高中英语选择性必修一Unit1 课本词汇背诵自测默写

单词音标词义默写自测

1.physiology[,fizi'Dlod31]n.生理学;生理机能

2.artemisinin[]n.［药］青蒿素

3.crucial['kru:f1]adj.至关重要的;关键性

的

4.malaria[maleorid]n.疟疾

5.vital[,vaitl]adj.必不口」少的;极其重

要的;充满生机的

6.committed[ko'mitidladj.尽心尽力的;坚定的；

坚信的

7.commit[ko'rnit]vt.承诺;保证（某个人、机

构等）Vi.忠于;全心全意投

入（工作、活动等）

8.commitoneself[]承诺;保证（做某事、遵守

todo协议或安排等）

9.academy[a'kadamijn.（艺术、文学、科学等

的）研究院;学会;专科院校

10.academic[,aeko'demik]adj.学业的;学术的

11.objective[abrd3ektiv]n.目标;目的adj.客观的

12.botanical[bo'tasnikl]adj.植物学的

13.evaluate[l'吃Ijuelt]vt.评价;评估

14.propertyI'prDpatl]n.性质;特征;财产

15.distinct[di'stirjkt]adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区

别的

16.extract[ekstnekt]n.提取物;摘录vl.提取；

提炼;摘录；（用力）拔出

17.wormwood['w3:mwud]n.蒿;洋艾

18.boil[bDI1]vt.vi.（使）沸腾;煮开;烧开

n.沸腾;沸点

19.liquidI'llkwid]n.液体adj.液体的;液态

的

20.obtain[ob'tein]vt.（尤指经努力）获得;赢

得vi.（规章、习俗等）存

在流行

21.acknowledge[ok'nDlld3]vt.承认（属实、权威等）；

（公开）感谢

22.defeat[di'fi:t]n.失败;挫败vt.击败;战

胜

23.analyse['ccnslalz]vt.分析

24.apparently[o'psrontll]adv.显而易见;看来;显然

25.substance['SAbstans]n.物质;物品:事实根据

26.insist[ln'slst]vi.vt.坚持;坚决要求

27.insiston[ln'slstDn]坚;夬要求

28.scientific[,salon'tiflk]adj.科学（上）的；关于科

学的

29.mostlyI'moustli|adv.主要地;一般地

30.wearandtear[weosendtio]（正常使用造成的）磨损;损

耗

31.conclusion[kon'klu：3n]n.结论;推论

32.penicillin[,peni'silin]n.青霉素;盘尼西林

33.flee[fli：]VLVt.迅速离开;逃跑

34.circumstance['s3:komstons]n.条件;环境;状况

35.novelist['novolist]n.小说家

36.novelI'nDvl]n.（长篇）小说

37.flow[floujn.流;流动;流畅;供应vi.

