专题04阅读理解（议论文）-备战2023年高考英语母题题源解密（解析版）

专题04阅读理解(议论文)【母题来源一】2021年全国普通高等学校招生全国统一考试甲卷【母题题文】DWhoisagenius(天才)?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbol（象征）forgenius.Butwewanttogobeyond（超越，超过）onemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligent（聪明的，勤奋的）orcreative（有创造力的）thantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin（起源）.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthat（据说）historyiswrittenbythevictors（胜利者）,andthosevictorssetthestandards（标准）foradmission（允许进入，入场费）tothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledged（不被认可的，不被承认的）andrejected（拒绝）byothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbyScience（过去分词做后置定语）foundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性别)are“really,reallysmart.”Evenworse（更糟糕的是）,thestudyfoundthatgirlsacton（按…行事）thatbelief（信念）:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoid（避免）activitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordto（经受得起，买得起）haveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouraged（挫败的，没有勇气的）andgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawired（联网的，焦虑的）worldwithconstant（连续不断的）globalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtosee（处于做…的位置）flashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,(the+比较级…the+比较级.越…越…)andclassdonotdetermine(决定)theappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareableto（能够）changetheworld.”12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?A.They'reunfair. B.They'reconservative（保守的）.C.They'reobjective(客观的). D.They'restrict.（严格的，严肃的）13.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?A.Theythinkthemselvessmart（聪明的）.B.Theylookupto（尊敬）greatthinkers.C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D.Theyarelikelyto（可能）beinfluenced（影响）bysocialbeliefs14.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A.Improvedglobalcommunication.B.Lessdiscrimination（歧视）againstwomen.C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts（理念，概念）.D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GeniusesThinkAlike（相似） B.GeniusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligence D.GeniusandLuck【答案】12.A13.D14.A15.B【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。12.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Itissaidthathistoryiswrittenbyvictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.(据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。13.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief.Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。14.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.(在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。15.B【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Whoisagenius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance,andsimplegeniuses,whoareabletochangetheworld.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。【母题来源二】2022全国普通高等学校招生全国统一考试乙卷【母题题文】BIn1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden’sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentaileddrillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(坚忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”24.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A.Toteachinaschool. B.TostudyAmericanhistory.C.Towriteabook. D.Todosightseeing.25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect. B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids. D.Theysufferedseverehardships(艰难).26.WhichpartofWickenden’swritingishair-raising?A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn. B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies. D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.27.