专题05阅读理解（应用文）-备战2023年高考英语母题题源解密（解析版）

专题05阅读理解(应用文)【母题来源一】2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（甲卷）【母题题文】ATakeaview,theLandscape（风景）PhotographeroftheYearAward,wastheideaofCharlieWaite,oneoftoday'smostrespected（受尊敬的）landscapephotographers.Eachyear,thehighstandard（标准）ofentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatform（平台）toshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.Takeaviewisadesirable（有魅力的，吸引人的，值得做的）annual（每年的）competitionforphotographersfromallcomersoftheUKandbeyond.MikeShepherd(2011)SkiddawinWinterCumbria,EnglandItwasanextremelycoldwinter'seveningandfreezingfoghungintheair.Iclimbedtothetopofasmallriseandrealisedthatthemistwaslittlemorethanafewfeetdeep,andthoughitwasonlyashortclimb,Ifoundmyselfcompletelyaboveit(find+o+oc)andlookingatawonderfullyclearviewofSkiddawwiththesunsettinginthewest(with+o+oc).Iusedclassical（古典的）techniques,translatedfrommycollegedaysspentinthedarkroomintoPhotoshop(过去分词作后置定语),toachievetheblack—and—whiteimage（图像）.（不定式作目的状语）TimothySmith(2014)MacclesfieldForestCheshire,EnglandIwasbackinmyhometownofMacclesfieldtotakesomewinterimages（不定式作目的状语）.WalkingupapaththroughtheforesttowardsShutlingsloe.alocalhighpoint（现在分词作状语）Icameacross（偶遇）asmallclearingandimmediatelynoticedthedeadyellowgrassesset（noticesbdosth）againstthefreshsnow.Thesmallpineaddedto(增加)theinterestandIplaceditcentrallytotakeviewfromtheforegroundrightthroughintotheforest.1.WhowouldmostprobablyenterforTakeaview?A.Writers. B.Photographers. C.Painters. D.Tourists.2.WhatdotheworksbyShepherdandSmithhaveincommon（有共同之处）?A.Theyarewinterimages.B.Theyareinblackandwhite.C.Theyshowmountainous（多山的）scenes.D.Theyfocuson（集中）snow—coveredforests.3.Wherecanthetextbefound?A.Inahistorybook. B.Inanovel. C.Inanartmagazine. D.Inabiography（人物传记）.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Takeaview以及获奖的相关情况。1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Takeaview,theLandscape(风景）PhotographeroftheYearAward,wastheideaofCharlieWaite,oneoftoday'smostrespectedlandscapephotographers.”（Takeaview，年度风景摄影师奖是CharlieWaite的主意，他是当今最受尊敬的风景摄影师之一）可知摄影师最有可能参加Takeaview。故选B。2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据MikeShepherd部分“Itwasanextremelycoldwinter'seveningandfreezingfoghungintheair.”（那是一个极其寒冷的冬天的晚上，空气中弥漫着冰冷的雾）和TimothySmith部分“IwasbackinmyhometownofMacclesfieldtotakesomewinterimages.”（我回到我的家乡Macclesfield拍摄一些冬季的照片）可知Shepherd和Smith的作品的共同之处是它们都是冬天的景象。故选A。3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Eachyear,thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.TakeaviewisadesirableannualcompetitionforphotographersfromallcomersoftheUKandbeyond.”（每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Takeaview是一项令人向往的年度竞赛）结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Takeaview以及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。故选C。【母题来源二】2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（卷I）【母题题文】ATrainInformationAllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservices(现在分词作后置定语)mustbeinpossessionof（拥有）avalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation，pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryeffortto（努力做…）ensure（确保）trainsrunasscheduled（省略句，正如计划的），therecanbenoguarantee（保证，担保）ofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.Lostproperty(失物招领)CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated(位于)at（位于）RomaStreetstation.PublicholidaysOnpublicholidays,generallyaSundaytimetableoperates.Oncertainmajoreventdays，i.e.AustraliaDay,AnzacDay,sportingandculturaldays,specialadditional（额外的）servicesmayoperate.ChristmasDayservicesoperatetoaChristmasDaytimetable，Beforetravelpleasevisittranslink.com.auorcallTransLinkon131230anytime.CustomersusingmobilitydevicesManystationshavewheelchairaccessfromthecarparkorentranceto（…的入口）thestationplatforms.Forassistance（帮助）,pleaseQueenslandRailon131617.Guardiantrains(outbound)DepartOriginDestinationArrive6:42pmAltandiVarsityLakes7:37pm7:29pmCentralVarsityLakes8:52pm8:57pmFortitudeValleyVarsityLakes9:52pm11:02pmRomaStreetVarsityLakes12:22am21.Whatwouldyoudotogetticketinformation?A.Call131617. B.Visittranslink.com.au.C.Askatthelocalstation. D.Checkthetrainschedule.22.Atwhichstationcanyoufindthelostpropertyoffice?A.Altandi. B.RomaStreet. C.VarsityLakes. D.FortitudeValley.23.WhichtrainwouldyoutakeifyougofromCentraltoVarsityLakes?A.6:42pm. B.7:29pm. C.8:57pm. D.11:02pm.【答案】21.C22.B23.B【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息。21.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中Forticketinformation,pleaseaskyourlocalstationorcall131230.可知查询车票信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打131230。由此可知，你可以询问当地车站或拨打131230来获得车票信息。故选C。22.B【解析】细节理解题。根据Lostproperty部分中ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocatedatRomaStreetstation.可知失物招领处周一至周五早上7:30到下午5:00营业，位于罗马街车站。由此可知，.RomaStreet你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选B。23.B【解析】细节理解题。根据Guardiantrans部分中信息，可知从起始地Central出发，开往目的地VarsityLakes的火车是下午7:29开车。由此可知，如果你要从Central去往VarsityLakes，你应当乘坐下午7:29的火车。故选B。【母题来源三】2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（卷3）【母题题文】AJourneyBackinTimewithScholarsClassicalProvence(13days)JourneythroughthebeautifulcountrysideofProvence，France，withProf.OriZ.Soltes.Wewillvisitsomeofthebest-preserved(保存，保留)Romanmonumentsintheworld.OurtouralsoincludesachancetowalkinthefootstepsofVanGoghandGauguin.Fieldsofflowers,tile-roofed(瓦屋顶)villagesandtasty（美味的）mealsenrich（使丰富）thiswonderfulexperience.SouthernSpain(15days)Spainhaslovelywhitetownsandthescent(芳香)oforanges，butitisalsoatreasury（珍宝）ofancientremainsincludingthecitiesleftbytheGreeks，RomansandArabs（过去分词作后置定语）.AswetravelsouthfromMadridwithProf.RonaldMessiertohistoricToledo，RomanMeridaandintoAndalucia,weexplorehistoricalmonumentsandarchitecture.China’sSacredLandscapes(21days)DiscovertheChinaof“pastages,”itswalledcities，templesandmountainscenerywithProf.RobertThorp.Highlights(精彩之处)includeChina’smostsacredpeaksatMountTaiandHangzbou’srollinghills，waterwaysandpeacefultemples.Wewillwanderintraditionalsmalltownsandendourtourwith（以…结束）anexceptional（非凡的，不同寻常的）museuminShanghai.Tunisia(17days)JoinProf.PedarFossonourin-depthTunisiantour.TourhighlightsincludetheRomancityofDougga，theundergroundNumidiancapitalatBullaRegia,RomanSbeitlaandtheremote（偏远的）areasaroundTataouineandMatmata，uiqueforundergroundcities.OurjourneytakesustopicturesqueBerbervillagesandlovelybeaches.21.WhatcanvisitorsseeinbothClassicalProvenceandSouthernSpain？A.Historicalmonuments. B.Fieldsofflowers.C.VanGogh’spaintings. D.Greekbuildings.22.WhichcountryisProf.Thorpmostknowledgeable（知识渊博的）about？A.France. B.Spain. C.China. D.Tunisia.23.WhichofthefollowinghighlighttheTunisiantour？A.Whitetowns. B.Undergroundcities. C.Tile-roofedvillages. D.Rollinghills.【答案】21.A22.C23.B【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个国家中，那些可以让人们回顾过去的著名景点。21.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一部分的Wewillvisitsomeofthebest-preservedRomanmonumentsintheworld.(我们将参观一些世界上保存最完好的罗马建筑遗迹)和第二部分的weexplorehistoricalmonumentsandarchitecture.(我们探索历史遗迹和建筑)可知，在ClassicalProvence和SouthernSpain游客们可以参观历史遗迹。A.Historicalmonuments（历史遗迹）符合以上说法，故选A项。22.