考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷14

考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷14

一、阅读9翻译句子）（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共

30分。）

[Fl]Thisissur）DOsedlobeanenlighlenedage,bulyouwouldn'tihinksoifonly」ou

couldhearwhaliheaveragemanihinksofiheaveragewoman.Womenwontheir

independenceyearsago.Afteralong,bitterstruggle,theynowenjoythesame

educationalopportunitiesasmeninmostpartsoftheworld.Theyhaveprovedrepeatedly

thattheyareequalandoftensuperiortomeninalmosteveryfield.Thehard-foughtbattle

forrecognitionhasbeenwon,butitisthroughnomeansover.[F2]Itismen.not

womenwhostillcanyonthesexwarbecauseIheirattituderemainsbasicallyhostile,

eveninihemos【progressivesocielies,womenconlinueloberegardedassecond-rale

citizens.Tohearsomementalk,you'dthinkthatwomenbelongedtoadifferentspecies!

Onthesurface,thecommentsmadethroughmenaboutwomen'sabilitiesseemlight­

hearted.Thesametiredjokesaboutwomendriversarerepeateddayinanddayout.This

apparentlightheartednessdoesnotconcealtherealcontemptthatmenfeelforwomen.

Howevermuchmensneeratwomen,theirclaimstosuperiorityarenotborneoutthrough

statistics.Let'sconsiderthematterofdriving,forinstance.Weallknowthatwomen

causefarfeweraccidentsthanmen.Theyaretooconscientiousandresponsibletodrive

likemaniacs.Butthisisaminorquibble.Womenhavesucceededinanyjobyoucareto

name.[F3]Aspoliticians,soldiers,doctors,factoryhands,universityprofessors,

farmers,companydirectors,lawyers,bus-conductors,scientistsandpresidentsof

countriestheyhaveoftenputmentoshame.Andwcmustrememberthattheyfrequently

succeedbrilliantlyinallthesefieldsinadditiontobearingandrearingchildren.Yetmen

goonmaintainingthefictionthattherearemanyjobswomencannotdo.[F4]Top

levelpoliticalnegotiationbetweencountries,businessandbankingarealmostentirely

controlled[hroughmen,whojealouslyguardiheirso-called"rights”.Eveninotherwise

enlightenedplaceslikeSwitzerlandwomenhaven（evenbeengiventhevote.This

situationispreposterous!Thetruthisthatmenclingtotheirsupremacybecauseoftheir

basicinferioritycomplex.Theyshunrealcompetition.Theyknowintheirheartsthat

womenaresuperiorandtheyareafraidofbeingbeatenattheirowngame.Oneofthe

mostimportanttasksintheworldistoachievepeacebetweenthenations.[F5]You

canbesurethatifonlywomenwereallowed[ositroundtheconferencetable,ihey

wouldsucceedbrilliantly,astheyalwaysdo,wheremenhavefailedforcenturies.

K[Fl]

标准答案：人们认为当今的时代是一个开明的时代，可是如果你能听到普通男人是

怎么说普通女人的，你就不会这么想了。

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、[F2]

标准答案：仍然继续进行这场性别之战的是男人而非女人，因为在根本上男人对女

人仍保持着敌对的态度，即使在最进步的社会里，女人仍然被认为是二等公民。

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、[F3]

标准答案：作为政治家、军人、医生、工厂工人、大学教授、农场主、公司主管、

律师、巴上司机.科学家以及国家总统等等，她们经常使男人显得相形见细。

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、[F4]

