初升高英语衔接讲义：句子成分

高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法【初中句子成分考点聚焦】3、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who,s4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.5、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in,on,from,above.7、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征slowly.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and,but,before.WespeakChinese.我Ilikelightmusic.HeiswatchingTVathome.他在家看电视。（athMyfatherisawriter.我父亲是一名作家。（【高中句子成分考点聚焦】—Q课标解读句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾+直宾）、S+V+O+C（主+谓+宾+宾总的来说，高中英语在句子成分的理解上要求更为深入和全面，需要学生具备更强的语言分析能力和应用能力。—Q考点清单句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不Duringthe1990s,AmericancountryOne-thirdofthestudentsinthisWhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtestItisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracti如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeseem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语OurteacherofEnglishisanAmericaHisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplaThetruthisthath TheywenttoseeanexhibitionTheheavyrainpreventedmeformcomiHowmanydictionariesdoyouhave?ITheyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhousewIenjoylisteningtoIthink（that）heisfitfor宾语种类1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补例如：Theyelectedhimth 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismonWesawherenteringWewillsoonmakeourcit ChinaisadevelopingcountryTherearethirtywomenteachersHisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeuOurmonitorisalwaysthefirstTheteachingplanfornexttermhasHeisreadinganarticleabo HehaslivedinthecitHeisproudtohavepassedthenationalHeisintheroommaLastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartyIshallgothereifitdoeSheputtheeggsintotheInordertocatchupwiththeothers,ImHewassotiredthathefellasl 对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。（1）名词：We,theChinesepeople,aredeterminedtobuildChinaintoa（2）代词：Theyallwantedtoseehim.Hehimselfdoesn’tknowwhy.（4）不定式：Theirlatestproposal,toconcentrateonprimaryeducation,hasme（5）动名词：Thefirstplan,attackingatnight,w（6）of短语：ThecityofRomeisaattractiveplace.（7）从句（同位语从句）：Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomo1．Analyzethesentencecomponentoftheund4．Theyoungman’sdreamtobecomeanastronauthasneverc5．Ithappenedthatayoungwriterwithnopsentenceelementoftheunderlinedwords?6．Everynightbeforebedtime,hecarefullylaysthebabyonaftertomorrow”is11．Featuresarewritteninan13．Theoldmansittingunderthetreeismygran14．Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.What’sthefunctiono15．Theypaintedthedoorgreen.What’s16．Afterthelonghike,the18．Tomasteraforet20．Thenumberofonlineshoppersinthisar二．分析句子:阅读下列短文,判断其中粗体字所作的成分。arnpaper-cuttingintheafter-schoolclub.Thebeautifulredpatternsonpaperare2.aprecioustrkculture.Weneedtocollectdifferentkindsofmaterithewindowisanexpertwith4.richpractica1.Learningtraditionalculturehelpsteenagersbuildgoodculturalconfcoursesandletstudents2.explorelocalhandicrafts.Thecolourfulhandcraclassroom.Studentscanimprovetheirpracticalskills4.bScientists1.arestudyingthevapaper-cutworksonshow.Theartdifferentcountriesregardthesearts4.aspricelessculturalwmillion?TheanswerfromLocatedintheeasterndistrict(区)ofTongzhou,BeijingLibrary2(become)apopulaitopenedinlateDecember.Itreceivedover80,000visitsduringthethreattractednotonlybythelibrary’sbuilding,butalsobyitsplentifulcollectionofbooksandCoveringsome75,000squaremetres,BeijingLibrarystacks(书库)onthelibrary’sbasementfloorplayakeyrole.TheyarepartofthautomatedstorageandretThestackshaveastorageareaoflemillionbookslargelyduetoReaderswhoprefernottotraveltothelibooktotheirdoorstep.TheserviceisopenProvince.TheInternationalLinguisticsOlympiad(IOL)isacompetiticountryeachyearsince2003.Itchallengesparticipants,bothindividuallya的)puzzles.TocompeteattheIOL,nospecialknowledgeisrequired,onlybandcreativethinking.TrythisbeginnersampletoseeiftheIOLisrightAmericancountriesarewrittenintranslations:ბრაზილიQ:WhatistheEnglishnameofthisTheSolution·TheGeorgianformsof“Peru”and“Uruguay”havethesamenumberoflettersastheirEnglishnames,showingadirectlettermatch.confirmsGeorgianiswrittenleft-tGeorgianversion,buttWiththeseletters, A,”whichis“ArgentinchoicethatcannotbechangedlessthantwoweeksbeforetheOlympiaproblemwithtwohoursless.·Unlessinstructed,givingmultiple(多样的)answerswrequiredforeachanswer;failuretoprovideonethenumberofgold,silver,andbronzemedalsawardedshallbeintheratio1:2:3,withthetotalnumberobeingbetweenonequarterandonethirdofthecontestants.ClickheretofC．Theresultofgivingmultiple13．Ifthereare240individualcontestants高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法【初中句子成分考点聚焦】3、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who,s4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.5、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in,on,from,above.7、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征slowly.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and,but,before.WespeakChinese.我Ilikelightmusic.HeiswatchingTVathome.他在家看电视。（athMyfatherisawriter.我父亲是一名作家。（【高中句子成分考点聚焦】—Q课标解读句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾+直宾）、S+V+O+C（主+谓+宾+宾总的来说，高中英语在句子成分的理解上要求更为深入和全面，需要学生具备更强的语言分析能力和应用能力。—Q考点清单句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不Duringthe1990s,AmericancountryOne-thirdofthestudentsinthisWhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtestItisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracti如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeseem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语OurteacherofEnglishisanAmericaHisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplaThetruthisthath TheywenttoseeanexhibitionTheheavyrainpreventedmeformcomiHowmanydictionariesdoyouhave?ITheyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhousewIenjoylisteningtoIthink（that）heisfitfor宾语种类1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补例如：Theyelectedhimth 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismonWesawherenteringWewillsoonmakeourcit ChinaisadevelopingcountryTherearethirtywomenteachersHisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeuOurmonitorisalwaysthefirstTheteachingplanfornexttermhasHeisreadinganarticleabo HehaslivedinthecitHeisproudtohavepassedthenationalHeisintheroommaLastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartyIshallgothereifitdoeSheputtheeggsintotheInordertocatchupwiththeothers,ImHewassotiredthathefellasl 对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。（1）名词：We,theChinesepeople,aredeterminedtobuildChinaintoa（2）代词：Theyallwantedtoseehim.Hehimselfdoesn’tknowwhy.（4）不定式：Theirlatestproposal,toconcentrateonprimaryeducation,hasme（5）动名词：Thefirstplan,attackingatnight,w（6）of短语：ThecityofRomeisaattractiveplace.（7）从句（同位语从句）：Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomo1．Analyzethesentencecomponentoftheund【答案】Abe句型中，主语通常位于谓语动词之后，真正的主语是后面的名词短语acat，表示存在的事物。因此，划线部分acat在句中充当主语。故选A。【答案】C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：谢谢，妈妈。