概要写作（解析版）-高二年级英语上学期期末试题汇编（上海专用）

专题08柢要写作

【精选真题01】

(2022•金山中学高二期末)

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinno

morethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

InterviewTips

Firstimpressionsareoftenlastingones.Studiesshowthatpeopleformimpressionsaboutuswithinthefirst

fewminutesofmeeting.

AsSimonGrant,hotelmanager,says:'Intervieweeswholookasiftheycareaboutthemselvesaremorelikely

tocareabouttheirjobs.Peoplethinkil'swhal'sinsidethatcounts,butinaninterviewyoushouldaimtocome

acrossinthebestpossibleway/

Yetmanypeopleignoretheimportanceofhavingaprofessionalimage.Forexample,JanetGoodwoodworked

fortenyearsasanimaginativeassistantinalargeaccountingfirm.Whentheofficemanagerretired,sheappliedfor

thepositionbutwasn'tevengivenaninterview.41thoughtitwasamistakesoIaskedtheDirectorofPersonnel

whathadhappened/shesays.4HetoldmeIdidn'tfittheimageofanofficemanager.HesuggestedIimprovemy

wardrobebeforeIappliedagainforpromotion/

Movementandgestureswillalsoinfluenceaninterviewer'sfirstimpressionofacandidate.Psychologist

AlbertMehrabianhasdiscoveredthat7%ofanymessageaboutourfeelingsandattitudescomesfromthewordswe

use,38%fromourvoiceandasurprising55%fromourfacialexpressions.Whenourfacialexpressionsandour

wordssenddifferentmessagesthelistenerwillputmoreweighton(henon-verbalmessage.Somakesureyour

wordsagreewithyourbodylanguage.Mixedmessageswillonlyconfusetheinterviewer.

Finally,aconsiderationofwhatwesayandhowwesayitwillcontributetothesuccessofaninterview.David

Artesio,themanagerofanemploymentagency,suggeststhatit'sagoodideatoinformyourselfaboutthecompany

beforeyougofbraninteniew.'Theannualreport,fbrexample,willtellyouaboutareasofcompanyinvolvement.

Mentionanareathatinterestsyouduringtheinterview.Thiswillgiveapositivenoteandconvinceothersofyour

interestinthecompany/

【答案】

Tohaveasuccessfulinteniew,oneshouldbeawareofshowingpositivefirstimpressions.Firstly,itis

suggestedthatyoushouldpresentyourprofessionalimagebywearingproperclothes.Secondly,yourbody

languagecarriesweightsothatmakesurewhatyousayshouldbeinlinewithgesturesandmovements.Finally,

consideringthewordsyousayandthewaytoexpressthemishelpful.

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍一些面试的技巧来帮助面试者们有个成功的面试。文章说明第一印

象在面试当中很重要，因此面试者们应该要注意着装的专业性、言行的一致性以及表达的得体性，这样才

能增加面试成功的几率。

【解析】

1.要点摘录

©Firstimpressionsarcoftenlastingones.Peoplethinkit'swhat'sinsidethatcounts,butinaninteniewyou

shouldaimtocomeacrossinthebestpossibleway.

@Yetmanypeopleignoretheimportanceofhavingaprofessionalimage.

©Movementandgestureswillalsoinfluenceaninterviewer'sfirstimpressionofacandidate.

©Finally,aconsiderationofwhatwesayandhowwesayitwillcontributetothesuccessofaninlerview.

2.缜密构思

将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。

3.遣词造句

Firstly,itissuggestedthatyoushouldpresentyourprofessionalimagebywearingproperclothes.

Secondly,yourbodylanguagecarriesweightsothatmakesurewhatyousayshouldbeinlinewithgesturesand

movements.

【精选真题02]

(2022.进才中学高二期末)

66.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinno

morethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Onewaytoknowhowmuchsedapeopledrinkistoaskthem.

Theproblem?Wetendtounderestimate,lieorforgetwhatwe'veconsumed.

Andthisisachallengeforresearcherswhostudythelinksbetweensugar-sweetenedbeveragesandobesity.

AnewstudypublishedintheJournalofNutritionexplainsatechniquethatcouldhelpresearchersgetagood

measurementofsugarybeverageconsumption-byanalyzingapieceofhairorabloodsample.

ResearcherDianeO'BrienoftheUniversityofAlaskaandhercolleagueshaveusedcarbonisotope(同位

素)analysistodeveloptheirmeasuringtool.''Wc'rcisolatingthe[canon]isotoperatioinaspecificmolecule,“

explainsO'Brien.Themoleculeisanaminoacidcalledalanine,whichcapturescarbonfromsugars.