流;流动

38.chart[tfa：t]n.图表vt.记录;制订计划

39.flowchart[floutfa：t]流程图

40.found[faund]vt.创建;建立;把......建

立在

41.infer[In'f3:(r)]Vt.推断;推定

42.politicianI.polo'llfn]n.从政者;政治家;政客

43.numerous[njuimsras]adj.众多的;许多的

44.theory['010rl]n.理论;学说

45.relativity[,rebtivoti1n.相对论;相对性

46.formula[To:mjob]n.公式;方程式;配方

47.genius['d3i:nias]n.天才;天资;天赋

48.gentle['d3entl]adj.温柔的;文静的

49.patent[p£etnt]n.专利;专利证书;获得专

利adj.有专利的;受专利

保护的

50.passion['paefn]n.酷爱;激情

51.doctorate['doktorot]n.博士学位

52.extraordinary[Ik'stro:dnrl]adj.不一般的;非凡的;意

想不到的

53.gradually['graedjuall]adv.逐渐地;逐步地

54.photoelectric[,fsutauI'lektrik]adj.光电的

55.cometopower[kAmtu:'pauo]（开始）掌权;上台

56.institution[.Instin]n.社会公共机构;制度;习

俗

57.institute['lnstitju:t]n.（教育、专业等）机构;机

构建筑

58.consequence['kDnsikwsnsjn.结果;后果

59.takeupa[]担任;任职

position

60.moustache[ms'staj]n.上唇的胡子;髭

61.peculiarity[plkju:li'aeroti]n.个性;特点;怪异的性质

62.encounter[In'kaunto(r)]vt.偶然碰至IJ;遇到n.邂

逅;遭遇

63.professor|pro'fes0(r)]n.教授

64.mourn[mo:n]vt.vi.哀悼:忧伤

65.remarkable[ri'ma^sbl]adv.非凡的;显著的

66.device[di'valsin.方法;技巧;装置;仪器

67.sum[SAm]vi.总结;概括n.金额;款

项;总数;总和

68.sumup[SAmAp]总结;概括

69.draft[dra:ft]n.草稿;苴案vt.起草;草拟

70.NobelPrize[nsu,bcl'pralz]诺贝尔奖

71.Alexander[]亚历山大.弗莱明

Fleming

72.AlbertEins忙inU阿尔伯特废因斯坦

73.Hitler['hltlol希特勒

74.ElonMusk[]埃隆・马斯克

75.Florence['flo:rsns弗洛伦斯・南丁格尔

Nightingale'naitn,gel1]

76.SARS[sa:z]abbr.严重急性呼吸综合

征

77.Switzerland['switsolond]瑞士（国家名）

78.Swiss[swls]adj.瑞士的n.瑞士人

79.IsaacNewton[]艾萨克・牛顿

8().Jewish['d3u:if]adj.犹太人的;犹太教的

81.Princeton['prinstan]普林斯顿（美国城市）

提能强化练

I.阅读理解

A

Whenshefirststartedlearningaboutclimatechangefromoneofherelders,FawnSharp

wasinvitedonahelicopterflightovertheOlympicMountainstosurveytheMountAnderson

glacier.Buttheglacierwasgone,meltedbythewarmingclimate.Sharphadadeepsenseofloss

whenshediscoveredtheglacierwasn'tthereanymore.

Lossisagrowingissueforpeopleworkingandlivingonthefrontlinesofclimate

change.AndthatgaveJenniferWrenAtkinson.afull-timelecturerattheUniversityof

WashingtonBothell,US,anideaforaclass.

Thisterm,shetaughtstudentsontheBothellcampusabouttheemotionalburdensof

environmentalstudies.SheusedtheexperiencesofNativeAmericantribes（部落）,scientistsand

activists,andaskedher24studentstofacetherealitythatthereisnoeasyfix-that“thisissuch

aninlraclableproblemthatthey'regoingtobedealingwithitfortherestoftheirlives^^.

StudentCodyDillonusedtobeaclimatescienceskeptic（怀疑论者）.Thenhedidhisown

readingandresearch,andchangedhismind.

Dillonwasn'tgoingintoenvironmentalwork—hewasacomputcr-scicncemajor.Yetjhc

potentialforaworldwideenvironmentalcatastropheseemedsorealtohimfiveyearsagothathe

quithisjobandbecameafull-timevolunteerforanenvironmentalgroupthatworkedon

restoration（恢复）projects.

Sixmonthsintothework,hedecidedthatAtkinson'sclasswasjustwhathewaslooking

tor—aplacewherehecoulddiscusshisconcernsaboutachangingclimate.

Atkinsonsaidshehopedtheclasshelpedherstudentspreparethemselvesfortheamountof

environmentallossthatwouldhappenovertheirlifetimes.

“Wearealreadychangingtheplanet—somanyspeciesaregoingtobelost,displacedor

massivelyimpacted,“shesaid."Thefutureisn'tgoingtobewhattheyimagined.”

l.WhydidtheauthormentionthecaseofFawnSharp?

A.lblayabasisforFawnSharp'sfurtherresearch.

B.ToproveFawnSharp'sworkissimilartoAtkinson's.

C.Toleadintotheissueoflosscausedbyclimatechange.

D.Toshowscientists?concernabouttheMountAndersonglacier.

2.What'sthemainpurposeofAtkinson?sclass?

A.Toexplorehowdifferentpeopledealwithclimatechange.

B.Togetstudentsmoreconcernedabouttheenvironmentalissue.

C.TofindsolutionstotheenvironmentalissueofOlympicMountains.

D.Toteachstudentshowtoconductresearchaboutenvironment.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsutintractable,,underlinedinparagraph3?

