考研英语模拟试卷87

考研英语模拟试卷87

一、完型填空(本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。)

Nowadays,morepeoplearclivingclosertogether,andtheyusemachinestoproduce

leisure.Asaresult,theyfindthattheirleisure,andeventheirworkinghours,become

(1)byabyproductoftheirmachines,(2)noise.Noiseisinthenews;ithas

acquiredpolitical(3),andpublicopinionisdemanding,moreandmore(4),

thatsomething(5)aboutit.Tocontrolnoiseistodemandmuch

(6)(Annoyancearisesoftenfrom,(7)ofcommoncourtesy),asenseof

proportion(Thereisusuallya(8)ofinterestifanoiseistobestopped),the

(9)ofmoney(anditisfarmoreeconomicaltodothisearly(10)thanlate),

and,finally,technicalknowledge.Thoughthe(i1)carefornoiseistostopitatits

source,thismayinmany(12)beimpossible.Thenext(13)istoabsorbiton

itswaytotheear.Domesticnoisesmaybecontrolledbyforethoughtand(14),and

industrialnoisesbygoodplanningandtechnical(15)Butifwearegoingto

(16)fastmotor-cyclesandheavy(17)lorriestopasscontinuouslythrough

residentialandbusiness(18),thecommunitymustdecide(19)thecontrolit

needsto(20)forinthelongrunithasgottopayforit.

1、Nowadays,morepeoplearelivingclosertogether,andtheyusemachinestoproduce

leisure.Asaresult,theyfindthattheirleisure,andeventheirworkinghours,become

(1)byabyproductoftheirmachines,(2)noise.Noiseisinthenews;ithas

acquiredpolitical(3),andpublicopinionisdemanding,moreandmore(4),

thatsomething(5)aboutit.Tocontrolnoiseistodemandmuch

(6)(Annoyancearisesoftenfrom,(7)ofcommoncourtesy),asenseof

proportion(Thereisusuallya(8)ofinterestifanoiseistobestopped),the

(9)ofmoney(anditisfarmoreeconomicaltodothisearly(10)thanlate),

and,finally,technicalknowledge.Thoughthe(11)carefornoiseistostopitatits

source,thismayinmany(12)beimpossible.Thenext(13)istoabsorbiton

itswaytotheear.Domesticnoisesmaybecontrolledbyforethoughtand(14),and

industrialnoisesbygoodplanningandtechnical(15)Butifwearegoingto

(16)fastmotor-cyclesandheavy(17)lorriestopasscontinuouslythrough

residentialandbusiness(18),thecommunitymustdecide(19)thecontrolit

needsto(20)forinthelongrunithasgottopayforit.

A、damaged

B、spoilt

C、destroyed

D、interfered

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第一、二句意为：现今，人们居住得越来越近，他们使用机器使生活

闲暇。结果，他们发现自己的闲暇，甚至他们的工作时间，都被机器的副产品，也

就是噪音，所搅乱。spoil”弄糟，搅乱”，符合题意”。

2、

A、unexpectedly

B、namely

C>ideally

D^swiftly

标准答案：B

知识点解析：namely”即，也就是"。

3、

A、standard

B、status

C>position

D、situation

标准答案：B

知识点解析：该句意为，新闻在讨论噪音，它被提到了政治高度，公众的反映很强

烈，并且一再要求应该对它采取某些措施。指处于什么状态用status。

4、

A、persistently

B、permanently

C^insistently

D、stubbornly

标准答案：C

知识点解析：insistently"坚持地,一再要求地"，强调态度。persistently”持续地，,

强调精神；pcnnanently"永久地"；stubbomly"顽固地"。

5、

A、bedone

tobedone

C、isdone

D、beingdone

标准答案：A

知识点解析：demand后面的宾语从句中应该用虚拟语气，省略了should。

6、

A、self-confidence

B、self-reliance

C、self-discipline

D、self-respect.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：该句意为，控制噪音需要许多自律。self-confidence”自信”；self-