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview(书评). C.Achildren’sstory. D.Adiaryentry.【答案】24.A25.D26.C27.B【导语】这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了DorothyWickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。24.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.-DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.(1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——DorothyWoodruff和RosamondUnderwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。25.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。26.C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentaileddrillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。27.B【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.(Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。【课程标准解读】随着近几年高考改革的不断深入，阅读理解更强调对阅读速度、知识面和理解能力的考查。议论文是考生最容易失分的文体，因其信息承载量大，选材偏离生活常识，阅读量最大。阅读本身要求速度快，议论文中词汇、句式又高级复杂，更加深了学生对这一文体的恐惧。因此学生在扩大视野、拓展知识面的同时，有必要掌握一些议论文阅读技巧，这样才能在阅读理解这一重头戏中一锤定音。【命题意图】【考试方向】议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。【得分要点】议论文的阅读和其他题材的阅读一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词意理解等几种出题方式。做题技巧有以下几种：一，重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨。标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。根据主题句可以知道文章议论的是什么。二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解。除主旨题外，细节理解也是阅读理解中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。对于这种题，无论细节题如何变换形式，立足点都应从文章中找出相应的词句作为依据。（2020届广东省肇庆市高三质量监测）Morethan(超过，多于)abillionpeoplearoundtheworldhavesmartphones,almostallofwhichcomewithsomekindofnavigationappsuchasAppleMapsorAmap.Thisraisestheage-oldquestionwemeetwithanytechnology:Whatabilitiesisourbrainlosingtotheseapps?Butalso,importantly:Whatabilitiesarewegaining?Talkingwithpeoplewhoaregoodat（擅长）findingtheirwayaroundorgoodatusingpapermaps,Ioftenhearalotofannoyancewithdigitalmaps.North/southdirectiongetsmessedup,andyoucanseeonlyasmallsectionatatime.Icanreallyunderstandthatitmaybequitedisturbing（令人烦恼的）forthealreadyskilledtobelimitedto（受限于）asmallphonescreen.Butconsiderwhatdigitalnavigationaidshavemeantforsomeonelikeme.Althoughbeingafrequenttraveler,I'msoterribleatfindingmywaythatIstilluseAppleMapsalmosteverydayinthesmalltownwhereIhavelivedformanyyears.Inmanydevelopednations,streetnamesandhousenumberscanbemeaningful（有意义的）,andinstructionssuchasgonorthforthreeblocksand──thenwest’’makesense（讲得通，有意义）tothosefamiliarwith（对…熟悉）theserules.InIstanbul,however,whereIgrewup,noneofthoseholdtrue.Foronething（一方面）,thelocalsseldom（很少）usestreetnames.Besides,thecityisfullof（充满）windingandancientalleys(小巷)thatcrosswithneweravenuesatmanyangles.Insuchplaces,you’dbetter（最好）turnto（向…求助）thelocals.Inthecountryside,however,thereisoftennobodyoutsidetoask.Infact,alongcameAppleMaps,likeafairygrandmotherwhispering（耳语）directionsinmyear.Sincethen,Itravelwithalotmoreconfidence,andmyworldhasopenedup.Whichbringsmebacktomyoriginal（原始的）question:Whileweoftenlosesomeskillsafterdependingon（依赖）newtechnology,thisnewequipmentmayalsoallowusto（允许…做）gainnewabilities.Maybewhentechnologyclosesadoor,weshouldalsolookfor（寻找）thedoorsitopens.12．Whydopeoplewhoareskilledat（擅长）readingpapermapsfeelupset?A．Theyareinterestedin（对…感兴趣）readingpapermaps,B．Theydon’tknowhowtousenavigation,apps.C．Theyarelimitedtoasinglesmartphoneapp.D．