山东省淄博市2025-2026学年高三年级上册1月期末英语（解析版）

淄博市2025-2026学年度第一学期高三摸底质量检测

英悟试卷

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号等填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改

动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本

试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到

答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题海小题L5分，满分7・5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。

1.Whatisthewomangoingtodonext?

A.Doanexperiment.B.Offerthemanalift.C.Pickupherkids.

2.Whowillbeabsentfromdinnerthisweekend?

A.Lisa.B.Bob.C.Dave.

3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Trafficlights.B.Colorblindness.C.Eyeglasses.

4.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodomostattheclub?

A.ReadShakespeare'splays.

B.VisitShakespearefestivals.

C.ActinShakespeare'splays.

5.Whatlimedoesthemanwantthewoman（osetheralarmfbr?

A.5:30.B.6:00.C.7:00.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选

出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将

给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whenwillthemanreceiveamedicalcheck-up?

A.ThisWednesday.B.ThisThursday.C.ThisFriday.

7.Whatmedicaltestdoesthewomanrecommendto（heman?

A.AnECG.B.Abloodtest.C.AchestX-ray.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

AFriends.B.Neighbors.C.Couple.

9.WhatisHenrymostprobablyinterestedin?

A.Playingsports.B.Exploringralure.C.Creatingartworks.

10.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?

A.Lookforanewspaper.B.GoontheInternet.C.Makeaphonecall.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11.HowdocsthewomanfeelaboutgoingtoFrance?

A.Nervous.B.Excited.C.Proud.

12.Whichyearofcollegeis（hemarprobablyinnow?

A.Thesecondyear.B.Thethirdyear.C.Thefourthyear.

13.WhatwillthewomanprobablydoaftergettingtoFrance?

A.Takeapart-timejob.B.Startanewhobby.C.Joinastudentclub.

听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14.Whatistheman'sattitudetowardthenewrule?

A.Ambiguous.B.Supportive.C.Disapproving.

15.Whydocsthemanmentionanationalsurvey?

A.Toshowchildrenhavetoomuchscreentime.

B.Toprovesomewebsitesarehelpful.

C.Toexplaingamesharmkids.

16.Whatisthemainproblemfbrthewoman'sson?

A.Poorsocialskills.B.Physicaltiredness.C.Lowgrades.

听第10段材料，回答第"至20题。

17.Whoinspiredthespeakertostartskiing?

A.Hermother.B.Herfather.C.Herbrother.

18.Whatdidthespeakerdoin2018?

A.SheattendedherfirstOlympicGames.

B.Shebecameaprofessionalathlete.

C.Shestartedcross-countryskiing.

19.WhatgavethebiggestimpressiononthespeakeratBeijing2022?

A.Receivingamedal.B.Enteringfourevents.C.Beingtheflagbearer.

20.Howdocsthespeakersoundintheend?

A.Humorous.B.Satisfied.C.Regretful.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

BatteryManagementSystems:FromConventionaltoIntelligent

Withiherapiddevelopmentofelectricvehicles（EVs）andlarge-scaleenergystorage,batterymanagement

systems(BMSs)havegrownessential,ensuringbatterysafety,extendinglifespan,andboostingperformance.Battery

cells,evenfromthesameproductior.line,varyduetomanufacturingtolerancesandusagehabits,riskingimbalance,

overcharging,andunevenheatingwithoutpropermanagement.

Fig.1Influenceofcellbehaviouronvehicleperformance

LimitationsofConventionalBMSs(CBMSs)

ConventionalBMSs,developedintheearly1990s,onlyconductbasicmonitoringofvoltage(电压)current,

andtemperatureviasimplestateestimationalgorithms.Theylackadvancedfunctionssuchaspredictivemaintenance

andhavelowaccuracyincomplexconditions.

InnovationofIntelligentBMS(1BMS)

Tosolvetheseissues,technologieslikecloudcomputing,loT(InternetofThings),anddigitaltwinhavebeen

integrated,givingrisetoIntelligentBMS(IBMS).Itadoptsancnd-cdgc-cloudmulti-layerarchitecture:endBMS

collectsreal-timecelldata,edgeBMSprocessestime-sensitivetaskslocally,andcloudBMShandlescomplexwork.

ArtificialIntelligencefurtherenhancesmonitoringaccuracy.

