四川省四川全国英语等级考试（PETS）复习试题及答案高分策略(全新版)第五级(2026年上半年)

四川省四川全国英语等级考试（PETS）复习试题及答案高分策略(全新版)第五级(2026年上半年)SectionIListeningComprehensionPartAYouwillhearaconversationbetweenajournalistandamarinebiologist.Choosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion.1.WhatistheprimaryfocusofDr.Aris’scurrentresearch?A.Theimpactofplasticpollutiononcoralreefs.B.Thebehavioralchangesindeep-seamarinelife.C.Thecognitiveabilitiesofoctopuses.D.Themigratorypatternsofbluewhales.2.AccordingtoDr.Aris,whyareoctopusesconsidereduniqueamonginvertebrates?A.Theyhavealongerlifespanthanotherinvertebrates.B.Theyexhibitproblem-solvingskillsandusetools.C.Theycanregeneratelostlimbsfasterthanotherspecies.D.Theyrelyheavilyonvisualcommunication.3.WhatmethoddoesDr.Aris’steamusetoobserveoctopusesintheirnaturalhabitat?A.Mannedsubmersibleswithbrightlights.B.Acoustictrackingdevicesattachedtotheshells.C.Remotelyoperatedvehicleswithminimallighting.D.Underwatercageswithremotecameras.4.Whatunexpectedbehaviordidtheteamobserveduringtherecentexpedition?A.Octopuseshuntingcooperativelyingroups.B.Octopusesbuildingsheltersoutofcoconutshells.C.Octopuseschangingcolortomimictoxicfish.D.Octopusescommunicatingthroughbioluminescence.5.Whatisthejournalist’sfinalquestionmainlyabout?A.Thepotentialapplicationofthisresearchinrobotics.B.Theimpactofclimatechangeonoctopushabitats.C.Thefundingrequiredforfuturemarineexpeditions.D.Theethicalconcernsofkeepingoctopusesincaptivity.PartBYouwillhearamonologueaboutthehistoryofurbanplanning.CompletethefollowingsentenceswithNOMORETHANTHREEWORDS.6.Theconceptofthe"GardenCity"wasoriginallyproposedtocombattheseverepollutioncausedby__________.7.EbenezerHowardenvisionedcitiesthatweresurroundedby__________toprovidelocalfood.8.Thedesignofcontemporaryeco-citiesheavilyreliesontheintegrationof__________intourbaninfrastructure.9.Oneofthemainchallengesinretrofittingoldercitiesisthelackof__________forgreenspaces.10.Thespeakerconcludesthatfutureurbanplanningmustprioritize__________overaestheticappeal.SectionIIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordforeachblank.Theconceptof"deepwork,"coinedbycomputerscienceprofessorCalNewport,hasgainedsignificant(11)________inrecentyears.Itreferstotheabilitytofocuswithout(12)________onacognitivelydemandingtask.Inaneradominatedbydigital(13)________,wherenotificationsandemailsconstantlyfractureourattention,thecapacityfordeepworkhasbecomeincreasingly(14)________.Newportarguesthattothriveintheneweconomy,onemustmastertheartof(15)________focus.Shallowwork,consistingoflogisticalandadministrativetasks,is(16)________toautomateanddoesnotcreatemuchnewvalue.(17)________,deepworkcreatesnewvalueandimprovesskills.However,engagingindeepworkisnotmerelyamatterofwillpower;itrequires(18)________trainingofthebrain.Thebrain's(19)________todistractionisstrong,and(20)________thehabitofconstantcheckingcanbechallenging.Furthermore,themodernworkplaceoften(21)________acultureofimmediateresponsiveness.Employeesarefrequently(22)________ontheiravailabilitytoansweremailswithinminutes.This(23)________ofcommunicationcreatesafalsesenseof(24)________butseverelyundermineslong-termproductivity.Tocultivateadeepworkhabit,Newportsuggestsseveralstrategies,suchasschedulingspecificblocksof(25)________timeandtreatingthemwiththeutmostrespect.Anotherstrategyinvolvesembracing(26)________,thepracticeofoccasionallydisconnectingfromdigital(27)________entirely.Bydoingso,individualscan(28)________theirattentionspanandreducethecognitive(29)________associatedwithmultitasking.Ultimately,theabilitytoperformdeepworkisaskillthat(30)________profoundbenefitsinbothprofessionalandpersonalspheres.11.A.tractionB.fractionC.actionD.reaction12.A.distractionB.attractionC.contractionD.extraction13.A.interruptionsB.intersectionsC.interactionsD.integrations14.A.rareB.ubiquitousC.obsoleteD.redundant15.A.intenseB.intensiveC.intentD.intensive16.A.easyB.hardC.difficultD.impossible17.A.IncontrastB.ByaccidentC.InadditionD.Asaresult18.A.deliberateB.delicateC.democraticD.derivative19.A.addictionB.adherenceC.resistanceD.tendency20.A.breakingB.makingC.takingD.shaking21.A.promotesB.demotesC.devotesD.votes22.A.judgedB.judgingC.tojudgeD.judge23.A.modeB.moodC.modelD.module24.A.productivityB.creativityC.activityD.sensitivity25.A.uninterruptedB.interruptingC.interruptedD.interrupt26.A.boredomB.solitudeC.excitementD.entertainment27.A.devicesB.advicesC.servicesD.offices28.A.shortenB.lengthenC.strengthenD.deepen29.A.fatigueB.energyC.vigorD.power30.A.yieldsB.seedsC.growsD.plantsSectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingtextsandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Text1Thephenomenonof"plantblindness,"atermcoinedbybotanistsElisabethSchusslerandJamesWanderseein1998,referstothehumantendencytofailtonoticeorrecognizeplantsinone'sownenvironment.Thiscognitivebiasresultsinadisproportionatepreferenceforfaunaoverflora;peoplearesignificantlymorelikelytonoticeandrememberanimalsthanplants.Theimplicationsofthisblindnessarefar-reaching,extendingbeyondmereaestheticignorancetoaffectconservationfunding,scientificresearchpriorities,andevenourunderstandingoffundamentalecologicalsystems.Therootcausesofplantblindnessaremultifaceted.Evolutionarypsychologysuggeststhatearlyhumansneededtobeacutelyawareofanimals,bothaspotentialpredatorsandassourcesoffood,whereasplantsweremerelyastaticbackdrop.Furthermore,thehumanvisualsystemishardwiredtodetectmovementandcontrast.Plants,beingsessileorganisms,generallylackthedynamicmovementthatcapturesourattention,unlessprovokedbyasuddenbreeze.Educationalsystemsalsobearasignificantportionoftheblame.Biologycurricula,fromprimaryschoolstouniversities,overwhelminglycenteronanimalandhumanbiology,relegatingplantsciencetoaminor,oftenoptional,componentofthesyllabus.Theconsequencesofplantblindnessareparticularlysevereinthecontextofconservation.Becauseplantsconstituteapproximately57%oftheendangeredspecieslistintheUnitedStates,theytheoreticallyshouldreceiveaproportionalshareofconservationfunding.However,statisticsrevealthattheyreceivelessthan4%ofthefederalendangeredspeciesbudget.Thisdisparityismirroredinphilanthropicdonations,wherecharismaticmegafaunalikepandasandtigerseasilysecuremillionsinfunding,whilethepreservationofcriticallyendangeredflorastrugglestoattractevenafractionofthatamount.Thisskeweddistributionofresourcesthreatenstocreateatrophiccascade,asthelossoffoundationalplantspeciesinevitablyleadstothecollapseoftheecosystemsthatdependonthem.Addressingplantblindnessrequiresaparadigmshiftinhowweinteractwithandeducateaboutthenaturalworld.Botanistsadvocateforincreased"plantawareness"throughactivitiesthatrequiredirectinteractionwithflora,suchasurbangardeningandplantidentificationcourses.Furthermore,integratingplantbiologyintomainstreamenvironmentalnarratives,ratherthantreatingitasaspecializedsubfield,iscrucial.Ifwecannotseetheplants,wecannotsavethem,andbyextension,wecannotsavetheecosystemsthatsustainhumanlife.31.Accordingtothetext,"plantblindness"primarilymanifestsas:A.Aninabilitytodistinguishbetweendifferentplantspecies.B.Apreferenceforstudyinganimalsratherthanplantsinacademicsettings.C.Acognitivefailuretonoticeplants,favoringanimalsinstead.D.Adeliberateneglectofplantconservationinenvironmentalpolicies.32.