考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷637

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷637

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

WhenitcomestoBarbie'sbody,itwillnolongerbeonesizefitsall.OnThursday,

Mattelunveiledcurvy,petiteandtallversionsofitsiconicfashiondollwhose

unrealisticallythinshapehasattractedcriticismfordecades.Thethreebodytypeswill

alsobesoldinanassortmentofskintones,eyecolorsandhairstyles.Themoveisabout

morethanjustmakingBarbielookdifferent.WhileBarbiewasonceMattel'spowerhouse

brand,saleshaveplummetedinrecentyearsasthedollhasstruggledtoremainrelevant

tolittlegirlswhodonotlooklikeherandwhoplaywithtoysotherthandolls."Thisis

aboutdrawingawiderdemographicthathadturnedawayfromBarbiebacktoBarbie,"

saidJimSilver,theeditorofatoyreviewwebsite.Butsomeindustryexpertsand

academicshavelongdoubledthatcosmeticchanges—whetherracialorbodyshapes—

canrevivethepopularityofthe57-year-oldBarbie,whosesaleshavebeendecliningby

double-digitsinrecentyears.Executiveshavebeenoptimistic,pointingtosignsthat

Barbie'sin-storesalesbeganpickinguplastyear.Theslumpingsalesmayalsobepartly

attributedtotheshiftawayfromtraditionaltoystowardelectronicsandgamesinrecent

years,asmanyparentsandchildrenhaveclamoredforlessgender-specifictoys.Even

Lego,theworld'stoptoymaker,hashadtoalteritsstrategyandsomeofitsbuilding

blocklinestoaccommodatethegrowthinthemarketforlearningtoysthatappealtoboys

andgirls.FacedwithweakeningsalesinitscorebrandslikeBarbie,andcriticismthatit

wastooslowtopickupontrends,Mattelhasundertakenanumberofeffortstoimprove

innovation.Barbie'snewshapesalsocoincidewithaprogressiveculturalshiftalready

underwayinstoresandthetoyaisles.Parentsandmanyhealthexpertshavecomplained

thattoomanydolls,modelsandevenclothingcompaniesconformtoanextremelythin,

evenanorexic,bodytypeandhavepressuredcorporationstoofferabroadervarietyof

imagesandapparelsizestogivegirlsandboysmoreconfidenceintheirownbody

shapes.Andsomeparents,concernedaboutnegativegenderstereotypes（aracecarfora

son,aprincessdollloradaughter）,havepushedretailersintomoregender-neutral

territory.TheDisneyStore,forexample,decidedtolabelallofitschildren'sHalloween

costumesas"forkids,"asopposedtoforboysorgirls.Amazon,whichbysomemeasures

accountsformorethanhalfofallonlinesales,hasbanishedgenderdistinctionsforits

1、AccordingtoJimSilver,Barbieaddscurvy,petiteandtalltobodyshapesinorder

to.

A、makeBarbielookdifferentinskintones,eyecolorsandhairstyles

B>catertogirlswhodonotlooklikeBarbieandwhoplaywithothertoys

C^letawiderrangeofpeoplewholoseinterestinBarbielikeBarbieagain

D、letmorepeoplefromdifferentcountrieswhohaveneverknownBarbieloveBarbie

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段。该段最后一句"Thisisabout

drawingawiderdemographicthathadturnedawayfromBarbiebacktoBarbie”是吉姆-

西尔弗的观点，意思是“这是为了让那些对芭比失去兴趣的更广泛的人群重新爱上

芭比"，故C项为正确答案。

2、WhatdosomeindustryexpertsandacademicsthinkofBarbie'schange?

A、It'stoooldfbrBarbietovaryitsraceandbodyshapes.

B、ThechangeofmakeupmaynotmakeBarbiepopularagain.

C^Barbiecannotbeinaccordancewithcustomerpreferences.

D、Barbiecanrepresentmoregirlswithdifferentracialandbodyshapes.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词定位到第三段。该段第一句较片，句子主干

是Butsomeindustryexpertsandacademicshavelongdoubtedthat...,表不态度的关

键词是doubted“怀疑”。怀疑的具体内容是山沆引导的宾语从句，即“妆容的改变-

—不管是种族还是体形——并不能让57岁的芭比重受欢迎”，故B项符合文意。

3、WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A、Electronicsandgamestendtobelessgender-specific.

B、Legowilloffergirlsmorecareer-orientedtoys.

C、Legowillshiftallofitsenergiestoproducinglearningtoys.