Fig.2Pyramid(金字塔)ofhierarchy(分层结构)levelsinvolvedin

buildinganadvancedintelligentbatterymanagementsystem(IBMS)architecture.

ChallengesandFutureofIBMS

IBMSfacestechnical,socialandcommercialchallenges.Yetitisthefutureofbatterymanagement,supporting

EVs,sustainabledevelopment.Astechnologiesadvance,thesedifficultieswillbeovercome,andIBMSisexpected

tobecomeastandardforenergystoragesystems.

1.WhatisthemainfunctionofBMSs?

A.ToimproveEVproductionefficiency.

B.Tocollectweatherdataforvehicleoperation.

C.Toensurebatterysafetyandenhanceperformance.

D.Toreducemanufacturingtolerancesofbatterycells.

2.WhatcanwelearnfromFig.1?

A.PackBehaviouriscompletelydelerminedbyexternalWeatherProfiles.

B.VehicleOutputs,likeEfficiency,areinfluencedbyCellBehaviour.

C.CellDegradationhaslittleeffectontheVehicleBehaviour.

D.DriveProfilesareacomponentofVehicleOutputs.

3.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheIBMSarchitecture?

A.Itfeaturesamulti-levelarchitecture.

B.Itfailstointegratedigitaltwinintothestructure.

C.Itmainlyreliesoncloudcomputingtoprocesstasks.

D.Ithasbeenwidelyappliedtoenergystoragesystems.

【答案】l.C2.B3.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍电池管理系统的作用、传统系统的局限、智能系统的创新及未

来挑战。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据笫一段中“Willtherapiddevelopmentofelectricvehicles（EVs）andlarge-scaleenergy

storage,battei-ymanagementsystems（BMSs）havegrownessential,ensuringbatterysafety,extendinglifespan,and

boostingperformance^随着电动汽车和大规模储能的快速发展，电池管理系统变得至关重要，可确保电池安

全、延长寿命并提升性能）”可知，BMS的主要功能是保障电池安全、提升性能。故选C。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据Fig.1Influenceofcellbehaviouronvehicleperformance可知，CellBehaviour（电池单体行

为）影响PackBehaviour（电池包行为），而PackBehaviour又影响VehicleBehaviour（车辆行为），包含

Efficiency（效率）等VehicleOulpuls（车辆输出指标），因此车辆输出，如效率，受电池单体行为影响。故选

Bo

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中“Itadoptsanend-cdge-cloudmulti-layerarchitecture:endBMScollectsreal-time

celldata,edgeBMSprocesses（ime-sensitivetaskslocally,andcloudBMShandlescomplexwork.（它采用端-边-

云多层架构：终端BMS收集实时电池单体数据，边缘BMS本地处理时间敏感任务，云BMS处理复杂工

作）”以及Fig.2的金字塔分层结构可知，IBMS具有多层级架构的特点。故选A。

B

Fortheentiresemesterofmyseniorphysicsclass,aquietmysteryunfoldeddaily.Itwasn'tthecomplexlaws

oniheboardthatultimatelystayedwithme,but（heconsistenttenminutesofsilencebeforeeachlecturebegan.Mr.

Davies,knownforhisenergeticandengagingteachingstyle,wouldentertheroom,placehisnotesonthedesk,and

thensimplysit.Hisgaze,oftendirectedoutthewindowatatoweringpinetree,seemeddistant.Acupofteasteamed

andthencooledbesidehim,untouched.

We,agroupoftypicallyrestlessseventeen-year-olds,initiallyfidgeted（躁动），whispered,andwondered.Was

hetired?Disappointedinus?Daydreaming?Asweekspassed,agradualchangeoccurred.Thewhisperedquestions

dieddown.Therestlessmovementsstilled.Withoutasinglewordcfinstruction,theroomlearnedtosettleintoa

collective,respectfulquiet.Itbecameastrange,sharedroutine.Icametoseeitashispersonalpreparationtime,a

teacher'sbriefmentalshiftfromthechaos（混乱）of（heworld（otheorderofscience.

Thetruth,however,wasfarmoreseriousandremainedhiddenforyears.Ilearneditonlyataclassreunion,a

decadelater,fromanoldcolleagueofhis.Thatveryyear,Mr.Davies'wifehadbeenbattlingasevere,long-term

illness.Thosesilentminuteswerenotforpreparation,butforpreservation—hisonlyprivatemomenttogather

enoughstrengthtofaceus,toperformtheroleofthelivelyteacherweallexpected.Heneithermentioneditnorlet

theshadowcrosshisclassroomdoorway.