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcitedasacauseofplantblindness?A.Humanevolutionaryhistory.B.Thestaticnatureofplants.C.Underrepresentationinbiologycurricula.D.Lackoffundingforbotanicalgardens.33.Thestatisticsinthethirdparagraphareusedtoillustrate:A.Thesheernumberofendangeredplantspecies.B.Thedisparitybetweentheconservationneedsofplantsandthefundingtheyreceive.C.Theeffectivenessoffederalendangeredspeciesprograms.D.Thepopularityofcharismaticmegafaunainconservationcampaigns.34.Theterm"trophiccascade"inthecontextofthepassagemostlikelyrefersto:A.Theextinctionofmultipleanimalspeciesatonce.B.Therippleeffectofplantlossthroughouttheecosystem.C.Thesuddengrowthofinvasiveplantspecies.D.Theuncontrolledspreadofanimaldiseases.35.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Tocriticizethegovernment'sallocationofconservationfunds.B.Toexplaintheconcept,causes,andconsequencesofplantblindness.C.Toadvocatefortheprohibitionofkeepinganimalsincaptivity.D.Topromoteanewscientificmethodologyinbotanicalresearch.Text2Theconceptof"universalbasicincome"(UBI)hastransitionedfromafringeeconomictheorytoamainstreamsubjectofdebate.Atitscore,UBIisaperiodiccashpaymentdeliveredtoallcitizensonanunconditionalbasis,regardlessofincomeleveloremploymentstatus.ProponentsarguethatUBIisanecessaryevolutionofthewelfarestate,designedtoaddressthesystemicvulnerabilitiesofmoderneconomies,particularlyinthefaceofautomationandthegigeconomy.Byprovidingafinancialfloor,UBIisintendedtoalleviatepoverty,reducebureaucracyassociatedwithmeans-testedwelfareprograms,andgrantindividualsthefreedomtopursueeducation,caregiving,orentrepreneurialendeavorswithouttheimmediatepressureofstarvation.However,theimplementationofUBIisfraughtwithlogisticalandeconomicchallenges.Themostprominentcriticismrevolvesarounditscost.FinancingameaningfulUBI—oftendefinedasanamountequivalenttothepovertyline—wouldrequireunprecedentedlevelsofgovernmentexpenditure.Economistswarnthatthiscouldnecessitatesubstantialincreasesinincometax,value-addedtax,ortheintroductionofnewwealthtaxes,whichmightstifleeconomicgrowthandincentivizecapitalflight.Furthermore,criticsarguethatanunconditionalincomemightdisincentivizework,leadingtoacontractionofthelaborforceandasubsequentdeclineinnationalproductivity.Thislaborshortagecouldironicallyresultininflation,erodingthepurchasingpoweroftheUBIitself.Beyondthemacroeconomicconcernsliesaphilosophicaldebateregardingthenatureofworkandsocietalcontribution.OpponentsofUBIoftengroundtheirargumentsintheProtestantworkethic,positingthatlaborisintrinsicallytiedtohumandignityandsocialcohesion.Unlinkingincomefromemployment,theyargue,couldleadtowidespreadalienationandalossofpurpose.Conversely,advocatescontendthatthemoderncorrelationbetweenwagelaborandhumandignityisanartificialconstruct.Theyarguethatautomationwillinevitablyrenderasignificantportionofroutinelaborobsolete,necessitatingadecouplingofsurvivalfromemployment.TheempiricalevidenceregardingUBIremainsinconclusive,largelybecausepastpilotprogramshavebeenlimitedinbothscaleandduration.WhilesomelocalizedexperimentsinFinlandandCanadareportedincreasedwell-beingandslightreductionsinstresslevelsamongrecipients,theyfailedtoprovidedefinitiveanswersregardinglong-termmacroeconomiceffectsorlabormarketdynamics.Consequently,thedebateoftendevolvesintoabattleoftheoreticalprojectionsratherthanempiricalcertainties.Untilalarge-scale,sustainedUBItrialisconducted,itsultimateviabilityasareplacementfortraditionalwelfareremainsahypothesis.Thefutureofsocialpolicymaywellhingeonwhethersocietyiswillingtotakethesubstantialfinancialriskrequiredtotestthathypothesis.36.Accordingtothepassage,adefiningcharacteristicofUBIisthatitis:A.Grantedonlytothosebelowthepovertyline.B.Conditionalontherecipientactivelyseekingemployment.C.Providedtoallcitizenswithoutanyprerequisites.D.Financedentirelybycorporatetaxation.37.OneoftheprimaryargumentsinfavorofUBIisitspotentialto:A.Increasethebureaucraticefficiencyofthegovernment.B.Compensatefortheeconomicdisruptionscausedbyautomation.C.Stimulaterapidindustrialexpansion.D.Replacetheneedforhighereducation.38.WhatisamajoreconomicconcernraisedbycriticsofUBI?A.Itwillcauseanimmediateanduncontrollabledeflationaryspiral.B.Itmightleadtolaborshortagesandsubsequentinflation.C.Itwilleliminatetheneedforthegigeconomy.D.Itwillresultinamassivesurplusofgovernmentrevenue.39.ThephilosophicaldebatesurroundingUBIprimarilycenterson:A.Thelogisticaldifficultiesofdistributingfundsequitably.B.Thepotentialforcorruptioningovernmentwelfareprograms.C.Therelationshipbetweenemploymentandhumandignity.D.TheimpactofUBIoninternationaltraderelations.40.WhydoestheauthorconsidertheempiricalevidenceforUBItobeinconclusive?A.Becauseprevioustrialswerefundedbybiasedpoliticalorganizations.B.Becausethetrialsweretoosmallinscaleanddurationtoassesslong-termeffects.C.Becauserecipientsinprevioustrialsrefusedtoparticipatemeaningfully.D.Becausethedatawaslostduetopoorrecord-keeping.PartBInthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.Choosethesentencethatbestfitseachoftheblanks.Thehistoryofcryptographyisfundamentallyastoryofanarmsracebetweencodemakersandcodebreakers.(41)________.Thistensionhasdriventheevolutionofmathematicsandcomputerscienceforcenturies,pushingtheboundariesofwhatiscomputationallypossible.Historically,theabilitytosecurelytransmitinformationwasaconcernreservedforthemilitaryandthestate,buttheadventofthedigitalagedemocratizedtheneedforencryption.Theearliestknowncryptographictechniqueswererudimentarybymodernstandards.TheCaesarcipher,forinstance,simplyshiftedeachletterinthealphabetbyafixednumberofspaces.(42)________.Thisrelianceonthesecrecyofthealgorithmratherthanthekeywasafundamentalflawinearlycryptographicsystems.Theparadigmshifteddramaticallyinthe19thcenturywithKerckhoffs'sprinciple,whichstatedthatacryptosystemshouldbesecureevenifeverythingaboutthesystem,exceptthekey,ispublicknowledge.Thisprinciplelaidthegroundworkformoderncryptography,acknowledgingthatkeepinganalgorithmsecretispracticallyimpossibleinthelongterm.