D、Mattelisnotgoodatusingnewtechnologyandinnovativeapproach.

标准答案：A:…

知识点解析：推断题。艰据题干关键词定位到第四段。该段首句指出Theslumping

salesmayalsobepartlyattributedtotheshiftawayfromtraditionaltoystoward

electronicsandgamesinrecentyears,asmanyparentsandchildrenhaveclamoredfbr

lessgender-specifictoys.由此可推断出，电子玩具和电子游戏是没有鲜明性别特色

的，故A项为正确答案。

4、Accordingtothepassage,parentsandmanyhealthexperts.

A、complainthattherearetoomanydollsandmodels

B、thinkthatanextremelythinbodytypeiscomfortable

C、forceclothingcompanytobringpressuretoothercorporations

D、hopethatchildrenaremoreconfidentoftheirownbodyshapes

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词定位到第五段。该段第二句句末的不定式短

语togivegirlsandboysmoreconfidenceintheirownbodyshapes（让女孩和男孩们对

自己的体形更有信心）故D项为正确答案。

5、TheintroductionofDisneyandAmazonhelpstoillustratethat.

A、theytrytohelpkidsbuildself-confidence

B、thereisnobasisfbrsomeparents5concerns

C、theyrejectthenegativegenderstereotypesfromthestart

D、therearesomeclothesandtoysthatarelessgender-specificinretailstores

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第六段。由该段中的forexample可

将答案定位在第一句Andsomeparents,concernedaboutnegativegenderstereotypes

havepushedretailersintomoregender-neutraltciritory（有些父母担心性别固有思维会

给孩子带来负面影响，这促使零售商们购进更中性的玩具），所以迪上尼和亚马逊

就属于这样的商家，故D项正确。

December21markedanepoch.Psy,thestagenameof34-year-oldParkJae-sang,

becamethefirstartisttoget1billionviewsonYouTubewithGangnamStyle.Butg'obal

blockbusterhits,inwhatevergenre,havecometoseemaUSnichemarket.Itwas

MichaelJackson'spopularityinthe1980sthatstartedthisglobalstyleinpopculture.In

contrastto,say,TheBeaties,whohadanunmistakablyEnglishstylethatbecame

globallypopular,Jackson'smusic,aningeniouscollectionofdiscorhythmsandnonsense

phrases,didn'tseemtocomefromanyculture.WhyhaveAmericanssodominatedthe

globalisedpartofpopularcultureuptillnow?TheUShaslittleinthewayofcultural

infrastructureabroad,likeGermany'sGoetheInstitutesortheBritishCouncil.Andthat

shouldnotmatter.TheUShasbenefitedfromintangibleadvantages.Itusesthelingua

franca,theculturalequivalentofprintingareservecurrency.Theirhomeaudiencemay

bethepivotaladvantageUSartistshave.AsthewriterToddGitlinputityearsago:'By

thetimeitleavesourshores,USpopularculturehasbeen'pretested'inaheterogeneous

public—ahugeinternalmarketwithhybridtastesandatraditionofjuxtapositionand

recombiningdisparateelements,meltingthemdownintoaHollywoodmelange."Butyou

couldaseasilysay"dumbingdown"as"meltingdown".Culturallyspeaking,thediverse

USaudiencegivesandittakesaway.AnAmericanartistwhowantstoappealtoavariety

ofUSculturalcommunitiesdoessonotbymasteringtheculturesofothersbutby

strippingawaythoseelementsofhisownthatmightrequireexplanation.USsocietyis

indeeddiverse,butforthatveryreasonAmericanpopularcultureishomogeneous.

Americansunderstandthispoorly.WhattheUShasisnotanationalgeniusbutwealth,

prestigeandglamour.Theworldisalwayscuriousabouthowwealthy,prestigiousand

glamorouspeopledance,fightandfallinlove.Obviously,theproducersandventure

capitalistswhodrivetheentertainmentindustrywillhappilyturntheirfocustowardsany

countrythatcanproduceblockbusters.Buttheheartoftheproblemiselsewhere.Should

theUSreputationformismanagement,profligacyandtrillion-dollargovernmentdeficits

continuetogrow,non-UScorporateexecutiveswouldatsomepointaskwhytheyare

payinganarchitecttodesignaconferenceroomlikethoseinManhattan.Culturefollows

wealth,prestigeandglamour.AstheUSshareofthesedeclines,theworld'sviewersmay

cometopreferSleeplessinSeoultoSleeplessinSeattle.

6、Itcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphthat.