Yet,inthatunspoken,sharedspace,hetaughtalessonmoreprofoundthananycurriculumcouldcontain.We

hadunknowinglywitnessedquietdignity,theimmensestrengthrequiredtobearpersonalburdenswhilefaithfully

fulfillingone'sduties.Theclassroom,Irealized,hadheldnotjustateacherofphysics,butamanteaching,through

simpleexample,theweightandgraceofadulthood.

4.WhyisMr.Daviesdescribedasstillanddistant?

A.Tostresshislivelyteachingstyle.

B.Toimplyanunknownpersonalstruggle.

C.Tocausethestudents,initialconfusion.

D.Tosuggestafadingpassionforteaching.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph2referto?

A.Thesinglewordofinstruction.

B.Theshiftinstudents'behavior.

C.Thetimeformentalpreparation.

D.Theprocessofsettlingintosilence.

6.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutMr.Davies?

A.Sympatheticabouthispersonalhardship.

B.Curiousabouthisunusualbehavior.

C.Respectfulofhispowerfulquiet.

D.Impressedwithhisself-control.

7.Whatdoesthestoryshow?

A.Thestrengthhiddeninsilence.

B.Acurriculumgivenbyateacher.

C.Themysteryrevealedinphysicsclass.

D.Amisunderstandingcorrectedafteradecade.

【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了戴维斯先生在上课前有十分钟沉默，背后隐藏着个人困境，

他以无声方式给学生上了一课。

【4题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thatveryyear,Mr.Davies'wifehadbeenbattlingasevere,long-termillness.

Thosesilentminuteswerenotforpreparation,butforpreservation-hisonlyprivatemomenttogatherenough

strengthtofaceus,toperformtheroleofthelivelyteacherweallexpected.（就在那一年,戴维斯先生的妻子一

直在与一种严重的长期疾病作斗争。那些沉默的时刻不是为了准备，而是为了保存——他唯一能私下积聚

足够力量来面对我们、扮演我们都期望的那个活跃的老师角色的时刻）”可知，戴维斯先生被描述为静止而

遥远是为了暗示他未知的个人挣扎。故选B。

5题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Asweekspassed,agradualchangecccurred.Thewhisperedquestionsdieddown.

Therestlessmovementsstilled.Withoutasinglewordofinstruction,（heroomlearnedtosettleintoacollective,

respectfulquiet.Itbecameastrange,sharedroutine.（随着几周的过云，逐渐发生了变化。窃窃私语的问题平息

了。不安的动作也停止了。没有一句指令，历间里的人学会了安静下来，集体而尊重地保持安静。这成了

一种奇怪的、共同的惯例）”可知，“It”指的是学生们逐渐安静下来的过程。故选D。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Yet,inthatunspoken,sharedspace,hetaughtalessonmoreprofoundthanany

cumculumcouldcontain.Wehadunknowinglywitnessedquietdignity,theimmensestrengthrequiredtobear

personalburdenswhile面thfullyfulfillingone'sdulies.（然而，在那个无言、共享的空间里，他教了一课比

任何课程都更深刻的课。我们不知不觉地见证了安静的尊严，以及在忠实地履行职责的同时承受个人负担

所需的巨大力量）”可知，作者对戴维斯先生充满敬意，敬重他无声中展现出的强大力量。故选

【7题详解】

主旨大意题。文章通过讲述戴维斯先生在上课前的卜分钟沉默，揭示了他背后隐藏的个人困境，以及他如

何以无声的方式教会学生面对困难时的坚强和尊严。A选项“Thestrengthhiddeninsilence（沉默中隐藏的力

量）”最能概括文章主旨。故选A。

C

Depressionhaslongbeenattributedto（归因于）chemicalimbalancesinthebrain.Yet,formanypatients,

standardtreatmentsfail.Thishasfueledasearchforalternativeexplanations,withthegut（肠道）bacteriaemerging

asasurprisingcandidate.ResearchersfromAPCMicrobiome,Irelandpublishedapaperinthelatestissueof

MolecularPsychiatry,arguingthatthecommunityoftinyorganismsinourgutproducessubstancesthatcansignal

thebrain,influencingmoodandbehavior.