Theyareconfused（困惑的）bydigitalmaps’direction.13．Accordingtothetext,whichisthebestwaytofindthedestinationinIstanbul?A．Askinglocalpeopletheway.B．Followingthenavigationapp.C．Gettingfamiliarwiththecityrules.D．Lookingforstreetnamesandhousenumbers.14．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthenavigationapps?A．Cautious（小心的，谨慎的） B．Ambiguous（模棱两可的）C．Favorable（支持的，赞同的） D．Critical（批判的）15．Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．BenefitsofNavigationAppsB．Disadvantages（缺点）ofNavigationAppsC．MyWorldOpensUpbyNewTechnologyD．HaveNavigationAppsWorsenedOurBrain?【答案】12．D13．A14．C15．D【导语】这是一篇议论文。每天都有很多人通过智能手机使用导航程序，人们对此态度不一，作者认为导航程序很实用，并且也可能让我们获得新的能力。12．D细节理解题。根据第二段中“North/southdirectiongetsmessedup,andyoucanseeonlyasmallsectionatatime.”可知，擅长使用纸质地图的人认为电子地图会混淆南北方向，一次只能看一小部分内容，这令他们感觉不安。故选D项。13．A细节理解题。根据第四段中“Insuchplaces,you’dbetterturntothelocals.”可知，在伊斯坦布尔这样的地方，最好向当地人求助。故选A项。14．C推理判断题。根据第三段中“Althoughbeingafrequenttraveler,I'msoterribleatfindingmywaythatIstilluseAppleMapsalmosteverydayinthesmalltownwhereIhavelivedformanyyears.”及最后一段中“Whileweoftenlosesomeskillsafterdependingonnewtechnology,thisnewequipmentmayalsoallowustogainnewabilities.”可知，作者几乎每天使用电子地图，并且认为这样的设备也可能让我们获得新的能力，所以作者对导航程序的态度是支持的。故选C项。15．D主旨大意题。文章第一段提出问题“Whatabilitiesisourbrainlosingtotheseapps?”，第二段提到人们对电子地图的否定态度，第三、四段通过具体分析表明自己对导航程序的支持态度，最后一段总结全文。所以D项“导航应用让我们的大脑变得更糟了吗?”最适合作本文标题。故选D项。（2020届广东省珠海市高三三模）Chengdu,thecapitalofSichuanprovince,hasanancientcompetition（比赛，竞争）withChongqing,acitytoitssouth-east.ResidentsofChongqingaccusedtheirChengducousinsofbeingpompous(自大的).ThepeopleofChongqingwerehotheads,Chengduresidentsshotback.Bothcitiessharealoveofspice-ladenSichuancuisine,whichinrecentdecadeshasoccupied（占居）Chinesedinnertables.Buttheyareatwar（处于战争中）overwhichhasthebestSichuanhotpot（定语从句）—atypeofDIY-cookingthatinvolves（涉及，包含，关于）boilingvegetablesandslicesofmeatwithchilliesandnumbingpeppercorns.Aprivate（隐私的）museuminChongqing,openedseveralyearsago,makesthecasefortheChongqing-stylehotpot.Itdescribeshowitdevelopedfromamethodusedto（后置定语，被用来…）makecheapoffcutsofmeattastedelicious.ButChengduisplayingcatch-up.InJanuarythecitysoldaplotoflandonconditionthat（假如，在…条件下）thedeveloperbuildahotpotmuseumonpartofit.ThetwocitiesareamongmanyinChinawiththeirownstylesofhotpot.HotpotrestaurantsinChinaaremoreprofitable（获利的，有益的）thanotherkinds.Haidilao,awell-knownSichuan-basedhotpotchain,raisednearly$1bnwhenitwaslistedontheHongKongStockExchange(股票交易所)inSeptember.NotallChinesewarmtohotpot.SomeolderSichuaneserefuseto（拒绝…）beconnectedwith（与…有联系）it.Theycomplain（抱怨）thatitiscausingoveruse（滥用）ofchilliinotherdishesthatcoveruptheoriginalgenuineflavours.ButChengdu’splansforamuseumsuggestthatSichuanhotpotisnotonlygrowinginpopularity（流行）,butisalsobecomingsymbolic（象征...）.IfitcansettheWestonfire,officialsmayhopeitwillbecomeadeliciousnewsourceofChinesesoftpower.Therewillbeplentyof(许多)glory（荣誉）forbothChengduandChongqingtotakepridein（以…为荣）ifthathappens.4．WhyareChengduandChongqingcompetingwitheachother?A．BecauseChengdupeoplethinkChongqingpeoplearepompous.B．BecauseChengduresidents（居民）liketoshootbackinbattles.C．Becausetheyboththinktheyarebetterat（擅长）eatingspicyfood.D．BecausetheybothbelievetheyhavethebestSichuanhotpot.5．WhatisthepurposeofbuildingahotpotmuseuminChengdu?A．TocompetewithChongqing. B．ToadvertiseSichuancuisine.C．Toshowtheirloveforhotpot. D．Tokeepthehotpottradition.6．Whatcanweinferabouthotpotfromthelastparagraph?A．Thetwocitieshavecompetedonlyinrecentdecades.B．