A、PsyhitNo.Iforhisnon-AngloAmericanstyle

B、GangnamStyledidn'tmakeaglobalblockbuster

C>MichaelJackson'smusicreflectednoborders

D、TheBeatiesbeatJacksonwiththeirclear-cutphraseology

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。第一段最后一句指出，迈克尔-杰克逊与披头士不同，披头

士的音乐因具特色鲜明的英伦风范闻名世界，而迈克尔・杰克逊的音乐融合了辿斯

科节奏以及无内在含义的词句，无法看出任何文化背景。所以C项正确。

7、ToddGitlin'swordsarccitedtoillustratethatAmericanartists.

A、benefitfromusingthelinguafranca

B、profitbytheirdiversehomeaudience

C、havebeenputinseveretests

D、aregettingdumbeddown

标准答案：B

知识点解析；推断题。根据题干定位到第三段第三句。作者指出美国艺术家因其本

国观众群而受益匪浅；第四句指出美国文化在走出国门之前，就已经接受过多元文

化的考验，已经融合了多种文化元素。所以B项正确。

8、TheauthorsuggeststhattheeffectofthediverseUSaudienceinAmericanpopular

cultureis.

A、harmful

profound

C、questionable

D、double-edged

标准答案：D

知识点解析：态度题。文章第三段阐述了美国多元化观众群对美国文化的有利影响

即经受多元文化的考验，更有可能符合全球观众口味；第四段介绍了它的不利影

响：为了迎合多元化观众群的口味，艺术家可能舍弃自己所属的文化的因素，从而

导致文化的高度同质化，最终导致文化的无特色。由此可见，作者认为多元化观众

群对美国文化起着双刃剑的作用。所以D项正确。

9、It'simpliedinParagraph5thatAmericans.

A、misjudgetheintentionofpeopleabroadbuyingfromthem

B、exaggeratetheroleofcreativityintheirpopularculture

C>overestimatetheglamouroftheirpopularculture

D、failtomeettheneedsoftheproducersandventurecapitalists

标准答案：A

知识点解析•：推断题。第五段指出美国人并不知道海外人士购买其产品（接受其文

化）只是囚为人们好奇有钱、有想象力、有魅力人士的文化生活而已，而美国目前

的财富、影响力、魅力地位决定了全世界人们对其文化的关注。由此可见，美国人

没能正确判断海外人士购买本土产品的意图。所以A项正确。

10、Thelastsentenceofthetextactuallymeansthat.

A、theUSeconomyislosingitsworldleadingposition

B、theKoreancultureisgainingitsglobalpopularity

C、theUScultureisweakeningitsleadingrole

D、theUScultureisgivingitsplacetotheKoreanone

标准答案：c-」

知识点解析：推断题。文章第五段明确指出，美国文化在全球的领导地位在于其财

富、影响力及魅力的领导地位；第六段指出美国财富、影响力及魅力因其企业管理

不善、挥霍浪费等重重问题而招致全球质疑，导致美国文化受到直接影响，使得

《西雅图不眠夜》直接让位于《首尔不眠夜》。言外之意为，美国文化的领导地位

正在弱化。注意此处的《西雅图不眠夜》指代美国文化，而《首尔不眠夜》实则指

代其他国家文化，并不一定特指韩国文化。所以C项正确。

Twentyyearsagoadebateeruptedaboutwhethertherewerespecific"Asianvalues".

Butamoreintriguing,iflessnoticed,argumentwasthattraditionalfamilyvalueswere

strongerinAsiathaninAmericaandEurope,andthispanlyaccountedforAsia's

economicsuccess.InthewordsofLeeKuanYew,formerprimeministerofSingapore,

theAsianfamilyencouraged"scholarshipandhardworkandthrift'*.Hisclaimappears

persuasive.InmostofAsia,marriageiswidespreadandillegitimacyalmostunknown.In

contrast,halfofmarriagesinsomeWesterncountriesendindivorce,andhalfofall

childrenarebornoutsidewedlock.YetmarriageischangingfastinAsia.Thechangesare

differentfromthosethattookplaceintheWestinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.

