2023年人教版中考英语专题复习-名词考点专练

中考英语专题复习一名词考点专练

知识导航

1、名词的概念及分类

2、名词的数

3、名词所有格

知识点—名词的定义及作用

定义：所谓名词，即表示人或事物的名称.可做句子的主语，宾语，表语，定语。

典例精讲

判断下列那些词汇是名词

nameboringbookherteacherquicklyitthemusethe

变式练习

一，判断句中名词作什么成分

1.Newspapersareuseful.

2.Haveyoureceivedmyletter?

3.Thebooksareonthedesk.

4.Timeismoney.

5.1amanEnglishteacher.

二，单项选择

1.--Wherearethestudents?

—TheyareplayingfootballwithstudentsfromHilltopSchool.()

A.boys,/B.boys,theC.boy,/D.boy,the

2.AlltheenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8,hbecauseitwastheirown

holiday.()

A.menworkersB.womenworkersC.womanworkers

3.-What'syourfavouritefood?

-Ilikebest.Ihadalargebowllastnight.()

A.potatonoodleB.potatoesnoodleC.potatonoodlesD.potatoes

noodles

知识点二一名词的分类

名词的分类:个体名词：表示人或事物的个体名称。

city.panda,chair.

集体名词：表示T人或T事物的总称。

public,people.das.

物氐名词：表示无法分为个体的物氐或材料的名称

rice大米，snowsteel钢铁cotton棉花，com玉米，

行名词：表示行为、状态、品欣、感恬等抽象量2的名

courage勇气，deteraunaiion决心satisf^cbon涓意,

表示人名、胞名、国名oLondon伦敦，Tom汤翱theGreatWaU长城,

能弹、电/SWfeiSoSpiderMan《蜘蚱佚》

表示机构、组织、团体。UNESCO联合国故科文组织

表示月份、星期、节目。Monday星期一Nationalday国庆节

典例精讲

圈出可数名词，在专有名词下方划线

workjobtheDragonBoatFestivalwatermapJourneytotheWestpencil

CanadabasketballLittleWomenvolleyballGoldengateBridgebreadmilk

Switzerland

变式练习

1.ThisisTomSmith.Wecancallhim.()

A.MissSmithB.Mr.TomC.Mr.SmithD.Smithsir

2.Ournewmathteacher'sfrom.He's.()

A.German；GermanyB.London；Russian

C.Washington；BritainD.Switzerland；Swiss

3.I'mnothungryatallbecauseIjustatemuch()

A.applesB.BananasC.bread

4.Therearethreeinthecompany(公司).Theyareall.()

A.worker；GermanB.workers；GermenC.workers；Germans

注意:

L本身是复数.Eg:,cattle,people,police.

集体名词

2.本身单复数均可表示.

Eg:class,club,committee,company,crew,enemy,family,

government,group,team.

当这一类词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于其表示的具体含义，如果作为一个整

体看待时，谓语动词用；如果指的是具体成员，则谓语动词用

Eg:

①Thefamilyisthebasicunitofsociety.家庭是构成社会的基本单位。

②Myfamilyaregoingonatripthissummer.我们全家今年夏天要外出旅游。

典例精讲

Sandyreallylikeseatingmeat,butshedoesn'tlikeeating.

A.breadsB.vegetablesC.chickens

变式练习

l.DoyouknowwhatthepofChina?

—It'sover1.3billion

2.What'sthatonthewall?

一Oh,it'saphotoofmy.Myparentsareinit.

A.myfamilyB.myfamily'sC.myfamiliesD.myfamilies'

知识点三一名词的数

可数名词有单、复数形式。

（一）名词复数形式的规则变化

1.一般在名词的结尾加-s,在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音和元音后后读功。

exercise—>desk—

2.以s、x、chsh结尾的名词加-es,读/Iz/。watch—►

box—*____________

3.以“辅音字母+y"结尾的词，把y变i,再加-es。factory—*

ladyt_____________

4.以f或fe结尾的词，一般把f或fe改为v,加-es。wolf—>

knifc—>__________

5.以o结尾的可数名词，有生命的加-es,无生命的加・s。potato一

piano—*____________

典例精讲

写出下列词汇的复数形式

leafdaypuppyboxthiefknife

Oy______fox______bus______bench_____brush.

kisszooroof

radio______bamboo______city_____boy______

变式练习

用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：

1.Therearesomany(tree)intheforest.

2.Mybrotherlooksaftertwo(baby)

3.Therearesome(sheep)eatingthegrass.