Morehotpotmuseumswillbebuiltinthefuture.C．HotpotisalreadyasourceofChinesesoftpower.D．Peopleholdahighexpectationforhotpotculture.7．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．GrowingPopularityofHotpotinTwoCitiesB．TwoCities’WarOverTastiestSichuanHotpotC．“NoHotpot,NoHappiness”TrueinFoodBusinessD．PrivateMuseuminChongqingOpenedFirst【答案】4．D5．A6．D7．B【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章首段提到，两城就谁做的火锅最好的争论引出论题，随后结合事实：两城先后建立博物馆，相互竞争，最终归结到一点：火锅在国际上的受欢迎程度将会给两城人民带来荣耀，这是政府和人民的期望。4．D细节理解题。结合题干关键词ChengduandChongqingcompetingwitheachother可以定位到第一段第一句。Chengdu,…,hasanancientcompetitionwithChongqing,根据第一段最后一句ButtheyareatwaroverwhichhasthebestSichuanhotpot—atypeofDIY-cookingthatinvolvesboilingvegetablesandslicesofmeatwithchiliesandnumbingpeppercorns.但是双方还在为谁的火锅最好而争论不休。可知，他们两个城市争论的焦点在于“谁的火锅最好”，选项D符合题意。故选D项。5．A推理判断题。结合题干关键词buildingahotpotmuseuminChengdu定位到文章的第二段最后两句ButChengduisplayingcatch-up.InJanuarythecitysoldaplotoflandonconditionthatthedeveloperbuildahotpotmuseumonpartofit.但是成都正在迎头赶上。一月份成都卖了一块地，条件是开发商在里面建一座火锅博物馆。结合本段前两句AprivatemuseuminChongqing,openedseveralyearsago,makesthecasefortheChongqing-stylehotpot.Itdescribeshowitdevelopedfromamethodusedtomakecheapoffcutsofmeattastedelicious.几年前重庆开了一家私人博物馆，来证明重庆火锅的特色。博物馆展示了重庆火锅从便宜的边角肉片尝起来美味的发展过程。以及最后一段第一句：ButChengdu’splansforamuseumsuggestthatSichuanhotpotisnotonlygrowinginpopularity,butisalsobecomingsymbolic.但是成都的博物馆计划表明，四川火锅不仅越来越受欢迎，而且正变得具有象征意义。比较内容可以得出，重庆开了私人博物馆，来展示了重庆火锅从便宜的边角肉片尝起来美味的发展过程，证明重庆火锅的特色；成都卖了一块地，让开发商在里面建一座火锅博物馆，说明四川火锅不仅越来越受欢迎，而且正变得具有象征意义。此举动同样是两城在争斗上的一个表现。选项A符合题意。故选A项。6．D推理判断题。理解最后一段内容：但是成都的博物馆计划表明，四川火锅不仅越来越受欢迎，而且正变得具有象征意义。如果它能点燃西方人们的吃火锅的欲望，官员们可能希望它能成为中国软实力的一个诱人的新来源。如果这种情况发生，成都和重庆都会有足够的荣耀值得骄傲。可以得出结论，火锅在国际上的受欢迎程度将会给两城人民带来荣耀，这是政府和人民的期望。选项D符合题意。故选D项。7．B主旨大意题。文章首段提到，两城就谁做的火锅最好的争论引出论题，随后结合事实：两城先后建立博物馆，相互竞争，最终归结到一点：火锅在国际上的受欢迎程度将会给两城人民带来荣耀，这是政府和人民的期望。所以，文章的标题应该是：两城之争：谁做出了最好吃的四川火锅。选项B符合题意。故选B项。（2022·河北衡水中学模拟预测）Whilemanyofusmayhavebeenawaysomewherenicelastsummer,fewwouldsaythatwe’ve“summered.”“Summer”isclearlyanoun,moreprecisely,averbednoun.Waybackinourchildhood,wealllearnedthedifferencebetweenanounandaverb.Withsuchatidydefinition(定义),itwaseasyto（做…容易）spotthedifference.Notsoinadulthood,whereweareexpectedto（应该，被期待）“foot”bills,“chair”committees,and“dialogue”withpoliticalopponents（对手）.Chancesareyoudidn’tfeeluncomfortable（不舒适的）aboutthesightofthoseverbednouns.“TheverbingofnounsisasoldastheEnglishlanguage,”saysPatriciaO’Conner,aformereditoratTheNewYorkTimesBookReview.Expertsestimate（估算）that20percentofallEnglishverbswereoriginallynouns.Andthephenomenon（现象）seemsto（似乎…）besnowballing.Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.Eventhough（即使）conversion(转化)isquiteuniversal(普遍的，宇宙的),plentyofgrammariansobjectto（反对）thepractice.WilliamStrunkJr.andE.B.White,inTheElementsofStyle—theBiblefortheuseofAmericanEnglish—havethistosay:“Manynounslatelyhavebeenpressedintoserviceasverbs.Notallarebad,butallaresuspect.”TheChicagoManualofStyletakesasimilar（相似的）standpoint,advisingwriterstouseverbswithgreatcare（小心地）.