A.Simple.B.Difficult.

C.Common.D.Interesting.

4.HowdidAtkinson'sclassinfluenceDillon?

A.Itmadehimworkasapart-timevolunteerforrestorationprojects.

B.Itmadehimrealizeaplanet-wideclimatedisasterwouldhappen.

C.Itencouragedhimtobemoreinvolvedinenvironmentalprotection.

D.Itdiscouragedhimtoworkonrestorationprojectsfortheenvironment.

B

Tosolveabigenvironmentalproblem,chemistshavebeenthinkingsmall.Reallysmalka

newminirobotwiththepurposeofhelpingcleanuptinyplasticpollutingwateracrosstheglobe.

Thenewmicrorobots,eachofwhichisnobiggerthanthetipofapencikaremagnetic（磁性

的）andshapedlikefour-pointedstars.Whenthesunlightshinesonthemjheycanswimina

specificdirection;whenthesunlightdisappears,theystopmoving.Findingapieceofplastic,they

holdontoit,producechemicalreactionsandstarttobreakitdown.

TheprojectisledbychemistMartinPumera,aresearcherwhoalsostudieswaystobuild

microrobotsattheCzechUniversityinPrague.Abouttenyearsago,henoticedthemicroplastic

waseverywhere,fromthebottomoftheoceantotheiceonthetopofmountains.lteventurned

upindrinkingwater,bothbottledandtapwater.Justthinkabouthowmuchplasticyouencounter

everyday.ltdoesn'teasilydegrade（降解）,whichisabigproblem.Therefore,Pumerachoseto

focusontheproblemofwaterpollutioncausedbymicroplastic.

Theresearcherstestedthemicrorobotsonfourtypesofplasticinthelab.Afteraweek,all

fourbegandegrading,losingbetween0.5and3percentoftheirweight,whichindicatedtheywere

breakingdown.Therobotsalsoturnedtheplastic,ssmoothsurfaceintorough.Finally,they

couldbecollectedforreusealongwiththeplasticwastewithoutcausingnewpollution.

Infact,Pumerasaystheystillhavealongwaytogo.Thesemicrorobotsareunlikelyto

succeedindegradingalltypesofplastics.They'11alsoneedalotoftestingtoshowthatthey're

safeinopenwaterways,suchasatsea.Buthethinksthatthesechallengescanbe

overcome.Someday,themicrorobotswillplayabigroleinaworldwidecleanupeffort.

5.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthenewmicrorobot?

A.Itisofaroundshape.

B.Itisassmallasapencil.

C.Itisdrivenbysunlight.

D.Itusesphysicalreaction.

6.WhatinspiredPumeratodesignthemicrorobot?

A.Theiceonthemountains.

B.Secretsoftheoceanbottom.

C.Thelackofdrinkingwater.

D.Themicroplasticpollution.

7.Howdoesamicrorobotdealwiththeplastic?

A.Collectingitforreuse.

B.Makingitssurfacesmooth.

C.Absorbingitcompletely.

D.Breakingitdowntosomeextent.

8.WhatisPumera*sattitudetotheirfutureresearch?

A.Doubtful.B.Confident.

C.Regretful.D.Critical.

n.七选五

（2023湖南长沙长郡中学模拟）

Humanbodieswereactuallydesignedforwalkingswonderfulformofexerciseatno

cost.It'skindtoourbodiesandgreatforourwaistlines.1

Probablyyoualreadylovetowalk,butyou'regettingboredoftracingthesameoldroute

dayafterday,ormaybeyou'renewtowalkingandaren'tsurehowtogetstarted.2Ask

yourself,whatdoyouwanttogetoutofwalkingasidefromthehealthbenefits?Doyouwantto

meetotherpeople?Seenewplaces?Getoutintothecountrysideorexploreanewcity?Knowing

yourgoalswillhelpyoudecideonthetypeofwalkyouwanttodo.

Callupyourfriendsandschedulewalkswiththemifsocializingisyouraim.3Many

mallshavegroupsthatcomeeveryday,oreveryweekend,to“walkthemair\Thesegroupsare

alwayshappytoincludeonemorewalker!