4.Myfatherlikestoeat(chicken).

5.Chineseliketoeatnoodles.

【易错警示】

1.注意以下名词的复数形式是在词尾加

American—>AmericansAustralian—►Canadian—*

German—>Greek一Indian—*

Russian—*_________

2.有些名词表面为复数形式，实为单数。

math,physics,politicsnews,theUnitedNationstheUnitedStates

变式练习

1.Myfavoritesubjectis,andIthinkitisinteresting.

【知识拓展】

1.以o结尾的名词，需加-es的名词Eg：negro,hero,tomato,potatoo

顺口溜来记忆，即”黑人英雄西红柿和土豆”。

2.以f或fe结尾的名词，须把f或fe变为v,再加-es的名词

Eg：calf,half,knife,leaf,life,loaf,self,shelf,thief,wife,wolf。

顺口溜来记忆，即”妻已架刀命牛郎（狼），半夜（叶）偷包要提防”

3.以ch结尾的名词：ch发音为/k/的名词，其复数形式直接在词尾加-s,

Eg:stomach—>stomachs胃

I.Therearetwoandthreeinmybag.（）

A.radios；tomatoesB.radios；tomatosC.radioes；tomatosD.radioes；

loinaioes

2.turnyellowinautumn.（）

A.LeafB.LeavesC.LeafsD.Leave

（二）名词复数的不规则变化

1.单复数同形

Chinese—*sheep—>Japanese—*

2.改变元音字母

man一

woman—fbot一loolh一policewoman一

3.只有复数形式的名词

trousersscissorspantsglassesshoes

4.其他变化mouse—child—>

典例精讲

写出下列词汇的复数形式

manmousefishgoosepeopleoxChinese

deerfootchildtoothguy

herobossmonkey

变式练习

Thereareinourtown.()

A.twoJapaneseandfiveAmericanB.twoJapanesesandfiveAmerican

C.twoJapaneseandfiveAmericansD.twoJapanesesandfiveAmericans

Howmanyarethereinthepicture?()

A.childsB.womenC.meatsD.Woman

Isawsomeanddancinginthestreetyesterday.()

A.Gcrmcn；ChinaB.Germans：ChinasC.Germans：ChineseD.Gcnncn；Chineses

【易错警示】

表示鱼的种类时，复数形式为fishesdifferentfishes不同种类的鱼

fish

一表示鱼的条数时，复数形式仍为fishfivefish五条鱼

意为“工厂”时，单复数形式一样threechemicalwork三座化工厂

work

意为”著作，作品”时，复数形式是worksthreeworksbyMoYan三

一部莫言的作品

变式练习

I.Therearcthreeinthecompany(公司).Theyarcall.()

A.worker；GermanB.workers；GcrmcnC.workers；Germans

2.MoYanismyfavoritewriter,andIhavemanywrittenbyhe

3.Therearelotsofdifferentintheworld,andTomhasthreegold.

A.fish,fishB.fishesfishC.fishfishesD.fishesfishes

(三)不可数名词

一般情况下，专有名词、物质名称、抽象名词为不可数名词。不可数名词一般没

有复数形式，但有些名词在不同的语境下有不同的含义，从而也表现出可数与不

可数性。

1.常见的不可数名词:advice,furniture,hair,homework,information,

knowledge,money,news,progress,age,experience,failure,food,fun,health,luck,

music,nature,paper,pleasure,pride,rain,research,safety,salt,sand,snow,time,

trade,trust,truth,waste,water,wealth,weather,wind,work

典例精讲

一Hey,Alicia!HaveyougotusedtoChinesefood?

一Yes!ButIamstilllearningtouseasaChinesedoes.

A.forksB.chopsticksC.knives

变式练习

Iamgoodatplayingbasketball.Playingbasketballis.()

A.agoodexerciseB.goodexercisesC.goodexercise

知识点四•名词所有格

名词所有格通常是用来表示一个名词和另一个名词之间的所属关系。

(一)构成

1.单数名词,在词尾直接加Jim'sroom

2.词尾已有-s的复数名词，在词尾只加Students?rooms

词尾不带-s的复数名词,在词尾直接加Children'sDay

3.表示两者或两者以上共有的所属关系，在最后一个词的词尾加

JaneandMary'sroom(指两个人共用•个房间)

4.表示两者或两者以上各自的所属关系,

Jane'sandMary'srooms(指分别所有)

5.表示某人的家、店铺、办公室等，在词尾加，s,省略其后名词，atmyuncle's

典例精讲

-Isthisvolleyball,Mike?

