2024秋新教材人教版九年级上册英语Unit 2 Inspiring People语法知识讲义

第第页2024秋新教材人教版九年级上册英语Unit2InspiringPeople语法知识讲义📖单元主题：鼓舞人心的人物——学习古今中外榜样人物，掌握It作形式主语的三种句型&定语从句初步一、重点单词English中文拓展/变形inspiring鼓舞人心的；激励的inspirev.→inspirationn.鼓舞人心的人/灵感admire钦佩；赞赏admiresb.forsth.因某事钦佩某人；admirationn.historian历史学家historyn.→historiann.（研究历史的人）researcher研究人员researchn./v.研究→researchern.chemist化学家chemistryn.→chemistn.physicist物理学家physicsn.→physicistn.hunger饥饿hungryadj.→hungern.；dieofhunger饿死calendar日历checkthecalendar查看日历discovery发现discoverv.→discoveryn.（复数discoveries）century世纪the21stcentury二十一世纪wounded受伤的；负伤的woundv./n.受伤/伤口；thewounded伤员（复数）nation国家；民族nationaladj.国家的；theChinesenation中华民族spread传播；散布spread-spread-spread（不规则！）disease疾病preventadisease预防疾病pioneer先驱；先锋thepioneerof...……的先驱balance平衡keepabalancebetween...and...在……之间保持平衡courage勇气；勇敢encouragev.鼓励；takecourage鼓起勇气wisdom智慧；学问wiseadj.→wisdomn.（拼写变化！）brave勇敢的bravethecold勇敢面对严寒（作动词）；braveryn.necessary必要的；必需的ifnecessary如果有必要western西方的；西部的Westerncountries西方国家scientific科学（上）的sciencen.→scientistn.→scientificadj.biologist生物学家biologyn.生物学→biologistn.whole所有的；完全的thewholeday一整天=alldayforever永远disappearforever永远消失radio无线电；收音机ontheradio通过收音机；listentotheradiocollection收集物；收藏品collectv.→collectionn.；stampcollection集邮exploration探索explorev.→explorationn.universe宇宙theuniverse宇宙inventor发明家inventv.→inventionn.→inventorn.whether是否whether...ornot是否（与ornot连用必用whether）kindness善良kindadj.→kindnessn.；outofkindness出于善意二、词汇变形汇总inspirev.鼓舞→inspiringadj.（物）鼓舞人心的→inspiredadj.（人）受鼓舞的admirev.钦佩→admirationn.钦佩；admirableadj.令人钦佩的historyn.历史→historiann.历史学家→historicaladj.历史的researchn./v.研究→researchern.研究人员chemistryn.化学→chemistn.化学家→chemicaladj.化学的physicsn.物理→physicistn.物理学家→physicaladj.物理的hungern.饥饿→hungryadj.饥饿的discoverv.发现→discoveryn.（复数discoveries）woundv./n.使受伤/伤口→woundedadj.受伤的nationn.国家→nationaladj.国家的→internationallyadv.spreadv./n.传播→spread-spread-spread（不变形！）couragen.勇气→encouragev.鼓励→encouragementn.wiseadj.明智的→wisdomn.智慧（拼写变化！）→wiselyadv.braveadj.勇敢的→braveryn.勇敢→bravelyadv.sciencen.科学→scientistn.科学家→scientificadj.biologyn.生物学→biologistn.生物学家→biologicaladj.inventv.发明→inventionn.→inventorn.发明家explorev.探索→explorationn.→explorern.探险家kindadj.善良的→kindnessn.善良succeedv.成功→successn.→successfuladj.三、重点短语lookuptosb.钦佩；仰慕（to是介词）akindof一种eventhough=evenif即使；虽然dropout(of)辍学；不再参加atthattime在那时walkinspace太空行走；出舱活动befullof充满=befilledwithcometrue实现（梦想等，不及物）careabout关心；在乎getachancetodosth.得到机会做某事runaway逃跑succeedindoingsth.成功做某事leavebehind留下；遗留liveon继续存在；流传下去hundredsof数以百计的beknownfor因……而闻名aboveall最重要的是；尤其是makesure确保；务必allkindsof各种各样的morethan多于；不止=overtheWesternRegions西域theSilkRoad丝绸之路theWarringStatesPeriod战国时期spend...doingsth.花费……做某事oneofthe+最高级+复数名词最……之一inorderto为了（后接动词原形）between...and...