《物流专业英语》28《物流专业英语》Unit28JITlogistics第三版新编

授课日期_______年___月___日授课教师授课专业/班级______专业______班级讲授单元Unit28单元讲授时长二学时讲授内容物流术语、课文、课堂练习教学任务：掌握本单元的物流专业术语掌握本单元的核心概念熟悉本单元的常用物流英语表达法熟悉本单元的物流流程第一部分Section1本单元核心术语CoretermsJIT准时制(Just-in-Time)leanproduction精益生产stockdepletion库存损耗overproduction过度生产pricepremium价格贴水totieupcapital占压资金第二部分Section2本单元核心概念CoreconceptsWhatisJIT?什么是JIT？JustinTimeorJITmethodcreatesthemovementofmaterialintoaspecificlocationattherequiredtime,i.e.justbeforethematerialisneededinthemanufacturingprocess.准时制或JIT法在所要求的时间，也就是刚好在制造工序上需要物料前，使物料进入特定的地点。课堂教学之——Step1

单词领读由教师当堂领读生词纠正学生的发音领读完之后给学生留出5分钟的时间来温习单词。课堂教学之——Step2

重点内容掌握核心术语学习时间5分钟课堂教学之——Step3

难点学习理解并背诵核心概念学习时间5分钟课堂教学之——Step4

课文学习理解课文的意思对难句进行语法和结构讲解学习时间30分钟课文学习提示：教师在讲解课文时，除对课文进行翻译之外，还要顺带讲解一下难句的语法结构。WhatisJIT?什么是JIT？JustinTimeorJITmethodcreatesthemovementofmaterialintoaspecificlocationattherequiredtime,i.e.justbeforethematerialisneededinthemanufacturingprocess.准时制或JIT法在所要求的时间，也就是刚好在制造工序上需要物料前，使物料进入特定的地点。Thetechniqueworkswheneachoperationiscloselysynchronizedwiththesubsequentones.当每项操作与随后的数项操作同步进行时，这个技术才起作用。

JITisamethodofinventorycontrolthatbringsmaterialintotheproductionprocess,warehouseortothecustomerjustintimetobeused,whichreducestheneedtostoreexcessivelevelsofmaterialinthewarehouse.JIT是一种存货控制方法，它在准确的使用时间内把物料带到生产进程中、仓库中，或带给客户，这就减少了在仓库中储存过多物料水平的必要性。Stockdepletionrequirespersonneltoordernewstock,whichiscriticaltotheinventoryreductionatthecenterofJIT,andsaveswarehousespaceandcosts,butJITreliesonotherelementsintheinventorychain.库存折耗要求工作人员来订购新库存，这对JIT中心的存货降低至关重要，而且可以节省仓库空间及成本，但是JIT也有赖于存货链上的其它因素。Forinstance,itseffectiveapplicationcannotbeindependentofotherkeycomponentsofaleanmanufacturingsystemoritcan“endupwiththeoppositeofthedesiredresult.”譬如，其高效的应用不能脱离精益生产体制的其他关键要素，否则它就会与理想结果相背而告终。WhatisthephilosophyofJIT?JIT的理念是什么？ThephilosophyofJITissimple:inventoryiswaste.JIT的理念是简单的：存货就是浪费。JITinventorysystemsexposehiddencostofkeepinginventory,andarethereforenotasimplesolutionforacompanytoadopt.JIT存货系统揭示了持有存货的隐形成本，因而对于公司来说要采纳之并不是一个简单的解决方案。Thecompanymustfollowanarrayofnewmethodstomanagetheconsequencesofthechange.公司必须遵循一系列的新方法来管理这一改变所带来的后果。Theideasinthiswayofworkingcomefrommanydifferentdisciplinesincludingstatistics,industrialengineering,productionmanagement,andbehavioralscience.这一条线的工作理念来自于许多不同的学科，包括统计学、工业工程学、生产管理以及行为科学。TheJITinventoryphilosophydefineshowinventoryisviewedandhowitrelatestomanagement.JIT存货管理理念详细说明了如何看待存货及其如何与管理相关联。Inshort,theJust-in-Timeinventorysystemfocusishaving“therightmaterial,attherighttime,attherightplace,andintheexactamount”,withoutthesafetynetofinventory.TheJITsystemhasbroadimplicationsforimplementers.简言之，JIT存货系统的重点是“在正确的时间，正确的地点，以准确的数量来获得正确的材料”，而无需存货安全网的保护。JIT系统对于实施者们来说具有广泛的含意。..Figure1:AJust-in-timeinventorymanagementsystemWhatisthemainbenefitofJIT?JIT有哪些主要好处？ThemainbenefitofJITisthatitcanimproveproductionefficiencyand