标准答案：国家、商业、银行业之间的高层政治谈判几乎完全控制在男人手中，他

们满怀嫉妒地捍卫着他们所谓的“权力

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、(F51

标准答案：你可以确信，如果允许女人坐在会议桌旁，在这个男人失败了几个世纪

的地方，女人会像她们一直以来都获得成功那样，取得辉煌的成功。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Muchhasbeenwrittenaboutpovertybutnoneoftheaccountsseemtogetattherooiof

theproblem.Itmustbenotedthatthedebilitatingeffectsofpovertyarenotonlythe

resultoflackofmoneybutarcalsotheresultofpowerlessness.[Fl]Thepoorarc

subjecttotheirsocialsituationinsteadofbeingable2affectitthroughaction,thatis,

throughbehavior(hatflowsfromanindividualsdecisionsandplans.Inotherwords,

whensocialscientistshavereportedonthepsychologicalconsequencesofpoverty,it

seemsreasonabletobelievethattheyhavedescribedthepsychologicalconsequencesof

powerlessness.Thesolutiontopovertymostfrequentlysuggestedistohelpthepoor

securemoremoneywithoutotherwisechangingthepresentpowerrelationships.This

appearstoimplementtheideaofequalitywhileavoidinganyunnecessarythreattothe

establishedcentersofpower.Butsincetheconsequencesofpovertyarerelatedto

powerlessness,nottotheabsolutesupplyofmoneyavailabletothepoor,andsincethe

amountofpowerpurchasablewithagivensupplyofmoneydecreasesasasociety

acquiresalargesupplyofgoodsandservices,thesolutionofraisingtheincomesof(he

poorislikely,unlessaccompaniedbyothermeasures,tobeineffectiveinawealthy

society.Inordertoreducepoverty-relatedpsychologicalandsocialproblemsinthe

UnitedStates,themajorcommunitywillhavetochangeitsrelationshiptoneighborhoods

ofpovertyinsuchfashionthatfamiliesintheneighborhoodshaveagreaterinterestinthe

broadersocietyandcanmoresuccessfullyparticipateinthedecision-makingprocessof

diesuiiouudiuguuiiiiiiunily.Suuialaulionluhelpthepuuishouldhavethefollowing

characteristics:First,thepoorshouldseethemselvesasthesourceoftheaction.[F2]

Second,[heactionshouldeffeclinmajorwaysthepreconcemionsofinstitutionsand

personswhodefinethepoor;theactionshoulddemandmuchineffectorskill.[F3]

Third,theactionshouldbesuccessfulandthesuccessfulself-originatedimportantaction

shouldincreasethefeelingofpotentialworthandindividualDowerofindividualswho

arepoor.(F4]Th>onlyinitialresourcewhichacommunityshouldprovidelo

neighborhoodsof[overlyshouldbeonalemporarybasisandshouldconsislof

organizerswhowillenableiheneighborhoodsquickly【ocreateDowerful,inder)endenL

democraticorganizationsofthepoor.[F5]Throughsuchorganizations,thepoorwill

thennegotiatewiththeoutsidersforresourcesandopportunitieswithouthavingtosubmit

toconcu门entcontrolfromoutside.

6、[Fl]

标准答案：穷人容易受池们所处的社会状况的影响，而不能通过行动来影响社会状

况，也就是说不能通过产生于个人的决定和计划中的行动来影响社会状况。

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、[F2]

标准答案：其次，行为应该更多地影响社会团体和那些确定穷人范围者的偏见；行

动应该在作用或技能方面多提要求。

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、[F3]

标准答案：最后，行动应当成功，成功的、自发的重要行动将增强穷人的潜在价值

感以及穷人的个体力量。

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、[F4]

标准答案：一个社区应该给贫穷的邻居提供早期的物质支持，这种物质支持应该建

立在临时基础之上，这些活动应该包括一些组织的组织者，那些组织者能够使邻居

迅速创建穷人的有影响的、独立、民主的组织。

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、[F5]

标准答案：通过这样的组织，穷人将获得与外界洽谈的资源和机会，而不必同时屈

从于来自外界的控制。

知识点解析：暂无解析

[Fl]Itistheworld'sfourth-most-imDortan[foodcrop,aftermaize,wheatandrice,

whichprovidesmorecalories,morequickly,usinglesslandandinawiderrangeof

climatesihananyotherplant.Itis,ofcourse,thepotato.TheUnitedNationshasdeclared

2008theInternationalYearofthePotato.Ithopesthatgreaterawarenessofthemeritsof

potatoeswillcontributetotheachievementofitsMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,by

helpingtoalleviatepoverty,improvefoodsecurityandpromoteeconomicdevelopment.