(43)________.Thismeantthatpartiescouldcommunicatesecurelyoverinsecurechannelswithouthavingmetbeforehandtoexchangesecretkeys,arevolutionaryconceptthatenabledsecuree-commerceanddigitalcommunication.Today,westandontheprecipiceofanotherquantumleapinthisarmsrace:thedevelopmentofquantumcomputers.Whileclassicalcomputersprocessinformationinbitsrepresentingeither0or1,quantumcomputersusequbits,whichcanexistinmultiplestatessimultaneously.(44)________.Ifsuccessfullydeveloped,quantumcomputerscouldbreakcurrentpublic-keycryptographyinamatterofseconds,renderingmoderndigitalsecurityobsolete.Inresponsetothisexistentialthreat,thefieldofpost-quantumcryptographyhasemerged.Cryptographersareracingtodevelopnewalgorithmsthatrelyonmathematicalproblemsthatremaindifficultevenforquantummachinestosolve.(45)________.Justastheclassicalarmsracedrovethedevelopmentofmoderncomputing,thequantumarmsracewillinevitablyshapethefutureofinformationsecurityforthecomingcentury.A.Thiscomputationalpowerposesadirectthreattothecryptographicalgorithmscurrentlysafeguardingglobalfinancialsystemsandprivatecommunications.B.Thistransitionledtothecreationofasymmetricencryption,utilizingapublickeyforencryptionandaprivatekeyfordecryption.C.Everytimeanewmethodofencodinginformationisdevised,adversariesimmediatelybeginthequesttodecipherit.D.Thesenext-generationcryptographicstandardsarecurrentlybeingevaluatedandstandardizedbyorganizationsworldwidetoensuretheyarerobustagainstbothclassicalandquantumattacks.E.However,aslongasthenumberofshiftsremainedsecret,themessagewasconsideredadequatelyprotectedforancientmilitarycommunications.F.Theintroductionoftheseprincipleseffectivelyendedthehistoricalneedforphysicalcodebooksandsecurediplomaticpouches.SectionIVWritingReadthefollowingpromptandwriteanessayofapproximately250words.Theriseofthe"gigeconomy,"characterizedbyshort-termcontracts,freelancework,andplatform-basedemployment(e.g.,ride-sharing,fooddelivery),hasfundamentallyalteredthetraditionalemployer-employeerelationship.Whileproponentsarguethatthismodeloffersunprecedentedflexibilityandautonomyforworkers,criticscontendthatitleadstoeconomicprecarity,alackofsocialsafetynets,andtheerosionoflaborrights.Writeanessaydiscussingtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthegigeconomy.Provideyouropiniononwhethersocietyshouldembracethisshiftorimplementstrongerregulationstoprotectgigworkers.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.AnswerKeyandHigh-ScoreStrategiesSectionIListeningComprehensionTranscriptandAnswersPartAJournalist:Dr.Aris,thankyouforjoiningustoday.Yourteam'srecentexpeditionfocusedonthedeep-seaenvironment.Couldyouclarifytheprimaryfocusofyourcurrentresearch?Dr.Aris:Certainly.Whileplasticpollutionandwhalemigrationarevitalareasofstudy,ourprimaryfocusrightnowisthecognitiveabilitiesofoctopuses,specificallyhowtheysolveproblemsintheirnaturalhabitatratherthaninlaboratorysettings.Journalist:Whyoctopuses?Whatmakesthemstandoutamonginvertebrates?Dr.Aris:Theyarequiteunique.Unlikemostinvertebrates,theyexhibitremarkableproblem-solvingskillsandhaveevenbeenobservedusingtools,whichchallengesourtraditionalunderstandingofintelligence.Journalist:That'sfascinating.Howexactlydoyouobservethemwithoutinterferingwiththeirnaturalbehavior?Mannedsubmersiblescanbequiteintrusive.Dr.Aris:Youarecorrect;brightlightsandloudenginesdisturbthem.Weuseremotelyoperatedvehiclesequippedwithminimal,low-intensitylightingtoobservefromadistance.Weavoidattachinganytrackingdevicestotheirbodiesasitimpedestheirmovement.Journalist:Didthisapproachyieldanyunexpectedresultsduringthelatestexpedition?Dr.Aris:Yes,actually.Weobservedoctopusesbuildingsheltersoutofdiscardedcoconutshells,carryingthemacrosstheoceanfloor,andassemblingthem.Thiswasn'tjusthiding;itwasconstruction.Journalist:Incredible.Giventhesefindings,myfinalquestionisthis:doyouseepotentialapplicationsforthisresearchinotherfields,suchasrobotics,oraretheethicalconcernsofstudyingthemthemaintakeaway?Dr.Aris:Theapplicationsinsoftroboticsareimmense,butIbelievetheprimarytakeawayisethical.Wemustreconsiderhowwetreatthesehighlyintelligentcreatures,especiallythosekeptincaptivity.1.C2.B3.C4.B5.DPartBThehistoryofurbanplanningisareflectionofhumanity'songoingstruggletobalanceindustrialprogresswithlivability.Inthelate19thcentury,asindustrializationaccelerated,citiesbecameovercrowdedandunsanitary.Theconceptofthe"GardenCity"wasoriginallyproposedtocombattheseverepollutioncausedbyindustrialfactories.EbenezerHoward,thepioneerofthisconcept,envisionedcitiesthatweresurroundedbygreenbeltstoprovidelocalfoodandanaturalboundaryagainsturbansprawl.Today,thephilosophyhasevolvedintotheeco-citymovement.Thedesignofcontemporaryeco-citiesheavilyreliesontheintegrationofrenewableenergysystemsintourbaninfrastructure.However,implementingthesemodernidealsinolder,establishedmetropolisesisnoteasy.Oneofthemainchallengesinretrofittingoldercitiesisthelackofavailablelandforgreenspaces.Plannersoftenhavetoresorttoverticalgardensorrooftopinstallations.Ultimately,thespeakerconcludesthatfutureurbanplanningmustprioritizeenvironmentalsustainabilityoveraestheticappealifwearetosurvivethecomingclimatecrises.6.industrialfactories7.greenbelts8.renewableenergysystems9.availableland10.environmentalsustainabilitySectionIIUseofEnglish11.A.traction."Togaintraction"isastandardEnglishidiommeaningtobecomepopularoraccepted."Fraction,""action,"and"reaction"donotcollocatewith"gainedsignificant"inthiscontext.12.A.distraction."Focuswithoutdistraction"isthecoredefinitionofdeepwork.Theotheroptions(attraction,contraction,extraction)arecontextuallyinappropriate.13.A.interruptions.Thetextreferstodigitalphenomenathatbreakattention,suchasnotifications."Interruptions"fitsperfectly.14.A.rare.Inaworldfullofdistractions,deepworkhasbecomeuncommonor"rare.""Ubiquitous"meanswidespread,whichistheopposite."Obsolete"meansoutdated,whichdoesn'tfitthemeaning.15.B.intensive."Intensivefocus"meanshighlyconcentratedfocus."Intense"isoftenusedforemotionsorphysicalsensations."Intensive"isusedforprocessesorefforts.16.A.easy.Thetextcontrastsshallowworkwithdeepwork,statingshallowworkdoesnotcreatemuchvalueandisthuseasytoautomate.17.A.Incontrast.Theprevioussentencestatesshallowworkiseasytoautomateandcreateslittlevalue.Thenextsentencesaysdeepworkcreatesnewvalue.Therefore,acontrastivetransitionisneeded.18.A.deliberate."Deliberatetraining"meansintentionalandpurposefultraining,fittingthecontextofdevelopingadifficultskill.19.A.addiction."Thebrain'saddictiontodistraction"highlightstheneurologicalchallengeofbreakingthehabitofconstantdigitalchecking.20.A.breaking.Sincethebrainisaddictedtocheckingdevices,"breaking"thehabitisthecorrectcollocation.21.A.promotes.Themodernworkplaceencouragesor"promotes"acultureofimmediateresponsiveness.22.A.judged.Employeesareevaluatedor"judged"ontheiravailability;itisapassiveconstruction(arejudged).23.A.mode."Thismodeofcommunication"referstotheimmediateresponsivenessmentionedpreviously.24