考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷363

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷363

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共2。题，每题

分,共20分。）

Ourlife,fromtheverybeginning,toourdestiny,hasalreadybeenfated.Weareallgiven

aspiritualsoulinourmother'swombandaphysicalbodyioexperiencethejourneyto

ourdestiny.Ourfateiscontrolledbyourparentsuntilweareofagetoexertuponour

ownjourneyinlife.Coincidencesarecontrolledbyfate,inasense,thatweneverknow

whatisgoingtoreallyhappeninourfuture.Thepathtoourdestinyisfatedbyquitea

fewcoincidencestoguideusintherightdirection.Sometimeswemissthecuesbynot

payingenoughattentiontothesigns.Aswearelearningfromourmistakes,wemay

brieflystartdownthewrongpathsometimesduetofreewillandwrongchoiceswe

make.Thisdoesnotmeanwcwon'tfindourwayhacktoourdestinedpath,becauselife

coincidenceswillalignyouonceagainbycorrespondingwithwhatisfatedforyou

eventually.Wemayneverknowthetimingoftheseevents,oractuallywhatisinstorefor

us,butwecanbesureofwhateverourfateistobe,coincidenceswillkeepus

accountableandhumbleourresistancewithoutusevenknowingsometimes.A

combinationofcoincidenceandfateisinsightintoanunknownrealm.Wecan'tpredict

whensomethingisgoingtohappentous.butlittlecoincidencesmayleadyou（oclues

aboutyourselftopreventanymoreharmtoyouoryourbody.Afreakminoraccidentat

worklakesyoutotheemergencyroom,theyfindsomethingelsewrongwithyouthat

withcorrectivemedication,it'streatable.IsthiscoincidenceItwouldseemlikeit,would

it?Thiscombinationofcoincidenceandfatecanbedescribedasyoudon'tknowwhat

yourfatewouldhavebeenifyouhadn'thadtheaccidentandgonetothehospital.Whata

coincidence!Thingsdohappentousforareason!Wedon'talwaysunderstandwhysome

thingsseembad,orsomethingsturnoutforthegood,buttheyarefatedtobetheway

theyarc.Ifwccanbepatient,maintaingracethroughourhardships,loss,anddifficulties,

ourjourneytoourdestinationwillberewarded.It'sextraordinarythatamerecoincidence

canchangethecourseofourlivesbyafatedchanceoropportunity.Subtleforcesare

alwaysguidingustoourtruedestiny.Paycloseattention.

1、Theword"destiny"usedinparagraph1refersto.

A^asequenceofinevitableminorevents

B、thepathonechoosesthroughouthislife

C、themomentwhenone'snumbercomesup

D^thefloweringofaromancebetweenlovers

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第一段第一句"Ourlifb,fromtheverybeginning,toour

destiny,…”可知，"ourdesiiny”是与“theverybeginning”相对的概念，即指“生命的

终点所以，C应为答案。

2、Welearnfromparagraph2that.

A^fateisonlytheresultofone'sactionsinlife

B、thepaththroughoutone'slifeispredetermined

C、everyonemakeschoicesfreefromconstraints

D、manycoincidencesspontaneouslyoccurinlife

标准答案：B

知以点解析：根据第二段中的“…lifecoincidences…bycorrespondingwithwhatis

fatedfbryoueventuaHy''和"wecanbesureofwhateverourfateistobe,coincidences

willkeepusaccountableandhumbleourresistance...命运是既定的。所以，B

应为答案。

3、Theauthorarguesthatcoincidences.

A、areimmunetoourfreewillandthechoiceswemake

B、areeventswhichwilldefinitelyoccursoonerorlater

C、usuallyhappentoussimultaneouslyandunexpectedly

D、guideusintherightdirectionandkeepusindestinedpath

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据第一段中的“Thepathtoourdestinyisfatedbyquiteafew

coincidencestoguideusintlierightdirection”和第二段中的“lifecoincidenceswillalign

youonceagainbycorrespondingwithwhatisfatedfbryoueventually'',D应为答案。

4、Byciting"afreakminoraccidentatwork”,theauthorintendstoshowthat

coincidences.

A、arcrelatedtoone'sfate

B、andfateareinseparable

C、leadtoaseriesofevents

D、preventmoreharmonyou

标准答案：A

知以点解析：根据第三段中的“…youdon'tknowwhatyourfatewouldhavebeenif

youhadn'thadtheaccidentandgonetothehospital"，A应为答案。

5、Theauthoradvisesustopayattentionto.