Itisalwaystheinternationalyearofthisormonthofthat.[F2]Butthepotato'sunusual

historymeansitiswellworthcelebratingbyreadersofTheEconomistbecause[hecotato

isintertwinedwitheconomicdevelopmentHadeliberalisationandglobalisation.

Unlikelythoughitseems,thepotatopromotedeconomicdevelopmentbyunderpinning

theindustrialrevolutioninEnglandinthe19thcentury.Itprovidedacheapsourceof

caloriesandwaseasytocultivate,soitliberatedworkersfromtheland.Potatoesbecame

popularinthenorthofEngland,aspeopletherespecialisedinlivestockfarmingand

domesticindustry,whilefarmersinthesouth(whcrcthesoilwasmore

suitable)concentratedonwheatproduction.[F3]Byahapeyaccidentihisconcentrated

industrialactivityiniheregionswherecoalwasreadilyavailable,andapotato-driven

DODulationboomaovidedampleworkersforthenewfactories.FriedrichEngelseven

declaredthatthepotatowastheequalofironforits"historicallyrevolutionaryrole".The

potatopromotedfreetradebycontributingtotheabolitionofBritain'sCornLaws—the

causewhichpromptedthefoundingofTheEconomistin1843.TheCornLawsrestricted

importsofgrainintotheUnitedKingdominordertoprotectdomesticwheatproducers.

[F4]LandownerssupDortedthelaws,sincecheapinrortedgrainwouldreducetheir

income,butindustrialistsopposedthembecauseimponswoulddrivedownthecostof

food,allowingpeopletospendmoreonmanufacturedgoods.Ultimatelyitwasnotthe

eloquenceoftheargumentsagainsttheCornLawsthatledtotheirabolition—andmore's

thepity.ItwasthetragedyoftheIrishpotatofamineof1845,inwhich1millionIrish

perishedwhenthepotatocroponwhichtheysubsistedsuccumbedtoblight.[F5]The

needtoimportgraintorelievethesituationinIrelandfbreedthegovernment,whichwas

dominatedbylandownerswhobackedtheCornLaws,【oreverseitsposition.Thispaved

thewayforliberalisationinotherareas,andfreetradebecameBritishpolicy.Asthe

DukeofWellingtoncomplainedatthetime,"rottenpotatoeshavedoneitall."

11、[Fl]

标准答案：在世界的粮食作物中，它的重要性仅次于玉米、小麦和稻谷。与其他农

作物相比，它能够提供更多的热量，生长速度更快，而所占土地面积却比它们要

少，适宜它生长的气候条件也更广。

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、[F2]

标准答案：但是马铃薯不寻常的历史意味着它非常值得《经济学人》读者们赞美-

-因为马铃薯的历史与经济发展、贸易自由化及全球化是交织在一起的。

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、[F3]

标准答案：完全巧合的是，这使得工业集中在这个煤炭资源丰富的地区，而马铃薯

养活的大批人口又为新的工厂提供了充足的劳动力。

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、[F4]

标准答案：土地拥有者支持这项法律，因为便宜的进口粮食会让他们的收入减少，

但工厂主则反对这项法律，因为进口会让食品价格降低，这样人们就会把更多的钱

花在工业产品上。

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、[F5]

标准答案：爱尔兰需要进口粮食来缓解灾情，这迫使由支持《谷物法》的土地拥有

者组成的政府不得不改弦易辙。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Economics,asweknowit,isthesocialscienceconcernedwiththeproduction,

distribution,exchange,andconsumptionofgoodsandservices.Economistsfocusonthe

wayinwhichindividuals,groups,businessenterprises,andgovernmentsseektoachieve

efficientlyanyeconomicobjectivetheyselect.[Fl]Othcifieldsofstudyalso

contribute2thisknowledge:Psychologyandethicstry[oexplainhowobjectivesarc

formed,historyrecordschangesinhumanobjectives、andsociologyinterpretshuman

behaviorinsocialcontexls.Standardeconomicscanbedividedintotwomajorfields.