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三部分的China'sSacredLandscapes(21days)(中华神山21天)和DiscovertheChinaof''pastages'',itswalledcities,templesandmountainscenerywithProfRobertThorp.HighlightsincludeChina'smostsacredpeaksatMountTaiandHangzhou'srollinghills,waterwaysandpeacefultemples(和Robert教授一起发现中国的过去，有墙的城市、寺庙和山景。精彩之处包括中国最神圣的泰山之巅，杭州起伏的群山、运河和宁静的寺庙)可知，去中国的神山之行总共有27天，而且Thorp对中国的名山非常了解。由此推测Thorp在这四个国家里最了解中国。C.China(中国)符合以上说法，故选C项。23.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四部分的TourhighlightsincludetheRomancityofDougga,theundergroundMumidiancapitalatBullaRegia,RomanSbeitlaandtheremoteareasaroundTaraounineandMatmata,uniqueforundergroundcities.(突尼斯的旅游亮点包括罗马城市Dougga，地下城市Mumidian,它是BullaRegia的首府，RomanSbeitla以及在Taraounine和Matmata附近的区域，它们是独特的地下城市)可知，突尼斯的旅游亮点是地下城市。B.Undergroundcities(地下城市)符合以上说法，故选B项。【课程标准解读】应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品说明与介绍、新闻报道等，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格等。英语《考试说明》对"读"的能力要求之一是:要求考生读明白一样性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章并能识别不同文体的特点。研读近年全国各地的高考试题能够看出，应用文是高考阅读明白得命题的重要体裁之一。【命题意图】主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置相对较容易。应用文的类型主要有:同主题广告，混合型广告，规则、通知、咨询问答、注意事项等，指南，书评、问卷调查、告示、参观须知、申请书、个人简介等。【考试方向】高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节理解题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，主要注意细节信息。细节题的题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义改写、词性转换等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。做题时，根据所提问题用了读、跳读的方法可达到事半功倍的效果。【得分要点】同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。具体答题策略如下:1.先题后文先读试题，了解试题考点;明确日的，快速捕捉，获取信息。根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下:问题与材料相同一对号入座:问题与原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。3.生词模糊遇到生词;如与答题无关，直接跳过;涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。4.信息补全对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全，总之，应用文类型的阅读文章一般说来比较易理解，文章类型以广告形式居多，设问根据文章的段落秩序，多以细节事实理解为主，答案的寻找可以根据问题中的关键字顺藤摸瓜，辅以适当的推理判断。了解了应用文的措辞和内容特点，我们在实践中总结出解答应用文试题的关键是:抓信息。提示:应用文阅读题做完后，不可轻易改答案，要相信第一感觉。因为第一次解题时思路最清晰，假如没十分把握，以不改为好，防止弄巧成拙。1Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiastic（热情的）reader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedout（检查，结账离开）fromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookon（呈现）anewplaceandanadded（附加的）meaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.

Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonfromgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)andIthinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.1.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.C.Inseparable.D.Casual.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.3.Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A.Sponsorbookfairs.B.Writeforsocialmedia.C.Supportlibraries.D.Purchasehernovels.4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutWritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibrary【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.D1.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,作者从有记忆起就喜欢读书,有时一天能读三本书。由此推知作者与书籍的关系是“不可分离”。故选C项。2.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,作者成为母亲后,她的孩子们也喜欢读书,喜欢去图书馆。由此推断出,画线部分指的是读书的乐趣延续到了下一代人身上。故选B项。3.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第四句内容可知,作者号召其他作家用自己能做到的方式支持图书馆。故选C项。4.D【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了作者对图书馆的热爱。故选D项。2“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids’lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.Iguessthatthere’sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon...Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.”

