《TOFD检测（双语）》课件-30.缺陷评定和质量分级

TOFD数据缺陷评定和质量分级

DefectEvaluationandQualityClassificationUsingTOFDDataTOFD检测技术

TOFDTestingTechnology缺陷评定的分类

ClassificationofDefectEvaluation1点状缺陷的评定

EvaluationofPointIndications2非点状缺陷多个相邻缺陷的评定

EvaluationofMultipleAdjacentNon-PointIndications3单个非点状缺陷

EvaluationofanIndividualNon-PointIndication4知识目标

Knowledgeobjectives教学目标

Teachingobjectives01不允许危害性表面开口缺陷的存在；

Hazardoussurface-breakingdefectsarenotpermitted;02如检测人员可判断缺陷类型为裂纹、坡口未熔合等危害性缺陷时，评为Ⅲ级；

Iftheinspectoridentifiesanindicationasahazardousdefect,suchasacrackorlackoffusionatthegrooveface,itshallbeclassifiedasLevelⅢ;03点状缺陷的评定；

EvaluationofPointIndications;04非点状缺陷多个相邻缺陷的评定。

EvaluationofMultipleAdjacentNon-PointIndications.缺陷评定的分类

ClassificationofDefectEvaluation点状缺陷评级首先在严重区域选取一个评定区，评定区为一个与焊缝平行的矩形截面，其沿X轴方向的长度为100mm，沿Z轴方向的高度为工件厚度。在矩形区域内找出点状缺陷的数量，依据下表判断点状缺陷的质量等级。

Toevaluatepointindications,anevaluationzoneshallfirstbeselectedintheregioncontainingthemostsevereindications.Theevaluationzoneisarectangularareaparalleltotheweld,withalengthof100mmalongtheX-axisandaheightequaltotheworkpiecethicknessalongtheZ-axis.Countthepointindicationswithintherectangularevaluationzoneanddeterminetheirqualitylevelaccordingtothetablebelow.例：工件厚度为100mm，I级焊缝允许的最多点数为50个，工件厚度为300，I级焊缝允许的最多点数为130个。

Example:Foraworkpiecewithathicknessof100mm,themaximumnumberofpointindicationspermittedforLevelIis50.Foraworkpiecewithathicknessof300mm,themaximumnumberpermittedforLevelIis130点状缺陷的评定

EvaluationofPointIndications例：TOFD检测图工件厚度为22mm，首先选好评定区，红坐标与蓝坐标沿着长度X轴之间的距离为100mm，在矩形框内有5个点状缺陷，依据标准规定评定为I级。

Example:IntheTOFDimage,theworkpiecethicknessis22mm.First,selectanevaluationzoneinwhichthedistancebetweentheredandbluecoordinatesalongtheX-axisis100mm.Fivepointindicationsarepresentwithintherectangularzone,sotheweldisclassifiedasLevelIinaccordancewiththestandard.点状缺陷的评定

EvaluationofPointIndications密集点状缺陷按条状缺陷处理

ClusteredPointIndicationsShallBeEvaluatedasanElongatedIndication点状缺陷的评定

EvaluationofPointIndications相邻两个或多个缺陷显示（非点状），其在X轴方向间距小于其中较小的缺陷长度且在Z轴方向间距小于其中较小的缺陷自身高度时，应作为一条缺陷处理，该缺陷深度、缺陷长度及缺陷自身高度按如下原则确定：

Whentwoormoreadjacentnon-pointindicationsareseparatedalongtheX-axisbylessthanthelengthofthesmallerdefectandalongtheZ-axisbylessthantheheightofthesmallerdefect,theyshallbeevaluatedasasingledefect.Thedepth,length,andheightofthecombineddefectshallbedeterminedasfollows:非点状缺陷多个相邻缺陷的评定

EvaluationofMultipleAdjacentNon-PointIndications缺陷深度：以两缺陷深度较小值作为单个缺陷深；

Defectdepth:Usethesmallerofthedefect-depthvalues,namelythedepthoftheshallowerdefect,asthedepthofthecombineddefect;缺陷长度：两缺陷在X轴投影上的前、后端点间距离；

Defectlength:UsethedistancebetweentheleadingendofthefirstdefectandthetrailingendofthelastdefectprojectedontotheX-axis;非点状缺陷多个相邻缺陷的评定

EvaluationofMultipleAdjacentNon-PointIndications缺陷自身高度：若两缺陷在X轴投影无重叠，以其中较大的缺陷自身高度作为单个缺陷自身高度；若两缺陷在X轴投影有重叠，则以两缺陷自身高度之和作为单个缺陷自身高度（间距计入）。

Defectheight:IftheprojectionsofthetwodefectsontotheX-axisdonotoverlap,usethegreateroftheirindividualheightsastheheightofthecombineddefect.Iftheirprojectionsoverlap,usethesumoftheirindividualheightsandthespacingbetweenthemastheheightofthecombineddefect.1234非点状缺陷多个相邻缺陷的评定