A、anyrandomaccident

B、anyunexpectedevent

C、theimpactoffateonus

D、minorcoincidencesinlife

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本文的核心意思是“coincidence”对“fate”的影响。根据第一段最后一

句“Sometimeswemissthecuesbynotpayingenoughattentiontothesigns”和全文最后

两句“Subtleforcesarcalwaysguidingustoourtruedestiny.Paycloseattention”可知，

D应为答案。

Twonuclearmissilesubmarines-oneBritish,oneFrench—armedwithalikelytotalof

wellmorethan100thermonuclearwarheadscollidedundertheAtlanticOceanearlier

thismonth.It'saterrifyingreminderofhowmanyofthesehugelydestructiveweapons

arcstillroutinelydeployedandhowlittlethoughtisgiventokeepingthemassafeand

secureaspossible.Twodecadesaftertheendofthecoldwar,allofthenuclearpowers

havebeeninexcusablynegligentaboutrethinkingnuclearstrategies,sharplyreducing

arsenalsandeliminatingneedlesslyriskypractices,includingsomethatcontributedto

(hismonth'scollision.Fortunately,thedamagetothesubmarineswasminor,andthe

warheadswerenotcompromised.BritishandFrenchmissiles,likethoseoftheUnited

Stales,areprotectedagainstaccidentallaunchordetonationof(heirwarheads.Buta

strongerimpactcouldhavesentbothsubsandtheircrewstothebottomandpossibly

dispersedplutoniumintosurroundingwaters.Thewarheadsonthetwosubmarinesthat

collidedcould,ifeverlaunched,killmillionsofpeople.AndBritainandFrancetogether

havefarfewerthan1.000nuclearwarheadsintheirarsenals.TheUnitedStatesand

Russiastillhavemorethan20,000.PresidentObamamustmovequicklytorevivearms

negotiationswiththeRussians-committingtodeepreductionsbothindeployed

weaponsandthemanythousandsmoreinstorage.HemustthenbringtheBritish,French

andChineseintothetalks.Themostimportantmissilestoretaininanyshrinkingarsenal

wouldbethosebasedonsubmarines.Becausetheyarequietandconstantlymoving,they

areessentiallyinvulnerabletopre-emptiveattack;thereislesspressuretousethemor

losethem.Thatadvantageisalsoattherootofthismonth'saccident.Thefournuclear

naviesoperatingintheAtlantic—American,British,FrenchandRussian—refuseto

discloseanyinformationaboutwhichpartsoftheoceantheirmissilesubmarinesoperate

in.Suchaccidentsarerare.Buttheycanandshouldbemaderarer.Thatcanbedone

withoutcompromisingsecurity.Aslongaswedependonnuclearweaponsfbrour

security,wewillhavetolivewithuncomfortablerisks.Governmentsmustkeepthose

riskstoanabsoluteminimumbyeliminatingthousandsofweaponsthatnolongerhave

anymilitaryjustiGcationandinsistingonthehighestpossiblesafetystandards.

6、Thecollisionoftwosubmarinesremindsusof.

A^thenecessitytokeepdestructiveweaponssafeandsecure

B、thelikelihoodofmorecollisionsunderiheAtlanticOcean

C、thehugenumberofnuclearweaponsdeployednearEurope

D、thenegligenceofsuperpowersaboutthermonuclearweapons

标准答案：A

知以点解析：根据第一段最后一句中的"It'saterrifyingreminderof...howlittle

thoughtisgiventokeepingthemassafeandsecureaspossible"，A应为答案。

7、Bysayingthewarheadswerenotcompromised,theauthormeansthattheywere

not.

A、exposed

B、impaired

C、disturbed

D、detonated

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据上下文，第三段第一句"Foriunately,ikedamageloihesubmarines

wasminor,andthewarheadswerenotcompromised''中的"compromised”意思应与

“damage”一致。所以，B应为答案。

8、Thecollisionoftwonuclearmissilesubmarineswasmostprobablycausedby.

A^(headherencetotheoutdatednuclearstrategies

B、theroutinedeploymentofdestructiveweapons

C、accidentallunchordetonationofnuclearwarheads

D、unnecessarilyperilousoperationsofnuclearpowers

标准答案：D

知识点解析;根据第二段中的“…eliminatingneedlesslyriskypractices>including

somethatcontributedtothismonth'scollision'',D应为答案。

9、Submarinenuclearmissilesarcthemostimportanttoretainbecausetheyarc.