.A.productivity.Immediatecommunicationcreatesafalsesenseofbeingproductive,eventhoughitharmslong-termoutput.25.A.uninterrupted.Tododeepwork,oneneedsblocksoftimethatarenotbrokenbydistractions,hence"uninterrupted."26.B.solitude.Inthecontextofdisconnectingfromdigitaldevices,"solitude"orisolationfrominterruptionsistheappropriatestrategy.27.A.devices.Disconnectingfromdigital"devices"(phones,computers)isthelogicalaction.28.C.strengthen.Disconnectinghelpsto"strengthen"one'sattentionspan,makingitmorerobust.29.A.fatigue.Multitaskingisknowntocausecognitive"fatigue,"drainingmentalenergy.30.A.yields.Askill"yields"(producesorgenerates)benefits."Seeds,""grows,"and"plants"arenotusedinthisabstractcollocation.SectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartAText131.C.Paragraph1explicitlydefinesplantblindnessas"thehumantendencytofailtonoticeorrecognizeplants...resultsinadisproportionatepreferenceforfaunaoverflora."32.D.Thetextmentionsevolutionaryhistory(Paragraph2),thestaticnatureofplants(Paragraph2),andunderrepresentationincurricula(Paragraph2).Lackoffundingforbotanicalgardensisnotmentionedasacause;rather,itisaconsequence.33.B.Thestatisticsshowing57%ofendangeredspeciesbutonly4%offundingillustratethedisparitybetweentheconservationneedsofplantsandthefundingtheyactuallyreceive.34.B.A"trophiccascade"inecologicaltermsreferstotherippleeffectcausedbytheadditionorremovalofatoppredatororfoundationalspecies.Thecontextmentionsthelossoffoundationalplantspeciesleadingtothecollapseofecosystems.35.B.Thepassagecoversthedefinition(Paragraph1),causes(Paragraph2),consequences(Paragraph3),andsolutions(Paragraph4)regardingplantblindness.Text236.C.Paragraph1statesthatUBIis"deliveredtoallcitizensonanunconditionalbasis,regardlessofincomeleveloremploymentstatus."37.B.Paragraph1notesthatUBIis"designedtoaddressthesystemicvulnerabilitiesofmoderneconomies,particularlyinthefaceofautomation."38.B.Paragraph2statesthatcriticsargueUBI"mightdisincentivizework,leadingtoacontractionofthelaborforce...resultininflation."39.C.Paragraph3discussesthephilosophicaldebate,withopponentsgroundingargumentsinthe"Protestantworkethic,positingthatlaborisintrinsicallytiedtohumandignity."40.B.Paragraph4statesthatevidenceisinconclusive"largelybecausepastpilotprogramshavebeenlimitedinbothscaleandduration."PartB41.C.Theprecedingsentencementionsanarmsracebetweencodemakersandcodebreakers.SentenceC("Everytimeanewmethod...isdevised,adversariesimmediatelybeginthequesttodecipherit")elaboratesdirectlyonthistension.42.E.TheprecedingsentencedescribesthesimplisticCaesarcipher.SentenceE("However,aslongasthenumberofshiftsremainedsecret...")connectstheCaesarciphertothehistoricalcontextofearlymilitarycommunications.43.B.TheparagraphdiscussesKerckhoffs'sprincipleandthetransitionawayfromsecretalgorithms.SentenceB("Thistransitionledtothecreationofasymmetricencryption...")logicallyfollows,introducingtheconceptofpublicandprivatekeysasthemodernsolution.44.A.Theprecedingsentenceexplainsthatquantumcomputersusequbitsthatexistinmultiplestatessimultaneously.SentenceA("Thiscomputationalpowerposesadirectthreattothecryptographicalgorithms...")connectsthetheoreticalpowerofquantumcomputerstothethreatagainstmoderncryptography.45.D.Theparagraphdiscussestheemergenceofpost-quantumcryptographyandtheracetodevelopnewalgorithms.SentenceD("Thesenext-generationcryptographicstandardsa