4Manylargecitieshaveincrediblegardensandparksthatincludequietwalkingtrails

gettingyouoffthebeatenpath.ThankstotheRailstoTrailsprogram,railwaysacrossthecountry

arebeingtransformedintoscenicwalkingpathsthatareaperfectwaytoseekcalmness.

Fromthebenefitstoyourhearttoyouroverallhappiness,walkingisjustplaingoodforyou.

5It'safantasticwaytogettoknowaplacebythepowerofyourowntwofeet.

A.Thismonth,pickupamapandstartwalking.

B.Askyourfriendswheretheyliketowalkandjustgothere.

C.Youmayaswellconsiderheadingtoanewcityforachange.

D.Eitherwayjt'stimetoaccepttheideaofwalkingwithapurpose.

E.Rcccntly,sciencehasprovedthatwalkingisgoodforyourbodyshape.

F.Andbestofall,it'sagreatwaytoseenewthingsandmeetnewpeople!

G.Ifyou'reafterwalkingalone,askaboutlocalhikesthatgelyouawayfromthecrowd.

HL完形填空

InanationalspellingcontestinAmerica,an11-year-oldgirlwasaskedtospellacertain

word.Butwithher]voice,thejudgeswerenotsurewhethershespelledtheright

word.Theytalkeditoverand2decidedtosimplyaskherwhatshehadsaid.Bythen,the

girlknewshehadmisspelledtheword.Insteadoflying,shetoldthetruththatshehadsaidthe

3letter—soshelostthecontest.

Asthegirlwalkedoffthe4,thcentireaudiencestood,clappingtoapplaudher

honesty.Later,dozensofnewspaperreporterswroteaboutthis5,eventhoughitcostthegirl

thecontest.Butthefactisthatshe6thebiggestcontestthatday:thecontestofher

character.

Probablythebiggesttestofourcharacterandhonestyiswhatwewoulddoifweknewwe

wouldneverget7.Thisyounggirlcouldeasilyhave8andnobodywouldhave

knownitbutherself.Butit'sbeensaidthatifyou9,youmakeyourselfcheap.Tliisyoung

girlwas10enoughtoprizeherowncharactermorethantheprizefromaspelling

contest.Shcknewthe11shemadeinthatmomentwillhavealong-lastinginfluenceon

herfuture.

Shouldthewallet,foundinthestreet,beputintoapocketor12tothe

policeman?Shouldthe13changereceivedatthestorebeforgottenor14?Nobody

willknow.Butwehavetolivewithourselves,anditisalwaysbettertolivewithsomeonewe

15.

l.A.highB.sweet

C.toughD.soft

2.A.finallyB.seriously

C.secretlyD.totally

3.A.correctB.wrong

C.differentD.same

4.A.stageB.studio

C.testD.classroom

5.A.lessonB.story

C.courageD.accident

6.A.achievedB.broke

C.won□.defeated

7.A.paidB.awarded

C.reportedD.caught

8.A.escapedB.lied

C.changedD.ansv/crcd

9.A.acceptB.fight

C.cheatD.insist

10.A.smartB.generous

C.energetic□.interested

11.A.planB.conclusion

C.discoveryD.choice

12.A.turnedoverB.putaway

C.setasideD.takendown

13.A.smalIB.soine

C.extraD.necessary

14.A.ignoredB.paid

C.shared□.returned

15.A.protectB.challenge

C.respectD.attack

N.语法填空

(2022全国甲卷)

Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi'an.asafirst

step1.(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.

Onthe1,100-kiIomelerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,2.losthiseyesightat

theageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.Inspiredbythe

BeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation3.(hold)inBeijing,Caodecided

tocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.4.friendof

his,WuFan,volunteeredtobehiscompanionduringthetrip.

CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental5.

(protect).Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore6.----------------------

(meaning).Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1,00()plasticbottlesalongthe40-dayjourney.

Inthelastfiveyears,Cao7.(walk)through34countriesinsix

continents,andin2()16,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa*s8.(high)

mountain.

Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.He

flew4,700kilometers9.Xi'antoKashgaronSept.20,10.(plan)to

hikebacktoXi'aninfivemonths.