thereforecompetitiveness.Itdoesthisby:JIT的主要益处是它能够改进生产效益，并因而提高竞争力，它通过下列各条达到这一点：preventingover-productionminimizingwaitingtimesandtransportcostssavingresourcesbystreamliningyourproductionsystemsreducingthecapitalyouhavetiedupinstockdispensingwiththeneedforinventoryoperationsdecreasingproductdefects预防过度生产最小化等候时间及运输成本通过理顺生产系统来节省资源减少库存中所占压的资本免除存货运营的必要性降低产品缺陷率WhatarethefeaturesoftheJITservice?JIT服务有科哪些特征？OperatorsandcompaniesalikeoftheJITsystemcanalsobringmanyoftheseadvantagestotheircustomers,soifyouhaveaJITapproachitcanwinyounewbusiness.JIT系统的运营商和公司能够为其客户带来许多这方面的优势，所以如果您拥有JIT的方法，这就会给您带来新的业务。FeaturesoftheJITservicemayinclude:bulkandsmallitemstorageonsitecallcentre/helpdesktransportsolutionmanagement24hroperationalcapabilitylocationneartocentralmotorwaysystemsbenefitfrombulkcarrierdeals(Figure2isapracticalmodeloftheJITsystem)JIT服务的特征包括：大宗件及小件储存现场呼叫中心/帮助台运输解决方案管理24小时操作能力接近中心高速公路网位置享受大宗运载交易的益处（图2是JIT系统的实用模型）..Figure2:ApracticalmodeloftheJITsystemJITreducesinventoryinafirm.However,afirmmaysimplybeoutsourcingtheirinputinventorytosuppliers,evenifthosesuppliersdon'tuseJust-in-Time.JIT减少一个公司的存货。然而，公司干脆就可以把库存输入外包给供应商，即使这些供应商不使用准时制。ExpertsinvestigatedthiseffectandfoundthatsuppliersinJapanchargedtheirJITcustomers,onaverage,a5%pricepremium.专家们调查了这种效应，发现日本的供应商平均向其JIT客户收取5%价格贴水（溢价）。以上内容为第一学时内所应完成的内容课堂教学之——Step5

阅读材料提示：这部分内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。ProblemswithinaJITsystem(AToyotaMotorscase)JIT系统内部的问题(丰田汽车案例)Just-in-timeoperationleavessuppliersanddownstreamconsumers（下游消费者）opentosupplyshocks（供应冲击）andlargesupplyordemandchanges.Forinternalreasons,Expertssawthisasafeatureratherthanabug（缺陷）.Theyusedananalogy（类推）ofloweringthewaterlevelinarivertoexposetherockstoexplainhowremovinginventoryshowedwhereproductionflowwasinterrupted（中断）.Oncebarrierswereexposed,theycouldberemoved.Sinceoneofthemainbarrierswasrework,loweringinventoryforcedeachshoptoimproveitsownqualityorcauseaholdupdownstream（引起下游的停顿）.Akeytooltomanagethisweaknessisproductionlevelling（生产找平）toremovethesevariations.Just-in-timeisameanstoimprovingperformanceofthesystem,notanend.Verylowstocklevelsmeansshipmentsofthesamepart（同样零件的出货）cancomeinseveraltimesperday.ThismeansToyotaisespeciallysusceptibletoflowinterruption（容易受到流程的中断）.Forthatreason,Toyotausestwosuppliersformostassemblies.Therewasanexceptiontothisrulethatputtheentirecompanyatriskbecauseofthe1997Aisinfire.However,sinceToyotaalsomakesapointofmaintaininghighqualityrelationswithitsentiresuppliernetwork,severalothersuppliersimmediatelytookupproductionoftheAisin-builtpartsbyusingexistingcapabilityanddocumentation（使用现有的容量和文件）.Thus,astrong,long-termrelationshipwithafewsuppliersisbetterthanshort-term,price-basedrelationshipswithmanycompetingsuppliers.Toyotausesthislong-termrelationshiptosendToyotastafftohelpsuppliersimprovetheirprocesses.Theseinterventions（干预）havebeengoingonfortwentyyearsandhavecreatedamorereliablesupplychain,improvedmargins（边际利润）forToyotaandsuppliers,andloweredpricesforcustomers.ToyotaencouragestheirsupplierstouseJITwiththeirownsuppliers.课堂教学之——Step6

课堂练习提示：这部分内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。

1.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:

WhatisJIT?JustinTimeorJITmethodcreatesthemovementofmaterialintoaspecificlocationattherequiredtime,i.e.justbeforethematerialisneededinthemanufacturingprocess.2.WhatisJITproduction?Just-in-time(JIT)production,sometimescalledleanproduction.Ratherthanproducinggoodsandsupplyingcustomersfromstock,

JITprocessesfocusonproducingexactlytheamountthatisrequiredatexactlythetimethecustomersneedit.3.WhatisthephilosophyofJIT?ThephilosophyofJITissimple:inventoryiswaste.JITinventorysystemsexposehiddencostofkeepinginventory,andarethereforenotasimplesolutionforacompanytoadopt.Thecompanymustfollowanarrayofnewmethodstomanagetheconsequencesofthechange.Theideasinthiswayofworkingcomefrommanydifferentdisciplinesincludingstatistics,industrialengineering,productionmanagement,andbehavioralscience.TheJITinventoryphilosophydefineshowinventoryisviewedandhowitrelatestomanagement.4.WhatisthemainbenefitofJIT?ThemainbenefitofJITisthatitcanimproveproductionefficiencyand

thereforecompetitiveness.Itdoesthisby:preventingover-productionminimizingwaitingtimesandtransportcostssavingresourcesbystreamliningyourproductionsystemsreducingthecapitalyouhavetiedupinstockdispensingwiththeneedforinventoryoperations

2.PutthefollowingwordsorphrasesintoChinese:manufacturingprocess

JustinTime

besynchronizedwith

inventorycontrol

productionprocess

excessivelevelsofmaterial

Just-in-time(JIT)production

leanproduction

supplyfromstock

stockdepletioninventoryreductionwarehousesp