[F2]Thefirst,pricetheoryormicroeconomics,explainshowtheinterplayofSUDNY

anddemandincomDetitivemarketscreatesamultitudeofindividualprices,wagerales,

profitmargins,andrentalchanges.Microeconomicsassumesthatpeoplebehave

rationally.Consumerstrytospendtheirincomeinwaysthatgivethemasmuchpleasure

aspossible.Ase-conomistssay,theymaximizeutility.Fortheirpart,entrepreneursseek

asmuchprofitastheycanextractfromtheiroperations.Thesecondfield,

macroeconomics,dealswithmodernexplanationsofnationalincomeandemployment.

Macroeconomicsdatesfromthebook,TheGeneralTheoryofEmployment,Interest,and

Money(1935),bytheBritisheconomistJohnMaynardKeynes.Hisexplanationof

prosperityanddepressioncentersonthetotaloraggregatedemandforgoodsandservices

byconsumers,businessinvestors,andgovernments.[F3]Because,accordinglo

Keynes,inadeaualelotaldemandincreasesunemploymenl.iheindicatedcureiseilher

moreinveslmentbybusinessesormorespendingandconseauentlYlargerbudgetdeficits

bygovernment.Economicissueshaveoccupiedpeople'smindsthroughouttheages.

[F4]AristotleandPlatoinancientGreecewroteaboutproblemsofwealth,property,

andtrade,bothofwhomwereprejudicedagainstcommerce,feelingthattolivebytrade

wasundesirable.TheRomansborrowedtheireconomicideasfromtheGreeksand

showedthesamecontemptfortrade.[F5]DuringtheMiddleAgestheeconomicideas

oftheRomanCatholicchuichwereexpressedin[helawofihechurch,whichcondemned

thetakingofinterestformoneyloanedandregardedcommerceasinferiortoagriculture.

Economicsasasubjectofmodernstudy,distinguishablefrommoralphilosophyand

politics,datesfromthework,InquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthof

Nations(1776),bytheScottishphilosopherandeconomistAdamSmith.Mercantilism

andphysiocracywereprecursorsoftheclassicaleconomicsofSmithandhis19th-

centurysuccessors.

16、[Fl]

标准答案：其他领域的研究也有助于对此的理解：心理学和伦理学试图解释目标是

如何形成的，历史记录着人们所追求的目标的变化，社会学则从社会环境的角度来

解释人们的行为。

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、[F2]

标准答案：第一个领域，价格理论或微观经济学，解释在竞争的市场中供需间的相

互作用是怎样导致了大量的个别价格、工资率、利润空间和租金的变化。

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、[F3]

标准答案：因为，按照凯恩斯的理论，不充分的总体需求会增加失业，建议的解决

方式是扩大企业投资或增加政府开支，继而增加预算赤字。

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、[F4]

标准答案：古希腊的亚里士多德和柏拉图都在著作中谈到财•富、财产和贸易问题，

两人都对商业持有偏见。认为靠生意来谋生是不足取的。

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、[F5]

