whichtemporarilyhaltedproduction,butresumedfossil-fuel-basedindustrialgrowthin2021.Thedecouplingindex(D)canbecalculatedusingtheformula:DWhereΔEisthechangeinemissions,ΔGDPisthechangeinGDP,50.Calculatethedecouplingindex(D)fortheperiodof2018to2022usingtheprovidedformula.Showallstepsofyourcalculation.51.BasedonthecalculatedDvalue,determineifabsolutedecoupling,relativedecoupling,ornodecouplingoccurredbetween2018and2022.Defineyourterms.52.AnalyzethespecificcontextofCountryBbetween2019and2020.Didtruedecouplingoccurinthisperiod?Justifyyouranswerusingboththedataandtheprovidedcontext.53.Contrasttheeconomic-environmentalpathwaysofCountryAandCountryB.Whichcountryrepresentsamoresustainablemodelforlong-termglobalenvironmentalhealth,andwhy?SectionIV:TranslationPartA:EnglishtoChinese(英译汉)Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.54.Therapidproliferationofautonomousvehicles(AVs)promisestorevolutionizeurbantransportation,yetitsimultaneouslyintroducesunprecedentedethicaldilemmas.ThealgorithmsgoverningAVsmustbeprogrammedtomakesplit-seconddecisionsinunavoidablecollisionscenarios.Determiningwhosesafetyshouldbeprioritized—thevehicle'soccupants,pedestrians,orotherdrivers—cannotbeleftsolelytocorporateengineers.Thisnecessitatesarobustregulatoryframeworkthatreflectssocietalvalues,ensuringthatthedeploymentofautonomoustechnologydoesnotcomeattheexpenseofpublicsafetyormoralaccountability.55.Biodiversitylossisnolongermerelyanenvironmentalissue;itisasystemiceconomicrisk.Thecollapseofentireecosystemsthreatensthesupplychainsthatglobalindustriesrelyuponforrawmaterials.Frompharmaceuticalsderivedfromrareplantspeciestoagriculturalpollinationservicesprovidedbyinsects,theinvisiblewebofbiologicalassetsunderpinshumanprosperity.Consequently,financialinstitutionsarebeginningtointegrateecologicalmetricsintotheirriskassessmentmodels,recognizingthatnature-depletedeconomiesareinherentlyfragileandunsustainable.PartB:ChinesetoEnglish(汉译英)Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.56.中华优秀传统文化是中华民族的精神命脉，是涵养社会主义核心价值观的重要源泉。在现代化进程中，我们必须坚持创造性转化和创新性发展，使传统文化与当代文化相适应、与现代社会相协调。只有深入挖掘传统文化中的时代价值，才能在全球文化激荡中站稳脚跟，向世界展现可信、可爱、可敬的中国形象。57.面对全球气候变化的严峻挑战，中国已郑重承诺力争在2030年前实现碳达峰，并在2060年前实现碳中和。这一战略决策不仅彰显了中国作为负责任大国的担当，也标志着中国经济将全面向绿色低碳转型。为实现这一宏伟目标，必须加快构建清洁低碳安全高效的能源体系，推动产业结构深度调整，同时倡导全社会践行绿色低碳的生活方式。SectionV:WritingPartA:PracticalWriting(应用文写作)Directions:Youareaprofessorofeconomics.Writeaformallettertotheeditorofamajoracademicjournaltocomplainabouttheunusuallylongdelayinthereviewprocessofyoursubmittedmanuscript.Youshouldstateyoursubmissiondate,themanuscripttitle,andpolitelyrequestanexpeditedrevieworanexplanationforthedelay.Requirements:About150words.Standardformalletterformat.PartB:ArgumentativeEssay(议论文写作)Directions:Writeanessayonthefollowingtopic:"Thewidespreadadoptionofremoteworkhasfundamentallyalteredthesocialfabricofmodernsociety,doingmoreharmthangoodtocommunitycohesionandindividualmentalhealth."Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?Requirements:Atleast250words.Providecleararguments,supportedbyrelevantexamplesorevidence.Usecorrectgrammarandvariedvocabulary.***答案及高分策略详解SectionI:ListeningComprehensionPartA:TrueorFalse1.False.Thelecturestatesthaturbanheatislandsareprimarilycausedbythereplacementofnaturalvegetationwithimpermeablesurfaceslikeasphaltandconcrete,whichabsorbandretainheat,notjustairconditioning.2.True.Thetextexplainsthatasphaltandconcretehavedifferentthermalpropertiesthannaturalvegetation,absorbingmoresolarradiation.3.False.Urbancanyons(narrowstreetsflankedbytallbuildings)trapheatandreduceairflow,whichactuallyincreasesthelocaltemperatureratherthanreducingit.4.True.Therisingwarmairovertheurbanheatislandcreatesconvectioncurrents,leadingtoincreasedcloudcoverandprecipitationdownwind.5.False.Thelectureexplicitlymentionsthatimplementinggreenroofsandurbanforestryareeffectivestrategiesinmitigatingtheurbanheatislandeffectbyprovidingshadeandevapotranspiration.PartB:GapFelligence8puting9.datasets10.biasPartC:MultipleChoice11.B.Thehostintroducesthetopicbymentioningthefascinatingsymbioticrelationshipbetweenantsandacaciatrees.12.A.ThebiologistexplainsthattheacaciatreeprovidestheantswithshelterinitshollowthornsandspecializedfoodstructurescalledBeltianbodies.13.B.Whenanherbivoredisturbsthetree,theantsaggressivelyswarmoutandbitetheherbivore,defendingtheirhost.14.C.Theremovalexperimentwasmentionedtoillustrate"obligatemutualism"—thetreewillbeeatenanddiewithouttheants,provingtheycannotsurviveindependently.15.A.Thebiologistnotesthatbecausetherelationshipissohighlyspecialized,deforestationthatremovesacaciatreesdirectlythreatensthesurvivalofthespecificantspecies.