“Sometimespeopleobjecttoanewverbbecausetheyresist（抵抗，抵制）whatisunfamiliartothem,”saysO’Conner.That’swhywe’recomfortable“hosting”aparty,butwemightfeelupset（沮丧的，失望的）bythethoughtof“medaling”insports.Soarethereanyrulesforverbing?BenjaminDreyer,copychiefatRandomHouse,doesn’tofferarule,butsuggeststhatpeoplethinktwiceabout“verbifying”anounifit’seasilyreplaceablebyanalreadyexistingpopularverb.Makesureit’sdescriptivebutnotsilly-sounding,hesays.Intheend,however,styleissubjective.EasyconversionofnounstoverbshasbeenpartofEnglishgrammarforcenturies;itisoneoftheprocessesthatmakeEnglish“English.”Noteverycoinage(新创的词语)passesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendverbingaltogether,forgetit.9.Whatcanwelearnabouttheverbingofnouns?A.Ithasn’trecentlybeenopposed（反对）bymanygrammarians.B.Itismorecommonly（普遍的）acceptedbychildrenthanadults.C.Ithasn’tbeenararephenomenoninthepastcentury.D.Itiseasilyreplacedbyexistingverbsinpractice10.Whatismostleadingexperts’attitudetowardsthepracticeoftheverbingofnouns?A.Cautious.（谨慎的） B.Satisfied.C.Disappointed. D.Unconcerned（无忧无虑的，漠不关心的，不担心的）.11.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofendingtheverbingofnouns?A.Predictable（可预言的，可预测的）. B.Practicable（切实可行的）.C.Approaching. D.Impossible.12.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Are40Percentofallnewverbsfromnouns？B.AreSummeringandMedalingAnnoying?C.AreYouComfortableaboutaNewVerb?D.AreThereAnyRulesforVerbing?【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西。文章就此展开了讨论。9.C推理判断题。根据第三段的Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.（自1900年以来，大约40%的新动词来自名词）可知，我们知道在过去的一个世纪里，名词动用并不是罕见的现象。故选C。10.A推理判断题。根据第四段的Notallarebad,butallaresuspect.（不是所有的都是坏的，但所有的都是可疑的）和TheChicagoManualofStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,advisingwriterstouseverbswithgreatcare.（《芝加哥文体手册》也持类似观点，建议作者小心使用动词）可知，对于名词动用的用法，大多数的专家持谨慎的态度。故选A。11.D推理判断题。根据最后一段的Noteverycoinage(新创的词语)passesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendverbingaltogether,forgetit.（并不是所有的造词都被广泛使用，但是想要完全停止动词的使用，还是算了吧）可知，作者认为结束名词动用用法的使用是不可能的，故选D。12.B主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章的可知，英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度，但是完全杜绝这类词的使用又是不可能的。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西，用正反两个观点来说明这类名词动用的语言现象是否受人欢迎，故引用文章中的名词动用的两个词Summering和Medaling来进行概括，故B选项（Summering和Medaling很讨厌吗？）可以作为本文标题，故选B。（2022·天津·耀华中学模拟预测）OncewhenIwasfacingadecisionthatinvolvedhighrisk,Iwenttoafriend.Helookedatmeforamoment,andthenwroteasentencecontaining（包含）thebestadviceI’veeverhad:Beboldandbrave—andmighty(强大的)forceswillcometoyouraid(帮助).ThosewordsmademeseeclearlythatwhenIhadfallenshortinthepast,itwasseldombecauseIhadtriedandfailed.ItwasusuallybecauseIhadletfearoffailurestopmefrom（阻止…做…）tryingatall.Ontheotherhand,wheneverIhadplungedintodeepwater,forcedbycourageorcircumstance(过去分词做状语),IhadalwaysbeenabletoswimuntilIgotmyfeetonthegroundagain.Boldness（大胆，与众不同）meansadecisiontobiteoffmorethanyoucaneat.Andthereisnothingmysterious（奇怪的，神秘莫测的）aboutthemighty（强大的）forces.Theyarepotential（潜在的）powerswepossess:energy,skill,soundjudgment,creativeideas—evenphysicalstrengthgreaterthanmostofusrealize.Admittedly（无可否认的，诚然）,thosemightyforcesarespiritual（精神上的）ones.Buttheyaremoreimportantthanphysicalones.Acollegeclassmateofmine,Tim,wasanexcellentfootballplayer,eventhoughheweighedmuchlessthantheaverageplayer.“InonegameIsuddenlyfoundmyselfconfronting（面临）ahugeplayer,whohadnothingbut（只有）mebetweenhimandourgoalline,”saidTim.