I’msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere’srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.Inthatsense,I’mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI’dfreelyliketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?1.Whatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraph1?A.Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.B.Sheisn’tgoodatsports.C.Shejustdoesn’twanttovolunteer.D.She’sunabletomeetherschedule.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeelings.C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.B.Sheisproudofherkids.C.She’llworkforanotherseason.D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.4.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?A.Itgivesherasenseofduty.B.Itmakesherveryhappy.C.Itenableshertoworkhard.D.Itbringshermaterialrewards.【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.B1.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“Youcanusemeasalastresort,andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”可知,这位家长让作者最后再考虑她,如果没有其他人当志愿者,她才会做。由此可知,她不想做志愿者工作。2.B【解析】词义猜测题。开头提到这位家长不愿当志愿者,再根据第二段的“Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.”以及下文作者提到的两个例子可知,作者是想让她内心有所触动。对比四个选项可知,B项正确。3.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句“Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.”可知,这位家长安排就餐时间表、发送电子邮件,并且为季末礼品筹款。这些都可表明她是一位好帮手。故选D项。4.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Connectingtothecommunityasyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.”可知,志愿者工作给她带来了快乐。故选B项。3ForthepasttwoyearsIhavebeentravellingandlivingabroad.Homehasbecomemoreofafeelingthanaplace.IfeelathomewhenIamwithmyfamilyinLondon,butIalsofeelathomeinItalywithfriendsIlove.Homeisnolongerapictureofahousewithafrontdoorandsomewindows.Itismorecomplicatedthanthat.ThisisoneofthereasonsthatcelebratingtheNewYearhasbecomeveryimportantforme.Idonotcareabout“NewYear’sresolutions(愿望)”—livingabroadhasmademeconstantlyreconsiderwhatkindofpersonIwanttobeandhowIwilllivemylife,soIdon’tfeeltheneedtoplanforchange:Iliveforchange.NewYear’sEvehasbecomemytimetoreconnectwiththefriends,whichmakesmefeelathome.Everyyearwetrytoreunitewhereverweare,andrememberthetimewhenwekneweachothersowellthatwefeltlikeafamily.Itisamomenttoreconnectandgettoknoweachotheragain.Lastyear,wetravelledtoacottageinIrelandwherewehadnoInternetandnoneighbours.Inthemiddleofthecountryside,awayfromourconstantlychanginglives,wewereabletobecomelikealittlefamilyagain.Thisyear,wewenttoBarcelona.Itwasaverybigchange.Weweresurroundedbycultureandlifeandjoy.Therewerebarsandparties.Itwasdifferent,butonethingstayedverymuchthesame—Ifeltathomeagainandwefeltlikeafamilyagain.AlotofpeoplefeelthatNewYear’sEvecannotliveuptoexpectations.Ideassuchasthe“NewYear’skiss”and“resolutions”createalotofpressureforpeopletohaveanighttoremember,anightthatwillchangetheirlivesandperhapsmakethenextyearoneworthliving.Ithinkthosepeoplearemissingthepoint.IfChristmasisaboutfamily,whycan’tNewYearbeaboutfriends?1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Family. B.Livingabroad.C.Home. D.Stayingwithfriends.2.Whydoesn’ttheauthorcareabout“NewYear’sresolutions”?A.NewYear’sresolutionscannotbereached.B.Hislifestylemakeshimalwaysreadyforchange.C.It’smeaninglesstomakeanybigchangesinlife.D.MakingNewYear’sresolutionscreatesmuchpressure.3.WhatdoestheauthortrytoconveythroughhisexperiencesinIrelandandBarcelona?A.Lifeispeacefulandenjoyable.B.Livingabroadisahappyexperience.C.Stayingwithfriendsmakesonefeelathome.D.Travellingabroadenrichesone’slifeexperience.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.NewYear’sCelebration:How?B.TrueFriendship:What?C.LivingAbroad:ComfortableorComplicated?D.Change:PlanItorMakeIt?【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.A1.C【解析】代词指代题。根据上文的“Homeisnolongerapictureofahousewithafrontdoorandsomewindows.(家不再是一幅有前门和一些窗户的房子的图画)”可知,下文的意思是“家比这更复杂”,所以“It”指代上文提到的“家”。2.