《新能源汽车驱动电机系统检修》课件-新能源汽车的定义和发展-英文

DefinitionandDevelopmentofNewEnergyVehicles

Newenergyreferstovariousformsofenergyotherthantraditionalenergy,whichhavejustbeguntobedevelopedandutilizedorarebeingactivelystudiedandaretobepromoted,suchassolarenergy,geothermalenergy,windenergy,oceanenergy,biomassenergyandnuclearfusionenergy.Newenergyisincreasinglyusedinwindpowerindustry,geothermalutilizationindustry,biogaspowergenerationindustry,biomassindustry,solarphotovoltaicindustry,newenergyvehicles(NEV),fuelcellelectricvehicles(FCV),hydrogenenginevehicles,andothernewenergy(suchashigh-efficiencyenergystorage,dimethylether)vehiclesandotherproducts.Thedefinitionofnewenergyvehicles

1.UnitedStates

Intermsofstrategicplanning,in2013,theU.S.DepartmentofEnergyissuedthe"BlueprintforthePopularizationofElectricVehicles",whichclarifiedthedevelopmentgoalsfor2022intermsofconsumeracquisitioncosts,keytechnicalindicators,chargingfacilities,etc.,andproposedthatthecostofpowerbatteriesandelectricdrivesystemsbereducedtoUS$125/kW·handUS$8/kW·hrespectively,andthecurbweightshouldbereducedby30%.IntermsofR&Dandinnovation,theU.S.governmentsupportstheR&DandinnovationofnewenergyvehiclesthroughspecialR&Dgrants,taxexemptions,low-interestloans,etc.,forminganewenergyvehicletechnologyR&Dmechanismguidedbythegovernment,ledbyenterprises,andparticipatedbyscientificresearchinstitutions.In2019,theU.S.DepartmentofEnergyannouncedgrantsofupto$59milliontosupportR&Dandinnovationinadvancedbatteryandelectricdrivesystems,energy-efficientsystems,andhigh-efficiencypowertrains.Foreignnewenergyvehicledevelopmentpolicies

2.Japan

Japanhasawell-establishedpolicysystemforthenewenergyvehicleindustry,focusingonpromotingtheR&Dandpopularizationofhydrogenfuelcellvehiclesfromtheperspectiveofbuildingahydrogensociety.Intermsofstrategicplanning,theMinistryofEconomy,TradeandIndustryofJapanreleasedthe"NewGenerationVehicleStrategy2010"in2010tosupportthepopularizationofnext-generationvehicles(BEV/PHEV/HEV/FCVandcleanfuelvehicles,etc.),andproposedthatby2030,theproportionofnewhybridvehiclesaleswillbe30%~40%,theproportionofpureelectricvehiclesandplug-inhybridvehicleswillbe20%~30%,theproportionoffuelcellvehicleswillbe3%,andtheproportionofcleandieselvehicleswillbe5%~10%.Foreignnewenergyvehicledevelopmentpolicies

2.JapanIn1998,Japanbegantoimplementmeasuressuchasnewenergyvehiclepurchasesubsidies,tonnagetax,andpurchasetaxreduction,providingdifferentiatedsubsidypoliciesforthepurchaseofnewcarsandtrade-in.

In2019,Japan'sMinistryofLand,Infrastructure,TransportandTourismplanstoallocate530millionyentosupportlocaltransportationgreeningprojectsandpromotetheelectrificationofvehiclesinthepublictransportationsector,andJapan'sMinistryoftheEnvironmentplanstoallocate1billionyentosupportthedevelopmentofelectrictrucksandelectricbuses,andsubsidizetruckandbusoperators.Foreignnewenergyvehicledevelopmentpolicies