“IwassofrightenedthatIclosedmyeyesanddesperately（拼命地，绝望地）threwmyselfatthatguylikeabullet（子弹）—andstoppedhimcold.”Boldness—awillingnesstoextend（延伸）yourselftotheextreme（到达极限）—isnotonethatcanbeacquired（获得）overnight（一夜之间）.Butitcanbetaughttochildrenanddevelopedinadults.Confidencebuildsup（建立）.Surely,therewillbesetbacks(挫折)anddisappointmentsinlife;boldnessinitself（本身）isnoguarantee（担保）ofsuccess.Butthepersonwhotriestodosomethingandfails（定语从句）isalotbetteroffthanthepersonwhotriestodonothingandsucceed（定语从句）.So,alwaystrytolivealittlebit（享受生活）beyondyourabilities—andyou’llfindyourabilitiesaregreaterthanyoueverdreamed.44.Whywastheauthorsometimesunabletoreachhisgoalinthepast?A.Hefacedhugerisks.B.Helackedmightyforces.C.Fearpreventedhimfrom（阻止…做…）trying.D.Failureblocked（阻挡）hiswaytosuccess.45.Whatistheimpliedmeaningoftheunderlinedpart?A.Swallow（吞咽）morethanyoucandigest（消化）.B.Actslightlyaboveyourabilities.C.Developmoremysteriouspowers.D.Learntomakecreativedecisions.46.WhatwasespeciallyimportantforTim’ssuccessfuldefenseinthefootballgame?A.Hisphysicalstrength.B.Hisbasicskill.C.Hisrealfear.D.Hisspiritualforce.47.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph5?A.Confidencegrowsmorerapidlyinadults.B.Tryingwithoutsuccessismeaningless(无意义的).C.Repeatedfailurecreatesabetterlife.D.Boldnesscanbegainedlittlebylittle（逐渐地）.48.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toencouragepeopletobecourageous（有勇气的）.B.Toadvisepeopletobuildupphysicalpower.C.Totellpeoplethewaystoguaranteesuccess.D.Torecommend（推荐，建议）peopletodevelopmoreabilities.【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者联系自己的经历说明了胆量的重要性，并鼓励人们有勇气和胆量。44.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段ItwasusuallybecauseIhadletfearoffailurestopmefromtryingatall.可知,这通常是因为我让失败的恐惧阻止了我去尝试。所以作者过去没能达成目标是因为他害怕失败。故选C。45.B推理判断题。根据第三段Theyarepotentialpowerswepossess：energy，skill，soundjudgment，creativeideas-evenphysicalstrengthgreaterthanmostofusrealize.可知强大的力量也没有什么神秘，我们都有比自己意识到的更大的潜在力量，甚至包括体力，而划线部分的原意为吃得比你能吃的多，由此可推断划线句子的隐含意思指"你做的事情要比你能做的事情多。故选B。46.D细节理解题。根据第四段首句中Admittedly,thosemightyforcesarespiritualones.可知，诚然，这些强大的力量是精神力量。所以精神力量对蒂姆在足球比赛中成功的防守特别重要。故选D。47.D细节理解题。根据第五段首句Boldness—awillingnesstoextendyourselftotheextreme—isnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight.可知胆量——愿意将自己延伸到极限——不是一朝一夕就能获得的。所以胆量是一点点获得的。故选D。48.A推理判断题。根据最后一段So,alwaystrytolivealittlebitbeyondyourabilities—andyou’llfindyourabilitiesaregreaterthanyoueverdreamed.可知，所以，永远试着超越你的能力去生活，你会发现你的能力比你梦想的还要强大。所以判断出作者写这篇短文的目的就是鼓励人们要有胆量。故选A。（2022·天津市咸水沽第一中学模拟预测）Asyouareprobablyaware,thelatestjobmarketsnewsisn’tgood:Unemploymentisstillmorethan9percent,andnewjobgrowthhasfallencloseto(接近)zero.That’sbadfortheeconomy,ofcourse.Anditmaybeespeciallydiscouraging（令人受挫的）ifyouhappento（碰巧）belookingforajoborhopingtochangecareersrightnow.Butitactuallyshouldn’tmattertoyounearlyasmuchasyouthink.That’sbecausejobgrowthnumbersdon’tmatter（重要）tojobhuntersasmuchasjobturnoverdata.Afterall,existingjobsopenupeverydayduetopromotions（晋升）,resignations,terminations,andretirements.(Yes,peopleareretiringeveninthiseconomy.)Inbothgoodtimesandbad,turnovercreatesmoreopeningsthaneconomicgrowthdoes.EveninJuneof2007,whentheeconomywasstillhummingalong,jobgrowthwasonly132,000,whileturnoverwas4.7million!Andasitturnsout（结果）,eventoday—withjobgrowthnearzero—over4millionjobhuntersarebeinghiredeverymonth.Idon’tmeantoimplythatoveralljobgrowthdoesn’thaveanimpacton（对…有影响）one’sabilitytolandajob.It’struethat（主语从句）iftotalemploymentwerehigher,itwouldmeanmorejobsforallofustochoosefrom(andcompetefor).Andit’struethattherearecurrentlymorepeopleapplyingfor（申请）eachavailable（可得到的）jobopening,regardlessofwhetherit’sanewoneornot.Butwhatoftendistinguishesthosewholandjobs（定语从句）from（区别）thosewhodon’t（定语从句）istheirabilitytostaymotivated（不定式作定语）.They’rewillingto（愿意做…）dothehardworkofidentifying（识别）theirvaluableskills;becreativeaboutwhereandhowtolook;learnhowtopresentthemselves