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Idonotcareabout‘NewYear’sresolutions’—livingabroadhasmademeconstantlyreconsiderwhatkindofpersonIwanttobeandhowIwilllivemylife,soIdon’tfeeltheneedtoplanforchange:Iliveforchange.”可知,作者不在乎“新年愿望”是因为他的生活方式使他时刻准备着改变,故选B项。3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Inthemiddleofthecountryside,awayfromourconstantlychanginglives,wewereabletobecomelikealittlefamilyagain.”和第四段中的“Itwasdifferent,butonethingstayedverymuchthesame—Ifeltathomeagainandwefeltlikeafamilyagain.”可知,作者试图通过他在爱尔兰和巴塞罗那的经历表达和朋友待在一起让人有回家的感觉。4.A【解析】主旨大意题。文章第三段中的“NewYear’sEvehasbecomemytimetoreconnectwiththefriends,whichmakesmefeelathome.”是全文的主题句,结合全文内容可知,这篇文章主要讲了作者如何看待庆祝新年这个问题,故A项可作为文章的标题。4Growingupinmyhouseholdmeantoftenhearinglivemusic.WhenIwassixyearsold,ItookatraditionalIrishstepdanceclass.Ifellinloveandstuckwithitforthenextsevenyears.DuringthattimemyfatheralsobecamemoreinvolvedintheIrishmusicworld,sohewouldplay,andIwoulddance.Myethnicheritage(族裔归属)isGermanandIrish,butbecauseIwassurroundedbytraditionalIrishmusicanddanceinmyhome,IhavegrowntobemoreinterestedinandconnectedtomyIrishheritage.WhenIstartedinterning(实习)fortheFolklifeFestival,IbecameinterestedintraditionalBasquemusicanddanceandIlearnedthattheirexperiencewithdanceisverysimilartomyown.Therearesofarover170Basqueorganizationsin24countries,withagreaterpopulationofBasquesoutsideoftheBasquecountrythaninit.Theseparationtheyexperiencefromtheirhomelandisbothphysicalandpsychological,sobeingpartofagroupwiththesameinterestsisanimportantsocialsupportsystem.TheseorganizationscontributetothecontinuationofBasqueculture,language,andcommunity,andencouragefuturegenerationstolearnabouttheirethnicheritage.Oneofthewaysthroughwhichtheyachievethisisdance.WhilelearningandperformingBasquedances,theyconnecttotheirheritage,experienceapartoftheirhomeland,preserveBasqueculture,andcreateconnectionsandfriendshipsthatlastalifetime.CalifornianValerieArrecheabeganteachingalongsideherfatherattheageofthirteenandonherownatsixteen.Forher,danceisherpreferredexpressionofheritage;itprovidesawaytobeproudofherBasqueheritage.ThedanceperformancesofNorthAmericanBasqueorganizationshavedevelopedtheinterestofnon-BasqueAmericansaswell.JanetIribarnefromtheBasqueDancersexplainedthattheirorganizationisopentoanyone,andafterseeinghergroupperform,severalofhernon-BasquefriendshavedevelopedtheirownloveofBasquetraditionsaswell.1.Whatisthereasonfortheauthor’spreferenceforIrishdance?A.Herdanceteacher.B.HerloveofIrishmusic.C.Herinterningexperience.D.Herfamily’sstrongrootindance.2.WhatisthepurposeofBasqueorganizations?A.TohelpBasquesinneed.B.TopreserveBasqueculture.C.ToprovidemedicaltreatmentforBasques.D.TosupportoverseasBasquechildrenforeducation.3.What’snon-BasqueAmericans’attitudetowardsBasquedance?A.Theyshownointerestinit.B.Theyfinditdifficulttolearn.C.Theyareenthusiasticaboutit.D.Theyareconcernedaboutitsfuture.【答案】1.D2.B3.C1.D【解析】根据第一段中的“becauseIwassurroundedby...tomyIrishheritage.”可知,作者喜欢爱尔兰舞蹈是源于家庭氛围的熏陶。2.B【解析】根据第三段中的“TheseorganizationscontributetothecontinuationofBasqueculture,language,andcommunity,andencouragefuturegenerationstolearnabouttheirethnicheritage”可知,这些巴斯克组织旨在保护、传承传统文化。3.C【解析】根据末段中的“ThedanceperformancesofNorthAmericanBasqueorganizationshavedevelopedtheinterestofnon-BasqueAmericansaswell”可知,其他美国人对巴斯克舞蹈感兴趣。5Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein,inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive,tellsastoryheheardfromoneofhisfriendsaboutTom,afour-year-oldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination.Tomlovedtopretend,andheparticularlylovedtoplaysuperheroes.Dr.Epsteinexplainedthatitwasactuallyabrilliantwayforhisyoungmindtohandletheterrifyingandpainfullifeheled.Thedaybeforehisthirdtriptotheoperatingroom,Tomwasterriblyafraid.“MaybeIcouldgoasSuperman,”hewhisperedtohismom.Hearingthis,themotherhesitatedforawhile.Shehadavoidedbuyingtheexpensivecostume(戏装),butfinallysheagreed.ThenextdayTomappearedasthepowerfulSuperman,showingoffthroughthehospitalhallsandcoollywavinghishandtothepeoplegreetinghimalongtheway.AndTom,withthestrengthofhisf