这是我收到过的最好的礼物。根据句意以及句子结构可知画线部分是一个省略了关系词的定语从句，意为“我收到过的”，修饰先行词“gift”，关系代词在定语从句中充【答案】D4．Theyoungman’sdreamtobecomeanastronauthasneverc【答案】C【详解】考查句子成分。句意：这个年轻人想成为宇航员的梦想从未改变。分析句子可知，题干中主句为“Theyoungman’sdreamhasneverchanged”（年轻人的梦想从未改变），划线部分“tobecomeanastronaut”一事物（梦想=成为宇航员符合同位语的定义。故选C项。5．Ithappenedthatayoungwriterwithnopsentenceelementoftheunderlinedwords?【答案】Dpublishingexperience”是一个介词短语，用来修饰前面的名词“ayoungwriter”，说明这位作家的特征，作定6．Everynightbeforebedtime,hecarefullylaysthebabyon【答案】B【答案】C【答案】A【详解】考查句子成分判断。句意：她爸爸给她买了一台新电脑作为生日礼物。句子主干为“Hsth.”，其中“sth.”作直接宾语，【答案】B动词，意为“变得”。系动词后需接表语，“cold”描述主语“it”（天气）的状态，符合形容词作表语的语法功aftertomorrow”is【答案】B【详解】考查句子成分辨析。句意：她后天会在机场等你。分析句子结构可知，“thedayaftertomorrow”意为“后天”，用于说明谓语动词“willbewaiting11．Featuresarewritteninan【答案】Abackground在句中作伴随状语，说明特征的编写带有额外的细节和背景。故【答案】C13．Theoldmansittingunderthetreeismygran【答案】Aismygrandfather”是句子主干，为主系表结构。其中“sittingunderthetree(坐在树下的)”是划线部分，用于修饰主语“Theoldman”，说明“老人”的具体状态14．Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.What’sthefunctiono【答案】AC.Adverbial状语；D.Complement补足语。intheclassroom是介词短语，用来修饰限定前面的名词the15．Theypaintedthedoorgreen.What’s【答案】C【详解】考查句子成分。句意：他们把门漆成了绿色。划线单词的语法功能是什么？They“他们”作主语，painted“在……上刷油漆”是谓语动词，thedoor“门”是宾语，划线词green“绿色的”，用于补充说明宾语thedoor在动作painted之后所处的状态（即门被漆后的颜色为宾16．Afterthelonghike,the【答案】B【详解】考查句子成分。句意：“Afterthelonghike,theclimbersfeltextremelytiredandthirsty.(长途徒步后，longhike”为状语，划线部分“extremelytiredandthirsty”用于说明主语“theclimb【答案】Dweshouldgoforoursum18．Tomasterafore【答案】A【详解】考查句子成分。句意：要在三个月内掌握一门外语是有挑战性的。划线部分（Tomasteraforeignlanguageinthreemonths）是什么句子成分？A.Subject.主语；B.Adverbial.状语；C.Verb.（谓语）动词；D.（Subject），是句子描述的核心对象；“is”为系动词（Verb），用于连接主语和表语；“challenging(有挑战性的)”为表语（Predicative），用于说明【答案】C子成分？A.Attributive.定语；B.Adverbial.状语；C.Complement.补语；D.Predicative.表语。句子主干为“主式短语“toinvestmoremoneyinresearchanddevelopmen20．Thenumberofonlineshoppersinthisar【答案】A【详解】考查句子成分。句意：今年该地区的网购者的数量增加了30%。划线部分是什么句子成分？A.二．分析句子:阅读下列短文,判断其中粗体字所作的成分。arnpaper-cuttingintheafter-schoolclub.Thebeautifulredpatternsonpaperare2.aprecioustrkculture.Weneedtocollectdifferentkindsofmaterithewindowisanexpertwith4.richpractica1.Learningtraditionalculturehelpsteenagersbuildgoodculturalconfcoursesandletstudents2.explorelocalhandicrafts.Thecolourfulhandcraclassroom.Studentscanimprovetheirpracticalskills4.bScientists1.arestudyingthevapaper-cutworksonshow.Theartdifferentcountriesregardthesearts4.aspricelessculturalwmillion?TheanswerfromLocatedintheeasterndistrict(区)ofTongzhou,BeijingLibrary2(become)apopulaitopenedinlateDecember.Itreceivedover80,000visitsduringthethreattractednotonlybythelibrary’sbuilding,butalsobyitsplentifulcollectionofbooksandCoveringsome75,000squaremetres,BeijingLibrarystacks(书库)onthelibrary’sbasementfloorplayakeyrole.TheyarepartofthautomatedstorageandretThestackshaveastorageareaoflemillionbookslargelyduetoReaderswhoprefernottotraveltothelibooktotheirdoorstep.TheserviceisopenProvince.【答案】到书？固定句型Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.知，用现在完成时，主语BeijingLibrary实，用一般现在时；主语BeijingLibrary为单数，谓语用house“容纳”的第三人称单数形式houses。5．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是中国最大的单体图书自动化存取检索系统（也称为AS/RS）的一部分。6．考查副词。句意：这些书库总占地面积不足3000平方米，然而，由于它们的特殊设计，它们可存储多7．考查代词。句意：这些书库总占地面积不足3000平方米，然而，由于它们的特殊设计，它们可存储多8．考查形容词。句意：在传统图书馆中，存放这么多书至少需要一万平方米的空间。空后是名词library，10．考查介词。句意：这项服务面向北京及邻近的天津、河北的读者开放。TheInternationalLinguisticsOlympiad(IOL)isacompetiticountryeachyearsince2003.Itchallengesparticipants,bothindividuallya的)puzzles.TocompeteattheIOL,nospecialknowledgeisrequired,onlybandcreati