Earlyanimalstudieswerestriking—transferringtheseorganismsfromdepressedindividualsintohealthymice

couldtransferdcpressivc-likcbehaviors.Humanstudiessoonfollowed,revealingdistinctbacterialpatternsin

depressedpatients.

Thisresearchbirthedtheconceptof"psychobiotics"：livebacteriaintendedtoimprovementalhealth.Early,

small-scale（rialsreportedpromisingresults,capturingpublicimagination.Headlinesdeclaredbacteriaasihenew

mood-improvingdrugs.However,thepathfrominterestingassociationtoproventreatmentisdifficultLarger,more

stricttrialshaveproducedmixedandmodestoutcomes.Acriticalobstacleisthebacterialcommunity'sextreme

individuality.Whatmakesupa“healthy”bacterialcommunityvariesgreatlybetweenpeople,influencedbydiet,

genetics,andenvironment.Asupplement（补充剂）containinggoodbacteriathathelpsonepersonmaybeineffective

foranother.

Thiscomplexitypointstoadeepershiftinperspective.Thegoalmaynotbetosimplyaddauniversal"happy

bug,\Instead,thefocusisshiftingtowardencouragingahealthyanddiversebacterialecosystemasawhole.This

ecosystemapproachacknowledgesthatmentalwell-beingmightbesupportednotbyasingletypeofbacteria,butby

thecollectivefunctionandstabilityoftheentirecommunity.

Therefore,therealpotentialof(hisfieldmaynotbeasimplepill,butabroaderapproachtomentalhealthcare.

1(suggestsweviewthebodyasaconnectedsystem,inwhichdiet,lifestyle,andguthealtharealltiedtobrainhealth.

Thisdoesn'tdenyexistingtreatmentsbutaddstotheoptionsavailable.Scientifically,thechallengeistogobeyond

merelinksandestablishclearcauseandeffect.Forthepublicandpatients,thetaskistobalancereasonablehopein

newapproacheswithcautiontowardexaggeratedorsimplifiedsolutions.

8.Whydoestheauthormentiontheearlyanimalstudies?

A.Todemonstrateadirectcauseofdepression.

B.Tosuggestapossiblegul-braininfluence.

C.Tohighlightabreakthroughintreatment.

D.Tocriticizethemethodsofanimaltesting.

9.Whatisthemainchallengeindeveloping“psychobiotics”?

A.Insufficientresearchingfunds.

B.Negativeeffectsoflivebacteria.

C.Publicresistancetobrandnewideas.

D.Eachperson'suniquegutenvironment.

10.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowards44psychobiotics^^?

A.Cautious.B.Critical.

C.Dismissive.D.Skeptical.

11.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheGut-MindConnection:ANewWaytoCureDepression

B.FromMicetoHumans:HowGutBacteriaInfluenceOurMood

C.TheGut-BrainLink:ExploringaNewFrontierforMentalHealth

D.TheExcitementandHopeofPsychobiotics:BeyondtheClearFacts

【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了肠道细菌与大脑情绪之间存在联系。

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段中"ResearchersfromAPCMicrobiome,Irelandpublishedapaperinthelatestissueof

MolecularPsychiatry,arguingthatthecommunilyoftinyorganismsinourgutproducessubstancesthatcansignal

thebrain,influencingmoodandbehavior.(爱尔兰APC微生物组的研究人员在最新一期的《分子精神病学》

上发表了一篇论文，认为我们肠道中的微生物群落会产生可以向大脑发出信号的物质，影响情绪和行为)”

以及第二段中aEarlyanimalstudieswerestriking—transferringtheseorganismsfromdepressedindividualsinto

healthymicecouldtransferdepressive-likebehaviors.（早期的动物研究令人惊讶将这些微生物从抑郁个体

转移到健康小鼠体内可以传递类似抑郁的行为）”可知，作者提到早期动物研究是为了说明肠道细菌可能对

大脑情绪有影响，即暗示一种可能的肠道-大脑影响。故选B。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中“Acriticalobstacleisthebacterialcommunity'sextremeindividuality.Whatmakes

upa“healthy”bacterialcommunityvariesgreatlybetweenpeople,influencedbydiet,genetics,andenvironment.A

supplement（补充剂）containinggoodbacteriathathelpsonepersonmaybeineffectiveforanother.（一个关键的障