标准答案：在中世纪，罗马天主教会的经济学思想表达在其教法中，教法谴责从借

贷中获利的行为，并认为商业地位劣于农.业。

知识点解析：暂无解析

[Fl]Aleakedsludyexamininggenetically・modifiedcornrevealsihatihelab-made

alternativetoorganiccropscontainsastartlingleveloftoxicchemicals.[F2]Ananti­

GMOwebsitehaspostedtheresultsofaneducation-basedconsultingcompany's

comparisonofcorntypes,andtheresultsrevealthatgeneticallymodifiedfoodsmaybe

morehazardousthanoncethought.Thestudy,the2012CornComparisonReportby

ProfitPro,waspublishedrecentlyonthewebsiteforMomsAcrossAmericaMarchto

LabelGMOs,agroupthatsaystheywishto"raiseawarenessandsupportMomswith

solutionstoeatGMOFreeaswedemandGMOlabelinglocallyandnationally

simultaneously."Theyareplottingnationwideprotestsscheduledforlaterthisyear.The

report,writesthewebsite'sZenHoneycutt,wasprovidedbyarepresentativeforDeDell

SeedCompany,anOntario-basedfarmthat'stoutedasbeingCanadianonlynon-GMO

cornseedcompany."Theclaimsthat'ThereisnodifferencebetweenGMOcornand

NONGmocorn'arefalse,"saysHoneycutt,whoaddsshewas"floored"afterreadingthe

study.Accordingtotheanalysis,GMOcorntestedbyProfitProcontainsanumberof

elementsabsentfromtraditionalcom,includingchlorides,formaldehydeandglyphosate.

[F3]Whilethoseelementsdon'tappearnaturallyincorn,theywerepresentinGMO

samplestothetuneof60ppm,200Dpmand13ppm,respectively.Honecuttsaysthatthe

UnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(FDA)mandatcsthatthelevelof

glyphosateinAmericandrinkingwaternotexceed0.7ppmandaddsthatorgandamage

insomeanimalshasbeenlinkedtoglyphosateexposureexceeding0.1ppm."Glyphosate

isastrongorganicphosphatechelatorthatimmobilizespositivelychargedmineralssuch

asmanganese,cobalt,iron,zincandcopper."[F4]Dr.DonHuberattestedduringa

separateGMOstudyrecentlyreleased,addingthatthoseelements,areessentialfor

nomialphysiologicalfunctionsinsoils,plantsandanimals"."Glyphosatedrawsoutthe

vitaliiulriuiilsoflivingthingsandGMOcorniscovviudwithil."addsHoiicyuull,who

notesthatthenutritionalbenefitsrampantinnaturalcornarealmostentirelyremoved

fromlab-madeseeds:[F5]inthesamplesusedduringthestudy、non-GMOcomis

alleged[ohave437-timestheamountofcalciumingeneticallymodifiedversions,and

56-and7-timesthelevelofmagnesiumandmanganese,respectively.

21、[Fl]

标准答案：一项被泄漏出来的检测转基因玉米的研究揭示，实验室造出的有机玉米

替代品中的有毒化学物质含量惊人。

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、[F2]

标准答案：一家反转基因食品网站已经上传了某教育型咨询公司对两种玉米的比较

结果，结果揭示转基因食品的危害可能比人们先前认为的更大。

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、[T3]

标准答案：天然玉米中不含这些物质，但在转基因玉米的样品中，这几种物质的含

量却分别高达百万分之六十、百万分之二百和百万分之十三。

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、[F4]

标准答案：胡贝尔博士（在这个独立转基因研究报告中）还补充道，这些化学元素

“对于土壤、植物和动物的正常生理机能至关重要”，

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、[F5]

标准答案：在研究所用的样品中，据称非转基因玉米中的钙含量是转基因玉米的

437®,镁含量和钵含量也分别是转基因玉米的56倍和7倍。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Theoldadageofthetitlehasaparallelinthescientificworld"allresearchleadsto

biomedicaladvances".Thefactthatresearchinonedisciplinecontributestoanotheris

wellunderstoodbythescientificcommunity.Itisnot,however,socleartothepublicor

topublicpolicy-makers.[Fl]Becausepublicsupporlforfundingofbiomedical

researchisstrong,thescientificcommunitycouldbuildamoreeffectivecaseforpublic

suppoilofallsciencebyarliculatinghowresearchinolherdisciplinesbenefitsbiological

medicine.Thetimeisripetoimprovepublicappreciationofscience.ArecentNational

ScienceFoundationsurveysuggestedthatAmericanscontinuetosupportresearch

expenditures.Inaddition,publicopinionpollsindicatethatscientistsandscienceleaders

enjoyenviablyhighpublicesteems.[F2]Insteadoflamenting：thelackofpublic

understandingofscience,wecanworktoenhancepublicappreciationofscientific

researchbyshowinghowinvesligalionsareinmanyareasclose-knitandconlribule〔o

biomedicaladvances.Acrucialt