-No,it'snotmine.Ithinkits.()

A.your；Lily'sandLucy'sB.yours；Lily'sandLucy'sC.your：LilyandLucy's

D.yours；LilyandLucy's

变式练习

1.--Whosedictionariesarethese?

--Theyarethe.()

A.twins'B.twinC.twinsD.twin's

2.-Look,therearesomanyflowersonihedesk.Howbeautifultheyare!

-Yes.TodayisDay.Thesearethegiftsforourteachers.()

A.teachers；Teacher'sB.teacher's；Teachers*C.teachefs；Teacher's

D.teachers'；Teachers'

3.-Doyouliveneartheschool?

-Yes,it'saboutwalk.

A.twentyminutesB.twenty-minutesC.twentyminutes'D.twenty

minute's

4.---Whosekeylingisthis?Isityours?

---No,itmustbe.()

A.someoneelse'sB.someoneelseC.someone'selse'sD.someonerselse

(2)of所有格

无生命的名词的所属关系一般要用介词of短语来构成。

Eg:amapofChina,attheendofthistermo

但表时间、距离、世界、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词直接在词尾加

「s或「。

Eg:fiveminutes'walk

加例精讲

Thisisaphotooffamily.()

A.JennyB.Jenny'sC.Jennys

变式练习

1.-WhatcanIdoforyou?-I'dliketobuytwoof.()

A.kilos；potatosB.kiloes；potatoesC.kiloes；potatosD.kilos；potatoes

2.Look!Fiveandasetofareintheblackbag.()

A.photos；keyB.photos；keysC.photoes；keysD.photo；keys

(3)双重所有格

表示所属物的名词前有冠词(a/an),数词(one,two...),不定代词(some,all,

any...),物主代词(my,your...),指示代词(ihis,that…时，常用"of+飞所有

格”形式，即双重所有格来表示所属关系。

Eg:①aphotoofmysister's我妹妹的一张照片

②thisbookofmyclassmate's我同学的这本书

典例精讲

1.Anoldfriendofiscoiningtoseeher,sosheisthinkingaboutinvitingherfriend

home.()

A.mymother；toB.mymother's；/C.mymother；/D.mymother's；to

课堂巩固练习

单项选择

1.Myaunthasfourdaughters.Amongthembirthdayisonthesameday.

()

A.Kate'sandJane*sB.Kate'sandJane

C.KateandJane'sD.KateandJanes'

2.——Haveyoulearned"Whenwillthemoonbeclearandbright?Withacupofwine

inmyhand,Iaskthebluesky."?

一Yes.SuShiwrotethepoemfor.()

A.theSpringFestival

B.theMid-AutumnFestival

C.theLanternFestival

D.theDragonBoatFestival

3.Now,Tlive(居住)inandIhavemany(许多)friends.

()

A.China；ChinaB.China；Chinese

C.Chinese；ChineseD.Chinese；China

4.Thisismyroom.Look'Thcirphotoonthewallisnice.()

A.cousinB.cousinsC.cousin'sD.cousins'

5.DayisonMarcheighthandDayisonSeptembertenth.()

A.Women's；Teacher'sB.Women's；Teachers1

C.Woman's；TeachefsD.Women'；Teachers'

6.Tomfoundandwrotealonglettertohisgrandma.()

A.threepieceofpaper

B.threepiecesofpapers

C.threepapers

D.threepiecesofpaper

7.-Badluck!Iforgottotakemysmartphoneandevenhavenototakethebus

today.

-Ithinkyouneedyourhabit,andkeepeverythinginorder(顺序).()

A.change；changesB.changes；tochange

C.change；tochangeD.changes；change

8.ThankstotheInternet,ourteacherscangiveusonourstudyalthoughwe

can'tmeet.()

A.anysuggestionsB.anadvice

C.someadviceD.somesuggestion

9.Mysonlikeseating,soIkeepsomeonthefarm.()

A.chicken；chickenB.chicken；chickens

C.chickens；chickenD.chickens；chickens

10.一MissLi,wouldyoulikesomeforyournewoffice?

一Yes.Adeskandtwochairs,please.()

A.furnitureB.computerC.pictures

11.Canyougiveme?Wehavenoneinourclassroom.()

A.chalkB.achalk

C.somechalksD.apieceofchalk

12.Pleasemakefortheoldmantositon.()

A.roomB.aroomC.places

13.MrBlackgaveusonhowtolearnEnglishwell.()

A.a