Itturnsoutthatwhenyouconsumesweetenedsoda,slightlymoreofaparticularkindofcarboncalledC-13

getstrappedinalanineandincorporatedintoproteins.Andproteinshangaroundinthebodymuchlongerthan

sugardoes.SothescientistssaytheycansampleproteinstolookforextraamountsofC-13inalanine.Peoplewith

alotofC-13arelikelytobepeoplewhohaveconsumedalotofcornsyrupandcanesugar.

Usingthistechnique,O'Briensays,youcancapturealonger-termpictureofsugarconsumptioncompared

withurinesamples—whichonlyrevealhowmuchsugarapersonhasconsumedinthepastdayorso.

Carbonisotopeanalysishashelpedscientistspiecetogetherancientdietarypatterns,explainsDaleSchneller

oftheUniversityofWisconsin,Madison,inacommentaryaboutthestudy:"Theuseofstableisotopesignatures

hasevenprovidedinformationaboutthedietofOtziakaTheIceman,the5,0(X)-ycar-oldnaturalmummyfoundin

theAlpsin1991.”

Andhewritesthathethinksthetechniquewillbehelpfulforresearchersstudyingtheobesityepidemic.

“Thisshouldbeamajorsteptowardresolvingthecontroversyovertheroleofcaloricsweetenerintakeinthe

developmentofobesity,writesSchoeller.

【答案】

Researchersfeelithardtoexactlymeasuretheconsumptionofsugarybeverages.Atechniqueusingcarbon

isotopeanalysiscouldmeasureitaccuratelybyanalyzinghairorbloodsample.Notonlywillitcontributeto

studyingtheobesityepidemicbutitalsowillbesignificanttofigureoutthelinksbetweensugarsweetened

beveragesandobesity.

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说通过询问来了解人们摄入多少糖是很困难的，一项新研究解释了

一种技术，可以通过分析一根头发或者一份血液样本来测量含糖饮料的摄入量，这种技术是通过使用碳同

位素分析进行开发的。这不仅将对研究肥胖流行的研究人员有帮助，还将是解决关于卜路里甜味剂摄入在

肥胖发展中所起作用的争议的重要一步。

【解析】

1.要点摘录

®Oncwaytoknowhowmuchsodapeopledrinkistoaskthem.Itisachallengeforresearcherswhostudythe

linksbetweensugarsweetenedbeveragesandobesity.

@AnewstudypublishedintheJournalofNutritionexplainsatechniquethatcouldhelpresearchersgetagood

measurementofsugarybeverageconsumption—byanalyzingapieceofhairorabloodsample.Theyusedcarbon

isotopeanalysistodevelop(heirmeasuringtool.

③Hethinksthetechniquewillbehelpfulforresearchersstudying(heobesityepidemic.

④Thisshouldbeamajorsteptowardresolvingthecontroversyovertheroleofcaloricsweetenerintakeinthe

developmentofobesity.

2.缜密构思

将第I、2个要点进行重组，将第3、4个要点进行整合。

3.遣词造句

Researchersfeelthatmeasuringtheconsumptionofsugarybeveragesexactlyishard.

Atechniquewhichwasdevelopedbyusingcarbonisotopeanalysiscouldmeasureitaccuratelybyanalyzinghairor

bloodsample.

Itwillnotonlycontributetostudyingtheobesityepidemicbutalsobesignificanttofigureoutthelinksbetween

sugarsweetenedbeveragesandobesity.

【精选真题01】

（2022•格致中学高二期末）

51.Direclions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60words(hemainideaofthepassageand

hov/itisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

ScrollingthroughyourWeChatmoments,youcameacrossapostsaying:"IjustgotacceptedtoHarvardAND

Oxford!Arctheysuretheydidn'tmixmyapplicationsupwithsomebodyelse?!"Thispersonisclearly

humblcbragging.Thetcrm^humblcbrag'^wasfirstcoinedtodescribewhensomeonemakesaseeminglymodest

statement,buttheactualpurposeistobringattentiontosomethingtheyareproudof.

Althoughthosewhohumblebragthinkitwillmakethemmorelikablebecausetheyaren'tloudlyboasting

abouttheirtriumphs,astudypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocial

Psychologyshowedthathumblebraggingactuallyhastheoppositeeffect."Humblebraggingbackfiresbecause

itseemsveryfake.That'woeisme'altitudecombinedwithselt-proirotiondoesnotleadtoafavorable

impression,"saidOvulSezerjheleadauthorofthestudy."Evensimplybraggingorcomplainingisbetter,becauseat

leastthosemessagesarcseenasmoresincere."