参考答案

UNIT1

提能强化练

I.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。FawnSharp通过一次搭乘直升机飞行的经历认

识到了冰川融化和环境污染问题的严重性;同时JenniferWrenAtkinson决定洽学生开

没课程，教学生如何而对环境污染，让更多的学生关注环境问题C

1.C推理判断题。通读第一段可知,FawnSharp在一次直升机飞行中意识到气候变化

导致了冰川融化。由此可推知,作者在第一段中提及FawnSharp的例子是为了引出下

文气候变化导致环境问题的话题。

2.B细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，由于气候变化引起环境问题，她产生了在大学

开设环境保护课程的想法。由此可知,Atkinson开设课程的目的是让学生更加关注环

境问题。

3.B词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“noeasyEx”以及下文的“they'regoingtobe

dealingwithitfortherestofthcirlives”可知，这是一个十分困难的问题，以至于学生们要

用他们的余生来解决它。

4.C推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Sixmonthsintothework...discusshisconcernsabout

achangingclimate.”可知,Dillon在环保组织做了六个月志愿者之后，他认为在Atkinson

的课堂上他可以讨论他对气候变化的担忧。由此可推知,Atkinson的课鼓励Dillon更

多地参与到环境保护中。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一种新型微型机器人，它可以帮助

清理污染水道的塑料碎片。

5.C细节理解题。由第二段中的“Whenthesunlightshinesonthem,theycanswimina

specificdirection;whenthesunlightdisappears,theystopmoving.”可决口，新型微型机器人

是由阳光驱动的。故选C项。

6.D细节理解题。由第三段中的“Abouttenyearsago,henoticed...easilydegrade,which

isabigproblem.Therefore,Pumerachosetofocusontheproblemofwaterpollutioncaused

bymicroplastic可知，微塑料不容易降解，无处不在。微塑料污染给环境带来了挑战，这

是吸引Pumera从事该项研究的原因之一。由此可知，微塑料污染激发了Pumera设计

微型机器人的灵感。故选D项。

7.D细节理解题。由第四段中的“Theresearcherstestedthemicrorobotsonfourtypesof

plasticinthelab.Afteraweek,allfourbegandegrading,losingbetween0.5and3percentof

theirweight,whichindicatedtheywerebreakingdown.”可知，仅一周时间，塑料的重量减

轻,这说明微型机器人可以在某种程度上分解塑料。故选D项。

8.B推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Buthethinksthatthesechallengescanbe

overcome.Someday,themicrorobotswillplayabigroleinaworldwidecleanupeffort/'^

知,Pumera认为，研究中的这些挑战是可以克服的，微型机器人在未来将发挥重要作用。

由此可知,他对未来的研究很有信心。故选B项。

II.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了散步对人的一些好处，以及如何

选择散步路线的建议。从对心脏的好处到对整体的快乐，散步是非常好的。文章最后

倡导人们开始散步。

1.F根据上文“Humanbodieswereactuallydesignedforwalking,awonderfulformof

exerciseatnocost.”可知,本句承接上文继续说明散步的好处。故F项符合上下文语境。

2.D结合下文“Askyourself...Knowingyourgoalswillhelpyoudecideonthetypeofwalk

youwanttodo."可知,本句是在说明要带着目标散步，下文一系列设问句是在解释如何

寻找目标c故D项符合上下文语境c

3.B才艮据上文“Callupyourfriendsandschedulewalkswiththemifsocializingisyour

aim.”可知，如果想要和朋友一起散步社交，那么需要了解他们喜欢去哪里散步，故B项

符合上下文语境。

4.G木艮据下文“Manylargecitieshaveincrediblegardensandparksthatincludequiet

walkingtrailsgettingyouoffthebeatenpath.“可知，本段是在说明如果想一个人散步，可

以选择去大城市的花园或公园里。故G项符合上下文语境。

5.A才艮据上文“Fromthebenefitstoyourhearttoyouroverallhappiness,walkingisjust

plaingoodforyou.”并且本段为文章最后一段，有总结上文的作用，上文提到了散步的好

处和选择，那么此处应当是倡导人们开始散步。故A项符合上下文语境。

in.【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述一个参加拼字比赛的小女孩因

为选择诚实而输掉比赛的故事告诫读者，“在别人不知情的情况下你选择如何做‘‘才是

真正品性的写照。

1.D根据下文“iheju