碍是细菌群落的极端个体性。构成“健康”细菌群落的因素因人而异，受饮食、遗传和环境的影响。含有

有益细菌的补充剂可能对一个人有效，但对另一个人无效）”可知，开发“精神益生菌”的主要挑战是每个

人独特的肠道环境。故选D。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Forthepublicandpatients,thetaskistobalancereasonablehopeinnew

approacheswithcautiontowardexaggeratedorsimplifiedsolutions.（对于公众和患者来说,任务是在对新方法

的合理希望与对夸大或简化解决方案的谨慎之间取得平衡）”可知，作者对“精神益生菌”持谭慎态度。故

选Ao

[11题详解】

主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了肠道细菌与大脑情绪之间的联系，以及“精神益生菌”这一新兴领域面临的

挑找和作者的态度。C选项“TheGut-BrainLink:ExploringaNewFrontierforMentalHealth（肠道-大脑联

系：探索心理健康的新前沿）”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C。

Theage-oldbelief（hathumansaresuperiortonatureandnon-humanlifeisdeeplyrootedintraditions.Evenin

moderntimes,thisbeliefcontinues,influencinghowweviewthenaturalworld.Characteristicsonceconsidered

uniquetohumans—suchasintelligence,tooluse,moralbehavior,andtheabilitytofeelpain—havenowbeen

observedinotherspecies.Chimpanzeessolvecomplexpuzzles,crowscraftandusetools,andfishexhibitclear

responsestopainfulsituations.Evenplants,oncethoughtpassive,demonstratesensoryabilitiescomparabletoour

own.Thesediscoverieschallengethelong-heldassumptionofhumanexceptionalism.

InTheArrogantApe,primatologistChristineWebbcriticallyexaminesthisbelief.Shearguesthattheideaof

humanuniquenesscontradictsevolutionaryscience,whichemphasizesgradualdifferencesbetweenspeciesrather

thanabsolutedistinctions.Webbwarnsthatthismindsetmisleadsscientificresearch—biologistsoftenfocuson

primates（灵长类动物）andwell-knownmammalswhileneglectingtliemajorityofEarthsbiodiversityAdditionally,

unfaircomparison—suchasstudyngcaptive（圈养的）chimpanzeesandfreehumans—furtherstrengthenfalse

ideasofsuperiority.

Concernedaboutethicalissuesandunreliabledatafromlabstudies,Webbconductsherresearchonlyinnatural

habitatsorrefugesforapes.Herobservationssuggestthatmanynon-humanbeingslikelypossesssomeformof

consciousness.Criticsdismisssuchclaimsasanthropomorphism（类人化）.However,Webbarguesagainstthat

refusingtoacknowledgecross-spccicssimilaritiescreatesunnecessarybarriersinscience.Shealsopointsoutthe

doublestandard:whilehumancognitionisacceptedwithoutquestion,animalintelligenceisoftendismissedwithout

sufficientevidence.

Webbarguesthatabandoninghumanexceptionalismiscrucialfbrsolvingglobalcrises.Zoonoticdiseases,mass

extinctions,andclimatechangeallresultfromhumanity'sdamagingrelationshipwithnature.Byrecognizingour

placewithinthenaturalworldandintegratingtheknowledgeofnativepeopleaboutecologicalbalance—wecan

rebuildsustainableconnectionswiththeenvironment.Eventually,lettinggoofoutdatedsuperioritymythsmay

inspirestrongersupportfbranimalwelfareandtheplanet'shealth.

12.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphtalkabout?

A.Anexplanationofareligiousbelief.

B.Newfindingsaboutanimalbehavior.

C.Differentviewsonhumansuperiority.

D.Acomparisonbetweenhumansandanimals.

13.WhatviewdoesWebbholdonhumanexceptionalism?

A.Itcorrespondswithevolutionaryscience.

B.Itleadstotoomanystudiesonprimates.

C.Itencourageshumanstotreatanimalsbetter.

D.Itnarrowsresearchfocusesandmethods.

14.WhydoesWebbintendtostudyapesonlyinhabitatsorrefuges?

A.Toavoidtheethicalproblemsofcaptiveresearch.

B.Tosimplifytheprocessofcollectingresearchdata.

C.Toproveapesaremoreintelligentthanotheranimals.

D.Tofbcusonthemost“popularfhvored”mammalspecies.

15.WhichstatementwouldWebbmostlikelyloagreewith?

A.Beliefsabouthumansuperiorityareupdated.

B.Humansneedtochangetheirsenseofsuperiority.