高分策略：听力部分听力部分的高分核心在于预判与速记。在PartA判断正误题中，考生应利用播放前的间隙快速划出句子主干，预测可能讨论的逻辑关系。对于听力填空题，务必注意名词单复数与动词时态。多项选择题则需重点关注转折词，因为答案往往在转折之后出现。SectionII:UseofEnglishPartA:ClozeTest16.A.manifestations."Clinicalmanifestations"isafixedmedicalcollocationmeaningtheclinicalsymptomsorsignsofadisease.B(complications)andC(consequences)aretoobroad;D(diagnoses)isincorrectbecausecognitivereservemaskssymptoms,notthediagnosisitself.17.B.delay.Thecontextindicatesthatthebufferallowspatientstoputofforpostponecognitivedecline."Prevent"istooabsolute;"reverse"and"accelerate"areincorrectbasedonthetext.18.A.determined.Whilebrainvolumeplaysarole,cognitivereserveislargely"determined"(决定)bynetworkefficiency.19.C.vastly.Twopeoplewiththesamephysicaldamagecanshow"vastlydifferent"(极大不同)symptoms."Slightly"and"marginally"contradicttheconcept;"narrowly"isincorrectcollocation.20.B.underlying.Thereservemasksthe"underlying"(潜在的/根本的)physicalbrainimpairment.21.A.buildup.Thetextdiscussesactivitiesthat"buildup"(建立/增强)cognitivereserve."Breakdown"and"wipeout"arenegative;"holdback"impliessuppression,notenhancement.22.C.inadvertently.Theseactivitiesaren'tdesignedspecificallytobuildbrainnetworks;ithappensasasideeffectofcomplexprocessing,hence"inadvertently"(不经意地/附带地)forcesthebraintoadapt.23.B.defensive.Lifelonglearningactsasa"defensive"(防御性的)strategyagainstgeneticpredispositionstodiseases.24.B.shield."Shielditselfagainst"(保护...免受)isastandardformalcollocationforbiologicalresilience.25.A.health.Thetrajectoryofneurological"health"(健康)contrastswithbiologicalaging,summarizingthepassage'stheme.PartB:WordFormation26.diversity.Cropdiversityreferstothevarietyofplantspeciesinagriculture.Nounrequired.27.efficient."Highly"modifiesanadjective."Efficient"describestheproductivenatureofmonoculture.28.loss.Thetextimpliesthattraditionalknowledgeisdisappearing."Eradication"isanoun,butthecontextofcompoundissuesrequires"loss"(though"loss"isanoun,hereweneedanounformrelatedtolosingknowledge;wait,"loss"fitsperfectly).Alternatively,"loss".Let'sre-read:The(28)___(eradicate)oftraditionalfarmingknowledge...Thenounformoferadicateis"eradication".29.sustainable.Indigenouscommunitiespractice"sustainable"(可持续的)agriculture.Adjectivemodifyingagriculture.30.prioritization.The"prioritization"(优先考虑)ofyieldoverecologicalbalance.Nounrequired.31.locally."Locallyadapted"meansadaptedtothelocalenvironment.Adverbmodifying"adapted".32.resistance.Anatural"resistance"(抵抗力)toclimaticextremes.Nounanic."Organicfarming"isastandardtermforfarmingwithoutsyntheticchemicals.Adjectiverequired.34.transformation.The"transformation"(转型/变革)ofourfoodsystems.Nounrequired.35.ecological."Ecologicalintegrity"(生态完整性).Adjectivemodifyingintegrity.高分策略：英语知识运用完形填空的高分解题策略在于上下文连贯性与词汇辨析。切忌孤立地看待单句，必须利用代词指代、逻辑连词和复现结构来解题。词性转换部分要仔细判断空格所需的词性，通常修饰名词用形容词，修饰动词用副词，并注意常见的前缀和后缀构词法。SectionIII:ReadingComprehensionPartA:SingleChoice36.C.Thefirstparagraphexplicitlystates:"Unliketraditionalcomputingdevices,whichrequireexplicituserinteractiontotransmitdata,smarthomedevicesoperatecontinuouslyinthebackground..."37.C.Theauthorstates,"Whilecompaniesclaimthisdataisanonymized,researchershavedemonstratedthatbehavioralpatternscanbereverse-engineeredtoidentifyspecifichouseholdsandindividuals."Thisimpliestheanonymizationdoesnotfullyprotectidentities.38.B.Inthecontextofthepassage,"ambientdata"referstothedatacollectedcontinuouslyinthebackgroundoftheeverydayenvironmentbyIoTdevices.39.C.Thelastparagraphmentions:"However,implementingedgecomputingrequiresmoresophisticatedhardware,increasingthecostofsmartdevices—atrade-offmanufacturersarereluctanttomake..."40.C.ThepassagehighlightstheprivacyrisksofIoTdevicesinthefirsttwoparagraphsandsuggestsedgecomputingasasolutioninthefinalparagraph.PartB:MultipleChoice41.A,B.Thepassagementionsterrestrialsourcesaredeple