EvaluationofMultipleAdjacentNon-PointIndications例子：板厚50mm，开口缺陷高度3mm，长度20mm。

Example:Theplatethicknessis50mm,andthesurface-breakingdefectis3mmhighand20mmlong.表焊接接头质量分级TableQualityClassificationofWeldedJoints等级Level工件厚度taWorkpieceThicknesstᵃ单个缺陷IndividualDefect单个或多个缺陷累积长度CumulativeLengthofanIndividualDefectorMultipleDefects表面开口型缺陷Surface-BreakingDefects埋藏型缺陷BuriedDefects长度lmaxMaximumLengthlₘₐₓ高度h3

若l>lmax，缺陷高度h1Forl>lₘₐₓ,DefectHeighth₁长度lmaxMaximumLengthlₘₐₓ高度h2DefectHeighth₂若l>lmax，缺陷高度h1Forl>lₘₐₓ,DefectHeighth₁I12≤t≤15≤2≤1≤3≤11、对于单个或多个h≤h1的线状缺陷，在任意12t范围内累计长度不得超过3t且最大值为150mm；1.Foranindividuallineardefectormultiplelineardefectswithh≤h₁,thecumulativelengthwithinanyweldlengthof12tshallnotexceed3tandshallnotexceed150mm.2、若多个缺陷其各自长度l≤、高度h均为：h1<h≤h2或h3，则在任意12t范围内累计长度不得超过3t且最大值为150mm；2.Whenmultipledefectseachhavealengthlnotexceedingthespecifiedlimitandaheighthsatisfyingh₁<h≤h₂orh₃,theircumulativelengthwithinanyweldlengthof12tshallnotexceed3tandshallnotexceed150mm.3、所有表面开口缺陷累计长度不得大于整条焊缝长度的5%且最长不得超过300mm3.Thecumulativelengthofallsurface-breakingdefectsshallnotexceed5%ofthetotalweldlengthandshallnotexceed300mm.15<t≤40≤2≤1≤4≤140<t≤60≤20≤3≤2≤20≤5≤260<t≤100≤25≤3≤2≤25≤5≤2t>100≤30≤4≤3≤30≤6≤3单位：mmUnit:mm单个非点状缺陷

EvaluationofanIndividualNon-PointIndicationⅡ12≤t≤15≤t≤2≤1≤t≤3≤11、对于单个或多个h≤h1的线状缺陷，在任意12t范围内累计长度不得超过5t且最大值为300mm；1.Foranindividuallineardefectormultiplelineardefectswithh≤h₁,thecumulativelengthwithinanyweldlengthof12tshallnotexceed5tandshallnotexceed300mm.2、若多个缺陷其各自长度l≤t，高度h均为：h1<h≤h2或h3，则在任意12t范围内累计长度不得超过4t且最大值为200mm；2.Whenmultipledefectseachhavealengthl≤tandaheighthsatisfyingh₁<h≤h₂orh₃,theircumulativelengthwithinanyweldlengthof12tshallnotexceed4tandshallnotexceed200mm.3、所有表面开口缺陷累计长度不得大于整条焊缝长度的10%且最长不得超过500mm3.Thecumulativelengthofallsurface-breakingdefectsshallnotexceed10%ofthetotalweldlengthandshallnotexceed500mm.15＜t≤40≤t≤2≤1≤t≤4≤140＜t≤60≤40≤3≤2≤40≤5≤260＜t≤100≤50≤3≤2≤50≤5≤2t＞100≤60≤4≤3≤60≤6≤3III12～400超过Ⅱ级者ExceedingtheLevelIILimitsa公称厚度；当焊缝两侧母材公称厚度不同时，取薄侧。ᵃNominalthickness.Whentheparentmaterialsonthetwosidesoftheweldhavedifferentnominalthicknesses,thethicknessofthethinnersideshallbeused.等级Level工件厚度taWorkpieceThicknesstᵃ单个缺陷IndividualDefect单个或多个缺陷累积长度CumulativeLengthofanIndividualDefectorMultipleDefects表面开口型缺陷Surface-BreakingDefects埋藏型缺陷BuriedDefects长度lmaxMaximumLengthlₘₐₓ高度h3

若l>lmax，缺陷高度h1Forl>lₘₐₓ,DefectHeighth₁长度lmaxMaximumLengthlₘₐₓ高度h2DefectHeighth₂若l>lmax，缺陷高度h1Forl>lₘₐₓ,DefectHeighth₁单个非点状缺陷

EvaluationofanIndividualNon-PointIndication无可测量高度线状缺陷

LinearIndicationwithNoMeasurableHeight线状缺陷：假设工件厚度t=12mm，线状缺陷长度为40mm，无可测量自身高度，依据表格“单个或多个缺陷累积长度”这一列，I级在12t范围内不得超过3t，即36mm，Ⅱ级不能超过5t，即60mm，因此不能评定为I级，只能评定为Ⅱ级。

Linearindication:Assumethattheworkpiecethicknesstis12mmandthatalinearindicationis40mmlongwithnomeasurableheight.Accordingtothe