3.MajorEuropeancountries

In2020,mostofthesubsidiesforpureelectricvehiclesinEuropeancountriesare3000~6000euros.Comparedwith2019,Germany'ssubsidiesforpureelectricvehicleshaveincreasedby1000~2000euros,andhybridsubsidieshaveincreasedby750~1500euros;StartinginJuly2020,theNetherlandswillstartsubsidizing4,000eurosformodelspricedunder45,000euros;France'sbudgetforbonusesincreasedfrom€260millionin2019to€400millionin2020andremaineduntil2021;TheUKsubsidyhasbeenslightlyreduced(by£500,about€560);Othercountriesremainthesame.In2021,therewillbenochangestothesubsidypolicyinmostcountries,butthemainchangeisinFrance,wherethesubsidyformodelslessthan40,000euroswillbereducedby1,000eurosto5,000euros.Thesubsidyismainlyrelatedtotheframeandcarbonemissions.MostcountriesinEuropehavesubsidiesfortheinstallationofchargingpilesinprivatehomesandpublicareas,andthesubsidyrateismostly50%~70%,andsomecountriesalsohavefreeparkinganddedicatedparkingareasforelectricvehicles.Foreignnewenergyvehicledevelopmentpolicies

The"NewEnergyVehicleIndustryDevelopmentPlan(2021-2035)"issuedbytheGeneralOfficeoftheStateCouncilproposesthatby2025,thesalesvolumeofnewenergyvehicleswillreachabout20%ofthetotalsalesofnewvehicles;By2035,pureelectricvehicleswillbecomethemainstreamofnewsalesvehicles,publicvehicleswillbefullyelectrified,andfuelcellvehicleswillbecommercialized.Domesticnewenergyvehicledevelopmentpolicy

Sincethebeginningofthe21stcentury,China'sautomobileindustryhasdevelopedrapidlyandhasbecomeamajorcountryintheworld'sautomobileproductionandsales.Intermsofnewenergyvehicles,throughindependentresearchanddevelopment,wehavedevelopedvariousvehicleproductssuchaspureelectric,hybridandfuelcellvehicles,formedamulti-variety,afullrangeofvarioustypesofvehiclesandpartsproductionandsupportingsystems,andtheindustrialconcentrationhasbeencontinuouslyimproved,andtheproducttechnologylevelhasbeensignificantlyimproved.Developmentstatusofdomesticnewenergyvehicles

In2004,theMinistryofScienceandTechnologylaunchedthe"TenthFive-YearPlan"NationalScienceandTechnologyResearchProgram"BiofuelOilTechnologyDevelopment"project.Atpresent,thesetechnologieshaveachievedtheexpectedresultsinChina,somehavebeenpopularizedandappliedonalargescale,andhaveachievedcommercializationandindustrialization,andsomearestillintheresearchanddevelopmentstage.Inaddition,duringthe"EleventhFive-YearPlan"period,theMinistryofScienceandTechnologyalsoorganizedthenational"863"energy-savingandnewenergyvehiclemajorproject.The"863Plan"involvesaninvestmentof880millionyuaninthisarea.Inthefieldofdevelopingnewenergyvehicles,manyautomobilemanufacturerssuchasGeely,Chery,Brilliance,Changan,BAIC,SAIC,Dongfeng,FAW,etc.haveformulatedrelativelycompletenewenergyvehicledevelopmentstrategies,andtherearemassproductionmodelsontheproductionofautomotiveproductsannouncements.Developmentstatusofdomesticnewenergyvehicles

OnJuly9,2012,the"Energy-savingandNewEnergyVehicleIndustryDevelopmentPlan(2012-2020)"waspromulgated.Theplanproposesthatby2015,thecumulativeproductionandsalesofpureelectricvehiclesandplug-inhybridvehicleswillstrivetoreach500,000;By2020,theproductioncapacityofpureelectricvehiclesandplug-inhybridvehicleswillreach2million,andthecumulativeproductionandsalesvolumewillexceed5million.By2015,theaveragefuelconsumptionofpassengercarsproducedinthatyearwillbereducedto6.9liters/100km,andthefuelconsumptionofenergy-efficientpassengercarswillbereducedtolessthan5.9liters/100kilometers.By2020,theaveragefuelconsumptionofpassengercarsproduce