Sczcr'sstudyalsofoundthatnearly60percentofhumblcbragswerecomplaint-bascdhumblcbragging,with

mostpeoplehumblebraggingabout(heirlooks,followedbytheirmoneyorwealth,andfinallyabouttheir

performanceatwork/'It'ssuchacommonphenomenon.Allofusknowsomepeopleinourlives,whetherinsocial

mediaorintheworkplace,whodothisannoyingthing,"commentedSezer,addingthatwealldoittosomeextent.

So,ifyouwanttoshareyourachievementswithothers,what'sthebestwaytodoit(hen?Sezersuggeststhat

people4towntheirself-promotionandreaptherewardsofbeingsincere".Shealsosuggestedfindingawingman:"If

someonebragsfbryoujhat'sthebestthingthatcanhappentoyou,becausethenyoudon'tseemlikeyou're

bragging.

【答案】

Onepossibleversion:

Humblebragisusedtodescribeapersonwhowantstodrawattentiontosomethingtheytakeprideinbut

makesamodeststatement.However,astudysuggeststhatitmaycauseotherpeople(odislikehimbecauseit

seemsfake.Huinblebragsareactuallycommoninourlifeandmostofthemarecomplaint-based.Ifyouwantto

brag,owntheself-promotionorfindawingman.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了术语“humblcbragging”的含义，Humblcbrag用来描述一个人想要把别

人的注意力吸引到自己引以为豪的事情上，但又很谦虚。然而，•项研究表明，这可能会导致其他人不喜

欢他，因为这似乎是假的。谦虚的自夸其实在我们的生活中很常见，而且大多数都是基于抱怨。如果你想

吹牛，那就自己推销自己，或者找个帮手。

【解析】

1.要点摘录

①Theterm4thuinblebrag''wasfirstcoinedtodescribewhensomeonemakesaseeminglymodeststatement,but(he

actualpurposeistobringattentiontosomethingtheyareproudof.

@Humblcbraggingbackfiresbecauseitseemsveryfake.

③Sezcr'sstudyalsofoundthatnearly60percentofhuinblebragswerecomplaint-bascdhumblcbragging,withmost

peoplehumblebraggingabouttheirlooks,followedbytheirmoneyorwealth,andfinallyabouttheirperformanceat

work.

@Sczcrsuggeststhatpcoplc4iowntheirsclf^promotionandreaptherewardsofbeingsincere”

⑤Ifsomeonebragsfbryou,that'sthebestthingthatcanhappentoycu.

2.缜密构思

将第1、2、3三个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。

3.遣词造句

Humblebragisused(odescribesoinsonewhowants(obringattentiontosomethingtheyareproudofbutmakesa

modeststatement.

Astudyshowsthatitmaymakeotherpeopledislikehimbecauseitseemsfake.

Humbiebragsareactuallypopularinourlifeandmostofthemarecomplaint-based.

【精选真题02]

(2022•南洋模范中学高二期末)

51.Directions:Read(hefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomore

than60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Whytruehappinessisn'taboutbeinghappyallthetime

Overthepasttwodecades,thepositivepsychologymovementhasbrighteneduppsychologicalresearchwith

itsscienceofhappinessandhumanpotential.Itarguesthatpsychologistsshouldnotonlyinvestigatementalillness

butalsowhatmakeslifeworthliving.

Thefoundingfatherofpositivepsychology,MartinSeligman,describeshappinessasexperiencingfrequent

positiveemotions,suchasjoy,excitementandsatisfaction,combinedwithdeeperfeelingsofmeaningandpurpose.

Ilimpliesapositiveattitudeinthepresentandanoptimisticoutlookforihefuture.Importandy,happinessexperts

haveargued(hathappinessisnotastableunchangeablefeaturebutsomethingflexiblethatwecanworkonand

eventuallystrivetowards.

Recentresearchindicatesthatpsychologicalflexibilityisthekeytogreaterhappinessandwell-being.For

examplc,beingopentoemotionalexperiencesandtheabilitytoendureperiodsofdiscomfortcanallowustomove

towardsalichenmoremeaningfulexistence.Studieshavealsodemonstratedthatthewaywerespondtothe

circumstancesofourliveshasmoreinfluenceonourhappinessthantheeventsthemselves.Experiencingstress,

sadnessandanxietyintheshorttermdoesn'tmeanwecan'tbehappyinthelongterm.Puttingupwithsorrowcan

makeustougherandleadustotakeactioninourlives,suchaschangingjobsorovercominghardship.Oftenwhen

peoplehavefaceddifficulty,illnessorloss,theydescribetheirlivesashappierandmoremeaningfulasaresult.