在……和……之间theUnitedNations(UN)联合国四、重点句型★Itwasverycreativeofhimtodesignit.→他能设计出它，真是太有创意了。（Itis+adj.+ofsb.+todo）★Itwasverydifficultforhimtobravethecoldweatherandgreatheights.→对他而言，直面严寒与高海拔是一件无比艰难的事。（Itis+adj.+forsb.+todo）★Tome,oneofthemostinspiringpeopleinChinesehistoryisMozi.→对我而言，中国历史上最鼓舞人心的人物之一是墨子。★Theymakesurethatimportantplantsdonotdisappearfromtheworldforever.→他们确保重要的植物不会从世界上永远消失。（that引导宾语从句）★ItissaidthatMoziwasasoldier,goodatwoodworkandwastheinventorofthekite.→据说墨子曾是一名军人，擅长木工，还是风筝的发明者。（主语从句）★HisideaoflovewasonereasonthatMoziwantedpeace.→他的仁爱思想是墨子追求和平的一个原因。（定语从句，that修饰reason）★Hehadspenthiswholeliferesearchingplantsandseeds.→他花费毕生精力研究植物和种子。（spend...doing）★Shesucceededinovercomingallthedifficulties.→她成功克服了所有困难。（succeedindoing）五、语法知识📌It作形式主语的三种句型&定语从句初步&主语从句【一、Itis+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.（评价人的品质）】◆形容词描述"人"的品格：kind,nice,brave,clever,creative,wise,careful,rudeItwasverycreativeofhimtodesignit.（他能设计它，真有创意）It'sreallyniceofhimtosupportme.（他支持我，太好了）⚠️口诀：夸人品，用of【二、Itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.（评价事情本身）】◆形容词描述"事"的难易/重要性：difficult,easy,important,necessary,hardItwasverydifficultforhimtobravethecold.（直面严寒对他很难）It'seasyforustolearnEnglishwell.（学好英语对我们来说很容易）⚠️口诀：说事情，用for【三、Itissaid/known/believedthat...（主语从句）】◆结构：It(形式主语)+be+过去分词+that从句(真正主语)ItissaidthatMoziwasasoldier.（据说墨子曾是一名军人）Itisknownthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.（众所周知地球绕太阳转）⚠️区别：宾语从句在动词后面（Ithinkthat...）；主语从句句首用It占位【四、定语从句初步】◆概念：用一个句子修饰名词（先行词），相当于"……的"◆that/who/which引导：紧跟先行词后面ThisisthebookthatIboughtyesterday.（这就是我昨天买的书）Heisthemanwhohelpedme.（他就是帮助我的那个人）Mozartisacomposerwhosemusictouchesmanyhearts.（莫扎特是位作曲家，他的音乐打动了许多人）◆⚠️判断口诀：动词后that→宾从；名词后that→定从；It占位that在后→主从【五、spend/take/cost/pay花费辨析】spend：人作主语→sb.spend+时间/金钱+onsth./(in)doingsth.take：it作主语→Ittakessb.+时间+todosth.cost：物作主语→sth.costsb.+金钱pay：人作主语→sb.pay+金钱+forsth.例句对比：IspendtwohourslearningEnglisheveryday.=IttakesmetwohourstolearnEnglisheveryday.【六、hundredsofvs具体数字+hundred】◆hundredsof+复数名词→模糊数字"数百的"（hundred加s，加of）Hundredsofpeoplecametotheshow.（数百人来看展览）◆具体数字+hundred→确切数字"……百"（hundred不加s，不加of）fivehundredstudents（五百名学生）⚠️类似用法的词：thousand,million,billion巩固练习一、单词/短语填空1.Itisimportantforus______(learn)Englishwell.2.Itissaidthathe______(be)agreatscientist.3.Theman______(who)helpedmeyesterdayismyneighbor.4.Ittookmetwohours______(do)myhomeworkyesterday.5.Thisbook______(cost)me50yuan.二、单项选择1.______isverykindofyoutohelpme.A.ThisB.ThatC.It2.It'snoteasy______aforeignlanguagewell.A.learnB.tolearnC.learning3.Itissaid______hewillcometomorrow.A.thatB.whatC.if4.Theboy______isstandingthereismybrother.A.whichB.whoC.whom5.I______twohoursonmyhomeworklastnight.A.spentB.tookC.cost6.