A、noiselessandcontinuallymovingunderoceans

B、freefromthestrongpressureofbeingdestroyed

C、routinelydeployedbyBritain,France,andtheU.S.

D、virtuallyincapableofbeingdetectedanddestroyed

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第六段中的“…thereislesspressuretousethemorlosethem"，B

应为答案。

10>Theauthormaintainsthatwemust.

A、eliminateallthenuclearweaponsthoroughly

B、justifytheretentionofsomenuclearweapons

C、minimizetherisksposedbynuclearweapons

cometotermswiththeinsecurityoftheworld

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据最后一段中的“Aslongaswedependonnuclearweaponsibrour

security...risks.Governmentsmustkeepthoseriskstoanabsoluteminimum...,5,

C应为答案。

FriendsoftheEarthIn(ernational(FOE)hasjustissueditsreportNature-.PoorPeople's

WealthinconjunctionwiththeG8SummitofrichnationsatGleneaglesinScotland.The

FOEreportaimstohighlighttheimportanceofnaturalresourcesinpovertyeradication.

"Povertyisthegreatestshameandscandalofourera,"accordingtoFOE.Alltoo

predictably,agoodbitofthereportconsistsofatiresomestandard-issueanti­

globalizationscreedagainst"neoliberal"economicpoliciesardevil"transnational

corporations".FOEnotesthatpolicydebatesoverhowtoalleviatepoverty"tendto

emphasizethemonetaryaspectofpoverty,whereasmanyotherfactors—including

accesstoandcontrolovernaturalresourcesandland,employment,health,nutrition,

education,accesstoservices,conflict,politicalpowerandsocialinclusion—alsoplay

crucialroles".InmanyoftheinstancescitedhyFOEwherepoorpeopleandnatural

resourcesarebeingmisusedorabused,(herearenoclearpropenyrights.Insomecases,

thegovernmentssimplyassertownershipandrideroughshodoverthedesiresofthelocal

peoplewhowereundertheimpressionthatthelandwastheirs.Inothers,corruptnational

governmentscolludewithpowerfulintereststoseizepoorpeoples'landsandresources.

Amusingly,whiletheFOEreportinsistsonallkindsofrightsfortheworld'spoor,

includingenvironmental,human,political,collective,legal,andwomen'srights,thereis

inthereportnotasinglementionoftheword"property",asin"propertyrights".While

FOEistobecommendedforitssupportforrestoringstolenlandtopoorpeoplearound

(heglobe,itjustcannotbringitselftopermitindividualpoorpeopletoownland.

Consequently,mostofthe"sustainabledevelopment"schemesendorsedbyFOEinvolve

collectiveownershipoflandandnaturalresources.(Bycollectiveownership,FOEmost

emphaticallydoesnotmeancorporateownership.)Collectiveownershipbyadefined

groupisbetterthangovernmenttheft,butitlimitstheoptionsofthejointownerswhoare

subjecttothetyrannyofgenerallyconservativemajoritieswhostifleentrepreneurship.

Evidently,FOEwouldpreferthatpoorpeoplesitaroundvotingalldayratherthangetting

rich.FriendsoftheEarthwoulddowelltoread由eworkofPeruvianeconomist

HernandodeSoto,whohasminutelydetailedhowthelackofpropertyrightsthroughout

thedevelopingworldkeepsbillionspoor.Withoutcleartitletotheirland,houses,stores,

andsoforth,thepoorcannotselltheirassetsorborrowagainstthem.Sincetheir

"properties"arcsubjecttoseizureatthewhimofagovernmentbureaucrat,thepoorarc

understandablyreluctanttoinvestinimprovingthem.Thustheyremainpoor.Thepoor

benefitfromsecureprivatepropertyrightsevenmorethantherichdo.

11、WhatFOEreportconcernsmostis.

A、(heconsiderablealleviationofpoverty

B、thebetterutilizationofnaturalresources

C、themoney-makingvalueofnaturalresources

D^thethoroughcooperationwitheightrichnations

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据第一段第二句"TheFOEreportaimstohighlighttheimportanceof

naturalresourcesinovertyeradication”和第二段第三句"FOEnotesthatpolicydebates

overhowtoalleviatepoverty...A应为答案。

12、FOEchallengesinpovertyeradication.