Unlikefeelinghappy,whichisatemporarystate,leadingahappierlifeisaboutindividualgrowththrough

findingmeaning.Itisaboutacceptingourhumanitywithallitsupsanddowns,enjoyingthepositiveemotions,and

makinguseofpainfulfeelingsinordertoreachourfullpotential.

【答案】

Positivepsychologymainlydefineshappinessasexperiencingfrequentpositiveemotions,whichmeansbeing

positivenowandoptimisticaboutthefuture.However,happyexpertsthinkhappinessisflexibleandwecanwork

hardforit.Recentresearchhasconfirmedthathowwcreacttothingsmattersmorethanthingsthemselves.

Therefore,individualgrowthandacceptinghumanityisthekeytohappierlife.

【导语】本文是以一篇说明文。文章主要介绍「积极心理学主要将幸福定义为经历频繁的积极情绪，这意

味着现在积极，对未来乐观。然而，快乐专家认为快乐是灵活的，我们可以为此努力。最近的研究证实，

我们对事物的反应比事物本身更重要。因此，个人成长和接受人性是幸福生活的关键。

【解析】

1.要点摘录

①Thepositivepsychologymovementarguesthatpsychologistsshouldnotonlyinvestigatementalillnessbutalso

whatmakeslifeworthliving.

②Thefoundingfatherofpositivepsychologydescribeshappinessasexperiencingfrequentpositiveemotions.

③Recentresearchindicatesthatpsychologicalflexibilityisthekeytogreaterhappinessandwell-being.

©Leadingahappierlifeisaboutindividualgrowththroughfindingmeaning.Itisalsoaboutacceptingour

humanity.

2.缜密构思

将1.2两个要点进行重组，将第3.4要点进行整合。

3.遣词造句

Positivepsychologymainlydefineshappinessasexperiencingfrequentpositiveemotions,whichmeansbeing

positivenowandoptimisticaboutthefuture..

However,happyexpertsihinkhappinessisflexibleandwecanworkhardforit.

Recentresearchhasconfirmedthathowwereacttothingsmattersmorethanthingsthemselves.

Therefore,individualgrowthandacceptinghumanityisthekeytohappierlife.

【精选真题03]

(2022・七宝中学高二期末)

91.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinno

morethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Muchtimeandefforthasbeendevotedtoresearchingthementalhealthbenefitsofflexiblework

environments,butcantheabilitytoleaveworkearlytowatchyourson'ssoccergame,orarriveattheofficeabit

laterinthemorninginordertoseetosomepersonalmatters,havephysicalhealthbenefitsbesidesmakingyoufeel

abitrelaxed?

AccordingtonewresearchpublishedintheCochraneLibraryDatabaseofSystematicReviews,itseemsso.In

areviewof10previousstudiesexaminingthehealtheffectsofunfixedworkconditionsformorethan16,000

people,researchersfromtheU.K..DurhamUniversityandUniversityofNewcastle,aswellasiheUniversityof

Montreal,foundthatflexibleworkschedules,forinstance,whenemployeescanshift(heirstartingtimes,were

associatedwithimproveinentsinaperson'soverallhealth.Inaddition,perhaps,unsurprisingly,inallofthestudies

includedinthereview,researchersfoundnoevidencefornegativeeffectsofmoreflexibleworkschedules.

Thisinitialanalysiswasintendedtothrowlightonthepotentialhealthbenefitsofflexibleworkoptions,which

areincreasinglypopularthroughoutScandinavia,andhaverecentlygainedsomegroundintheU.K.Forexample,

lastApril,theBritishgovernmentin-plcmcntcdapolicythatallowedparentsofchildrenagedsixandunderto

requestflexibleworkarrangementsIoincludeparentsofchildrenaged16andyounger.IntheU.S.,the

phenomenonisabitslowertocatchon.Yet.theeconomicslowdownofrecentyearsmayhavecontributedto

growthinworkplaceflexibility—ascompaniesunabletorewardemployeeswithbonusesorraisesmayturnto

otherformsofcompensation.Reutersreportedearlylastyear.