C.Economicgrowthholdsgreatersignificancethanenvironment.

D.Theknowledgeofnativesaboutecologicalbalanceisoutdated.

【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了灵长类动物学家ChrisiineWebb批判“人类优越论”，指出

其弊端并呼吁摒弃该观念以解决全球危机。

【12题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Thesediscoverieschallengethelong-heldassumptionofhuman

exceptionalism/这些发现挑战了长期以来人类特殊论的假设）”以及第一段整体先阐述传统“人类优越

论”，接着通过动物行为的新发现来挑战该观点，可知第一段主要讲的是关于人类优越性的不同观点。故

选C。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“Webbwarnsthatthismindsetmisleadsscientificresearch—biologistsoftenfocus

onprimates（灵长类动物）andwell-knownmammalswhileneglectingthemajorityofEarth'sbiodiversity.（Webb

警告说，这种心态误导了科学研究一一生物学家往往关注灵长类动物和知名哺乳动物，而忽视了地球上大

多数的生物多样性）”可知，Webb认为人类特殊论使研究重点狭窄。故选D。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中MConcernedaboutethicalissuesandunreliabledatafromlabstudies,Webb

conductsherresearchonlyinnaturalhabitatsorrefugesforapes.（出于对实验室研究中的伦理问题和不"J靠数据

的担忧，Webb只在自然栖息地或猿类避难所进行研究）”可知，Webb只在栖息地或避难所研究猿类是为

了避免圈养研究的伦理问题。故选A。

[15题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中"Webbarguesthatabandoninghurr.anexceptionalismiscrucialforsolvingglobal

crises.（Webb认为，摒弃人类特殊论对于解决全球危机至关重要）”可推知，Webb认为人类需要改变他们

的优越感。故选

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Globalenvironmentalproblemsposeaseriousthreattoworldfoodsecurity.Solvingtheseissuesiskeyto

ensuringfuturefoodsupplies,especiallyforat-riskcommunitiesthatdependonfarming.16

Thedifficultieswefaceareenormous.Highertemperatures,unpredictablerain,andsevereweatherharmcrop

growthandpressurewatersupplies.Meanwhile,harmfulfarmingmethodsworsenlandconditions,affectingabout

one-quartertonearlyhalfoftheEanh'sland.17Itreducessoilqualityandbiodiversity,weakensnature's

abilitytorecoverandharmsfarming（hatsupportsmorethan3.2billionpeople.

Peoplewhoarealreadystrugglingsuffermost.Small-scalefarmersandherdersinpoorerareasoftenrelyon

unpredictablerainfallandworkonalreadypoorland.18Thisputstheirwayoflifeandlocalfoodsupplies

indanger,increasinghungerrisks.

Yetthesechallengesalsoencouragepositivechange.19Methodslikegrowingdrought-tolerantcrops,

plantingcovercrops,andusingwater-savingirrigationimprovesoil,savewater,andstorecarbon.Forexample,

movinganimalsbetweengrasslandsalsohelpstheenvironmentrecover.Bycombiningmodernsciencewithlocal

experience,wecanbuildstrongerfarmingsystems,shiftingfromexploitingnaturetocooperatingwithit.

20Toachievethisgcal,weneedbetterpoliciesprioritizingfoodsecurity,moresupportforresearch

andtechnologysharing,andeducationforfarmersandthepublic.Bylinkingscience,policy,traditionalknowledge,

andlocalaction,wecanturnthesethreatsintochancesforabetterfoodsystem.

A.Lookingahead,aunitedglobaleffortisessential.

B.Suchdamagespeedsupthelossofspeciesworldwideaswell.

C.Usingsustainablelandmanagementprovidesavitalpathway.

D.Infact,peoplebelievethattheproblemscanbesolvedbynewtechnology.

E.Asaresult,thesegroupsareaskingfordirectfoodaidfromothercountries.

F.Therefore,theyfindithardtodealwithclimatechange,especiallywithextrapressures.

G.Theseproblemsalsoencourageustofindnewtechnologyandliveinharmonywithnature.