A^(hemonetaryaspectofpoverty

neoliberaleconomicpolicies

C、politicalpowerandsocialstatus

D、(hepossessionofnaturalresources

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第二段第二句"...agoodbitofthereportconsistsofatiresome

standard—issueanti-globalizationscreedagainst'neoliberareconomicpolicies...B

应为答案。

ByintroducingthecasescitedbyFOE,theauthorintendstoshowthatpoor

people.

A^liveinabjectpoverty

B、sitaroundvotingallday

C、rejectcollectiveownership

D、havenoclearpropertyrights

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第三段介绍了FOE报告中所提到的三类事例。其核心都是“穷人没有

土地和资源的所有权”。所以，D应为答案。

14、TheauthortakesaattitudetowardtheFOErepon.

A^neutral

B、prudent

C、critical

D、detached

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第四段前两句“…thereisinthereportnotasinglementionofthe

word4property,'asin4propertyrights.'WhileFOE...globe»itjustcannotbringitself

topermitindividualpoorpeopletoownland"，C应为答案。

15、Theauthorbelievesthatthepovertyinthedevelopingworldresultsfrom.

A、thegrantofsecurepropertyrights

B、thedeprivationofprivatepropertyrights

C、theseizureofpropertiesbythegovernment

D^people'sreluctancetoimprovetheirproperties

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据最后一段可知，作者赞同“PeruvianeconomistHernandodeSoto”

的观点“thelacko{propertyrightsthroughoutthedevelopingworldkeepsbillions

poor“。所以，B应为答案。

Ataround1.65millionyearsago,anotherearlyhuman,Homoergaster,startedtocreate

toolsinaslightlydifferentfashion.Thisso-calledAchculcantraditionwasthetool-

makingtechnologyusedfornearlytheentireStoneAge,andpracticeduntil100,000

yearsago.Acheuleantools,suchashandaxesandcleavers,werelargerandmore

sophisticatedthantheirpredecessors*.Theymayhavebeenstatussymbolsaswellas

tools.HomoergasterfirstappearedinAfricaaround2millionyearsago,andinmany

waysresembledus.Thoughtheyhadbrowridges,(heyhadlostthestoopandlongarms

oftheirancestors.Theymayhavebeenevenmoreslenderthanusandwereprobably

well-adaptedtorunninglongdistances.Someexpertsbelievethattheywerethefirstto

sportlargelyhairlessbodies,andtosweat,thoughanothertheoryputsourhairlessness

downtoanaquaticphase.Onefamousexampleofamoremodernlookingearlyhumanis

theTurkanaboy,ateenagerwhenhedied,1.6millionyearsagoinKenya.Theshapeof

thisfossilshowedthatthehumanpelvishadreachedtoday'snarrowproportions.

Combinedwiththegrowingsizeofthehumanheadandbrain,thishadfar-reaching

iinpliuatiuiis;huinaiiwomuiinowneedhelpR)rasuccessfulbirlli;andhunianbabiesarc

bornearlier,andneedalongerperiodofchildhoodcare,thanthoseofapes.Mcat-cating,

however,mayhaveallowedustobecomeearlyweaners.H.ergastermayhavebeenthe

firstearlyhumantoleaveAfrica.Bonesdatedtoaround1.75millionyearsagohave

beenfoundinDmanisiinGeorgia.Shortlyafterwards,Homoerectusappeared-thefirst

earlyhumanwhosefossilshavebeenseeninlargenumbersoutsideofAfrica.Thefirst

specimendiscovered,asinglecranium,wasunearthedinIndcnesiain1891.H.erectus

washighlysuccessful,spreadingtomuchofAsiabetweenI.8and1.5millionyearsago,

andsurvivingasrecentlyas27,000yearsago.Thisspecies,withabrainvolumeof

around1000cm*wouldhaveinteractedwithmodernhumans.Theymayhavebeenthe

firstpeopletotaketotheseasandhabituallyhuntpreysuchasmammothsandwild

horses,although(hereissomedebateaboutthis.Theymayalsohaveharnessedtheuseof

fireandbuiltthefirstshelters.In2004,(heremainsofatinyandmysterioushuman

species,ihaimayhavelivedasrecentlyas13,000yearsago,wasdiscoveredonan

Indonesianisland.Morebonesofthe"hobbit",orHomolloresiensis,wereuncoveredin

2005.Somestudiessugges