What'shappeninginAsiaisaflightfrommarriage.Marriageratesarcfallingpartly

becausepeoplearepostponinggettingmarried.Marriageageshaverisenalloverthe

world,buttheincreaseisparticularlymarkedinAsia.Peopletherenowmarryevenlater

thantheydointheWest.ThemeanageofmarriageintherichestplacesofAsiahasrisen

sharplyinthepastfewdecades.AlotofAsiansarenotmarryinglater.Theyarenot

marryingatall.AlmostathirdofJapanesewomenintheirearly30sareunmarried;

probablyhalfofthosewillalwaysbe.Womenareretreatingfrommarriageastheygo

intotheworkplace.That'spartlybecause,forawoman,beingbothemployedandmarried

istoughinAsia.Womentherearctheprimarycaregiversfbrhusbands,childrenand,

often,tbrageingparents;andevenwheninfull-timeemployment,theyareexpectedto

continuetoplaythisrole.Notsurprisingly,Asianwomenhaveanunusuallypessimistic

viewofmarriage.Atthesametimeasemploymentmakesmarriagetougherforwomen,

itoffersthemanalternative.Morewomenarefinanciallyindependent,somoreofthem

canpursueasinglelifethatmayappealmorethanthedrudgeryofatraditionalmarriage.

Theflightfrommarriageisalsocreatingsocialproblems.ComparedwiththeWest,

Asiancountrieshaveinvestedlessinpensionsandotherformsofsocialprotection,on

theassumptionthatthefamilywilllookafterageingorillrelatives.Thatcannolongerbe

takenforgranted.Thedeclineofmarriageisalsocontributingtothecollapsein(hebirth

rate.Thatisbeginningtocausehugedemographicproblems,aspopulationsagewith

startlingspeed.Also,marriagesocializesmen:itisassociatedwithlesscriminal

behavior.Lessmarriagemightmeanmorecrime.

11、WelearnfromParagraphs1and2that.

A^therewerenospecificAsianvaluestwentyyearsago

B、Asia'seconomicdevelopmentisduetoitstraditionalfamilyvalues

C、AsianfamiliesseemtobequitedifferentfromWesternones

D^AsianviewonmarriagehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternsociety

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。根据关键词定位至文章的第一段和第二段。第一段第二句指

出，一个有趣的观点认为，传统的家庭观念在亚洲比在美国和欧洲更牢同

(traditionalfamilyvalueswerestrongerinAsiathaninAmericaandEurope)o第二段贝I

举例证明这一观点：在亚洲I,结婚的现象普遍，未婚生子现象很少见，而在西方却

恰恰相反，西方人的婚姻有半数以离婚告终，一半的新生儿为私生子。亚洲人的婚

姻虽然正在发生变化，但这种变化同西方在20世纪后半叶所经历的变化却有所不

同(ThechangesaredifferentfromthosethattookplaceintheWest...)。故C项正确。

12、WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraphs3and4?

A^MarriageagesinAsiahaverisenmoregreatlythanthoseintheWest.

B、Asianpeopletendtogetmarriedlaterthanpeopleofothernations.

C、Marriageagesofwomenchangedmoreremarkablythanthoseofmen.

D、Halfoftheover30-year-oldJapanesewomenwillnotgetmarried.

标准答案：A」

知识点解析：细节题。根据题目要求定位至文章的第三段和第四段。第三段第二、

三句指出，世界范围内都存在婚龄推后的现象(Marriageageshaverisenalloverthe

world),但在亚洲，结婚年龄的增长尤为显著(buttheincreaseisparticularlymarked

inAsia),如今，亚洲人甚至要比西方人还晚结婚。由此可知，亚洲人结婚年龄的

增长比西方人结婚年龄的增长更为显著，故A项符合文意，为正确答案。

13、Asianwomentendtoretreatfrommarriagepartlybecause.

A、theyhavetolookafterallthefamilymembersifmarried

B、itisextremelydifficulttobalancefamilyandwork

C、theyareeagertogetaheadintheworkplace

D、theyarereluctanttoshareearningswithfamilymembers

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。本题就亚洲女性逃避婚姻的原因进行提问，根据题干中的关

键词Asianwomentendtoretreatfrommarriage定位至文章第五、六段。第五段第一

句指出，女性进入职场的同时也从婚姻中撤出(retreatingfrommarriage),接着第二

句指出，部分原因在于既要工作又要维持婚姻对于亚洲女性而言会非常艰辛(b,ing

bothemployedandmarriedistoughinAsia)。第三句对此加以解释在亚洲,丈夫、孩

子甚至年迈的父母主要都由女人来照顾，即便女性拥有全职工作，人们也会期待她

们继续充当这一角色。这种艰难的处境使得亚洲女性对于婚姻的看法格外悲观，因

此不愿结婚。所以，是家庭与工作的双重压力使女性对步人婚姻殿堂形成了心理上

的障碍，故B项正确。

14、ThesocialproblemsbroughtbytheflightfrommarriageinAsiainclude.