Originalanalysistoo,ofcourse,indicatedthebenefitsofflexibleworkenvironmentstowardpositivemental

healthoutcomes.Andwhiletheselatestfindingsarepromising,theresearchersstressthatmorestudyisvitalto

understandingthedetailedrelationshipbetweenflexibleworkandimprovedhealthoutcomes.Totrulygrasp(he

benefitsofflexibleworkingconditions,theresearcherssay,additionalstudyanalyzinghealthoutcomesamonga

widerangeofworkers-fromhigh-rankingexecutivestohourlyemployees-iscritical,whichhelpstogaina

deeperunderstandingoftheissue,andtoshapefutureworkplacepolicy.

【答案】

Byreviewingpreviousstudies,researchersfindflexibleworkschedulesbenefitpeople'soverallhealth.

WorkplaceflexibilityismorepopularinsomeEuropeancountriesthaninUS,wherethephenomenonmaycatchon

becauseithelpscompaniesrewardemployeesduringrecession.Additionalstudiesamongawiderrangeofworkers

areneededtobetterundersUind(herelationshipanddesignfutureworkplacepolicy.(59words)

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明很多时间和精力都花在研究弹性工作环境对心理健康有很多好处，

更多的研究对r理解弹性工作和改善健康结果之间的详细关系至关重要。研究人员说，要真正掌握灵活工

作条件的好处，对从高级管理人员到钟点工等各类员工的健康状况进行分析的额外研究至关重要，这有助

于加深对这一问题的理解，并制定未来的工作场所政策。

【解析】

1.要点摘录

®Muchtimeandefforthasbeendevotedtoresearchingthementalhealthbenefitsofflexibleworkenvironments,

(2)...fbrinstance,whenemployeescanshifttheirstartingtimes,wereassociatedwithimprovementsinaperson's

overallhealth.

@IntheU.S.,thephenomenonisabitslowertocatchon.Yet,theeconomicslowdownofrecentyearsmayhave

contributedtogrowthinworkplaceflexibility—ascompaniesunabletorewardemployeeswithbonusesorraises

mayturntootherformsofcompensation.

©...additionalstudyanalyzingheakhoutcomesamongawiderangeofworkers——fromhigh-rankingexecutivesto

hourlyemployees-iscritical,whichhelpstogainadeeperunderstandingoftheissue,andtoshapefuture

workplacepolicy.

2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。

3.遣词造句

®Dyreviewingpreviousstudies,researchersfindflexibleworkschedulesbenefitpeople'soverallhealth.

©WorkplaceflexibilityismorepopularinsomeEuropeancountriesthaninUS.wherethephenomenonmaycatch

onbecauseithelpscompaniesrewardemployeesduringrecession.

©Additionalstudiesamongawiderrangeofworkersareneededtobelterunderstandtherelationshipanddesign

futureworkplacepolicy.

【精选真题04】

（2022•延安中学高二期末）

71.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinno

morethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

THETEENAGEBRAIN

Parents,teachers,andanyonewhoregularlydealswithteenagersknowshowdifficult(headolescentyearscan

be.Adolescentshavealwaysbeenknowntodowild—evendangerous—things.Thiswasthoughttcbeduetothe

foolishnessofyouth.Now,brain-imagingtechnologyallowsscientiststostudythephysicaldevelopmentofthe

braininmoredetailthaneverbefore.Theirdiscoverieshaveledtoanewtheoryofwhyteensactthewaytheydo.

Recently,scientistsdiscoveredihatthoughourbrainsarealmostattheirfullsizebytheageofsix,theyarcfar

fromfullydeveloped.Onlyduringadolescencedoourbrainstruly“growup”.Duringthistime,theygothrough

greatchanges,likeacomputersystembeingupgraded.This“upgrade”wasoncethoughttobefinishedbyabout

age12.Now,scientistshaveconcludedthatourbrainscontinuetochangeuntilage25.Suchchangesmakeus

betteratbalancingourimpulseswiththeneedtofollowrules.However,astill-developingbraindoesthisclumsily.

Theresult,scientistsclaim,istheunpredictablebehaviorseeninteenagers.

Thestudiesconfirmthatteensaremorelikelytotakerisksandbehaveinextremeways.Fortunately,thenews

isn'tallnegative.AsbrainscientistB.J.Caseypointsout,theteenbraininspiressuchbehaviorinordertohelp

teenagersprepareforadultlife.

Onewaythebraindoesthisisbychangingthewayteensmeasureriskandreward.Researchersfoundthat

whenteensthinkaboutrewards,theirbrainsreleasemoreofthechemicalsthatcreatepleasurethananadultbrain

would.Researchersbelievethismakestherewardsseemmoreimporiantthantherisks,andmakesteensfeelthe

excitementofnewexperiencesmorekeenlythanadultsdo.

Researchintothestructureoftheteenbraina