【答案】16.G17.B18.F19.C20.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球环境问题威胁粮食安全，阐述其危害与影响，还提出可持

续治理方法并呼吁全球携手应对。

【16题详解】

根据前文Globalenvironmentalproblemsposeaseriousthreattoworldfoodsecurity.Solvingtheseissuesiskey

toensuringfuturefoodsupplies,especiallyforat-riskcommunitiesthatdependonfarming.（全球环境问题对世界

粮食安全构成严重威胁。解决这些问题是保障未来粮食供应的关键，尤其是对依赖农业的高危群体而言）”

可知，前文指出环境问题的威胁和解决问题的重要性，此空应承接上文说明这些问题带来的正向推动作用，

G选项wTheseproblemsalsoencourageustofindnewtechnologyandliveinharmonywithnature.（这些问题也

促使我们寻找新技术，与自然和谐共处）”中的Theseproblems指代前文的Globalenvironmentalproblems,

且引出后文应对问题的相关内容，符合语境。故选G项。

【17题详解】

根据前文0Meanwhile,harmfulfanningmethodsworsenlandconditions,affectingaboutone-quartertonearlyhalf

oftlicEarth'sland.（与此同时，有害的耕作方式加剧了土地状况的恶化，影响了地球上约四分之一到近一半

的土地）”以及后文uItreducessoilqualityandbiodiversity,weakensnature'sabilitytorecoverandhannsfarming

thalsupportsmorethan3.2billionpeople.（它降低了土壤质量和生物多样性，削弱了自然的恢复能力，还损害

了支撑着32亿多人的农业生产）”可知，前文说明有害耕作方式对土地的破坏，此空应承接上文说明这种破

坏带来的进一步影响，B选项“Suchdamagespeedsupthelossofspeciesworldwideaswell.（这样的破坏也力H

速了全球物种的消亡）”中的Suchdamage指代前文harmfulfarmingmethods带来的破坏，且与后文的负面影

响相衔接，符合语境。故选B项。

【18题详解】

根据前文uPeoplewhoarealreadystrugglingsuffermost.Small-scalefarmersandherdersinpoorerareasoften

relyonunpredictablerainfallandworkonalreadypoorland.（那些本就处境艰难的人受影响最大。贫困地区的

小农户和牧民往往依赖难以预测的降雨，在本就贫瘠的土地上劳作）”以及后文“Thisputstheirwayoflife

andlocalfoodsuppliesindanger,increasinghungerrisks.（这让他们的生活方式和当地的粮食供应陷入危险，增

加了饥饿风险）”中的This可知，此空应说明贫困地区农户的处境带来的结果，即难以应对气候变化，这也

是后文危险状况的原因,F选项44Therefore,theyfindithardtodealwithclimatechange,especiallywithextra

pressures.（因此，他们难以应对气候变化，尤其是在面临额外压力的情况下）”中的they指代前文的Small-

scalefarmersandherdersinpoorerareas,且是后文This所指代的内容，符合语境。故选F项。

19题详解】

根据前文“Yetthesechallengesalsoencouragepositivechange.（然而，这些挑战也催生了枳极的改变）”以及

后文“Methodslikegrowingdrought-tolerantcrops,plantingcovercrops,andusingwater-savingirrigationimprove

soil,savewater,andstorecarbon.（种植耐旱作物、覆盖作物以及采用节水灌溉等方法可以改善土壤、节约用

水并储存碳）”可知，前文指出挑战带来积极改变，此空应提出具体的解决途径，后文则是对该途径的具体

阐释，C选项“Usingsustainablelandmanagementprovidesavitalpathway.（采用可持续的土地管理方式是一

条至关重要的途径）”提出了应对挑战的具体途径，且后文的方法均属于可持续土地管理的范瞎,符合语境。

故选C项。

【20题详解】

根据后文“Toachievethisgoal,weneedbetterpoliciesprioritizingfoodsecurity,moresupportforresearchand

technologysharing,andeducationforfannersand（hepublic.Bylinkingscience,policy,traditionalknowledge,and

localaction,wecanturnthesethreatsintochancesforabetterfoodsystem.（为实现这一目标，我们需要制定更

优的、将粮食安全放在首位的政策，加大对研究和技术共享的支持，还需要对农民和公众开展相关教育。通

过将科学、政策、传统知识和当地行动相结合，我们能将这些威胁转化为打造更完善粮食体系的机遇）”可

知，后文讲述了实现目标的具体举措，需要各方共同努力，此空应作为本段主题句，点明全球携手的重要性，

A选项“Lookingahead,aunitedglobaleffortisessential.（展望未来，全球的共同努力至关重要）”精准概括本

段核心，且引出后