A、theincreasingfinancialburdenonAsiangovernments

B、thegrowingfeelingofalienationamongpeople

C、theunhealthydevelopmentofAsianpopulation

D、theworseperformanceofmenatwork

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。本题主要考查人们逃避婚姻所带来的社会问题，故定位至第

七段。第七段第四至六句指出，逃避婚姻会导致人口出生率的大幅下滑，而人口老

龄化也在飞快加速，这将带来巨大的人口结构问题，故C项正确。

15、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?

A、FlightfrommarriageamongAsianwomen.

B、ThedisappearanceofAsianfamilyvalues.

C、SeriousdemographicproblemsinAsia.

D、ThedeclineofmarriageinAsia.

标准答案：D'

知识点解析：主旨题。本题考查考生对文章主旨大意的把握，故需要通读全文，梳

理各段段落大意。文章前两段首先指出，有观点认为传统的家庭观念在亚洲要比在

美国和欧洲更牢固，但是这种情况正在发生变化，目前很多亚洲人正在逃避婚姻。

第三、四段作者则描述了亚洲人逃避婚姻的具体表现：结婚年龄的显著增长以及不

婚人数的增加，尤其是不婚女性的增加。第五、六段则具体分析了亚洲女性逃避婚

姻的原因：家庭和工作的双重压力，另外工作使她们经济独立，也为她们逃避婚姻

提供了条件。第七段作者指出了逃避婚姻所带来的社会问题。显然，本文主要论述

了亚洲结婚率下降的现象、原因及其影响，四个选项中只有D项抓住了文章的核

心，最能准确、全面地概括文章的主要内容，故为正确答案。

Wheneverythingisavailableforsaleonyoursmartphone,whyisyourmailboxstill

filledwithcatalogs?Theold-schoolmarketingformathassurvivedtoplayacrucial

creativeroleinmodernc-commcrce.Today,thecatalogisbaitforcustomers,likeastore

windowdisplay,andasourceofinspiration,thewayroamingthroughstoreaislescanbe.

Thehopeisshopperswillmarkpagestheylikeandthenheadonline,orintoastore,to

buy.Today'scatalogsarenolongerphone-book-sizecompilationsofeveryitemaretailer

sells.Instead,theyhavefewerpagesandmerchandisedescriptions,andmoreandbigger

photosandlifestyleimages.Forretailers,creatingtheinspirationcomeswithheftycosts,

includingexpensivephotoshootsandrisingpostagerates.However,thepotentialfbr

boostingsaleshasbroughtnewinterestinprintcatalogs.Someretailersfounded

primarilyonlineareenteringthefray,includingBonobos,themenswearbrandbuilton

theideaofbetter-fittingpants.Marketersmailed11.9billioncatalogsin2013,according

totheDirectMarketingAssociation,markingthefirstuptickinyears.Totalcatalog

circulationisstillfarbelowthe2007peakof19.6billion.The2008recessionforced

catalogcompaniestocutdeadwoodoutoftheirmailinglistsandgetsmarterabouthow

andwhentheymail.Duetocatalogs,thesaleamountisrising."Now,some20%ofthe

website'sfirst-timecustomersareplacingtheirorderafterhavingreceivedacatalog,,

saysCraigElbert,vicepresidentofmarketingfbrBonobos.Theyspend1.5timesas

muchasnewshopperswhodidn'treceiveacatalogfirst.However,catalogsrequire

monthsofadvanceplanningandproduction."It'seasytofakeoutayogastudiosoit

lookslikewinter,"saysTessRoering,Athletavicepresidentofcreativeandmarketing.

Butforskiing,shesays,"Weneedtogotoplacesthathaverealsnow."Thus,theAthleta

teamissettotraveltoNewZealandinafewmonths.Besides,longcatalog-makingleads

brandsintospecificproducts.AfterAthletafeaturedblue-and-yellowrunningtightsonits

Aprilcatalogcover,thetightsarrivedinstores10dayslate.Catalogssentshoppersto

storesforaproductthatwasn'tthere."It'sdisappointing,"Ms.Rocringsays,"however,

oncethetightswereinstock,theysoldwell.Soeverycoinhastwosides."

16、Thepurposeofretailers'sendingtraditionalcatalogsisto.

A、appealtoconsumerstobuythecatalogs

B、giveconsumersinspirationofdesigningcatalogs

C、presentconsumerstheirproductsandhopetomakeadeal

D、givecons