reliance"自恃"；self-discipline"自律"；self-respect"自尊

7、

A、reason

B、lack

C、virtue

D、deficiency

标准答案：B

知识点解析：lackoF缺少”，为固定搭配。

8、

A、controversy

contrast

C、contradiction

D、conflict

标准答案：D

知识点解析：该句意为，如果要停止某种噪音，通常会有利益冲突问题。指”利益

冲突”，应选conflict。

9、

A、accumulation

expenditure

C>depreciation

D^distribution

标准答案：B

知识点解析：theexpenditureofmoney意为"金钱的花费"。accumulation"积累”；

depreciation"贬值"；distribution"分配"°

10、

A、other

B、more

C>rather

D、better

标准答案：C

知识点解析：ratherthan为固定搭配，意为“宁愿”。该句意为，这件事早做比晚做

更省钱。

11、

A、hopeful

B>definite

CNideal

D^expected

标准答案：C

知识点解析：该句意为，尽管对于治理噪音的理想的办法是杜绝其来源，但在许多

种情况下是不可能的。ideal”理想的“符合题意。

12、

A^cases

B>conditions

C^presentations

D^circumstances

标准答案：A

知识点解析：inmanycases”在许多情况下"，指"案例"用case。

13、

A、remedy

B、solution

C、method

D、procedure

标准答案：A

知识点解析：前面提到cure”治疗，治理”，后面与之对应的应是remedy”药物，治

疗法”。

14、

A^courtesy

B、meditation

C^politeness

D、precaution

标准答案：A

知识点解析：courlesy”谦恭二该句意为，家庭噪音可以通过事先考虑和互相谦恭

来加以控制，而工业噪音则通过周密计划和技术改进来达到。

15、

A、perfection

improvement

C、investigation

D、adoption

标准答案：B

知识点解析：technicalimprovement"技术改进"。

16、

A、allow

let

C、prohibit

D、approve

标准答案：A

知识点解析：该句意为，但是，如果我们允许高速摩托车和重型卡车不断通过住宅

区和商业区，社区组织必须决定由于长期代价而采取的必要的控制措施。allow和

let均表示“允许”，但allow尤指得到批准的“允许”。

17、

A、diesel

decent

C、decibel

D、datum

标准答案：A

知识点解析：heavydiesellorries”重型柴油卡车”。

18、

A、districts

B、regions

C、zones

D、territories

标准答案：A

知识点解析：districts"管区"；regions"区域"；zones"地带、terrilories"领土"。表示

商业区应用“districts”。

19>

A、for

B、at

C、with

D、on

标准答案：D

知识点解析:decideon为固定搭配,表示"对…做出决定

20、

A、practice

B、exercise

C、obtain

D、acquire

标准答案：B

知识点解析：表示"行使，履行"什么措施，应用exerciseopraclice"实践"；obtain"

获得,得到“；acquire”获得”。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分,共20分。）

Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,the

knowledgesociety.Itisalltranslatedtoafundamentalchangeinthewaywework.

Alreadywe'vepartlybeenthere.Thepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingby

makingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorld.Todaythemajorityofjobs

inAmerica,EuropeandJapan（twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries）areinthe

serviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethan

everbefore.Therearemoreparttimejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.Butthe

breadthoftheeconomictransformationcan'tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitis

alsogivingrisetoaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-

heldnotionsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelation

betweenindividualsandemployers-allthesearebeingchanged.Wehaveonlytolook

behindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieaheadNoonelookingahead20years

possiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichdsingleinvention,thechip（芯片），would

transformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digital

communicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow'sachievementsinbiotechnology,

artificialIntelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilar

waveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewill

becomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit.whethertheyworkin

manufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computer

knowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theability

tosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbe

aboveallelse.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbe

predominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.

21、Acharacteristicoftheinformationageisthat

A、theserviceindustryisrelyingmoreandmoreonthefemaleworkforce

B、manufacturingindustriesaresteadilyincreasing

C>peoplefindithardertoearnalivingbyworkinginfactories

D、mostofthejobopportunitiescannowbefoundinserviceindustry

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第一段第五句指出，今天美国、欧洲和日本的大多数工作机会是在服

务行业，并且数字还在上升。

22、OneofthegreatchangesbroughtaboutbytheknowledgeSocietyisthat

ANthedifferencebetweentheemployeeandtheemployerhasbecomeinsignificant

B、people'straditionalconceptsaboutworknolongerholdtrue

C、mostpeoplehavetotakepart-timejobs

D、peoplehavetochangetheirjobsfromtimetotime

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第一段倒数两句指出，然而经济变革的广度是不能用数字来衡量的,

因为它也使人们以崭新的方式来思考工作的本质本身。对于工作和事业的长期观

念、成功的技巧、甚至雇主与雇员的关系，所有这些都在改变。

23、Byreferringtocomputersandotherinventions,theauthormeanstosaythat

peopleshouldbeabletorespondquicklytotheadvancementoftechnology

B、futureachievementsintechnologywillbringaboutinconceivabledramaticchanges

C、theimportanceofhightechnologyhasbeenoverlooked

D^computersciencewillplayaleadingroleinthefutureinformationservices

标准答案：B

知识点解析：作者在第二段第二句提到计算机和其他技术之后，紧接着在第三句指

出，明天在生物技术、人工智能或者其他一些难以想象的技术方面人们将创造出同

样的戏剧性的变革浪潮。

24、Thefuturewillprobablybelongtothosewho

A、possessandknowhowtomakeuseofinformation

B、givefullplaytotheirbrainpotential

C、involvethemselvesinthe,serviceindustry

D、casttheirmindsaheadinsteadoflookingback

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第二段第四句指出，而有一点是肯定的：信息和知识将变得更加重

要，拥有它们的人们，不管是在制造业或服务.业，将拥有优势和创造财富。

25、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A、ComputersandtheKnowledgeSociety

B、ServiceIndustriesinModemSociety

C、FeaturesandImplicationsoftheNewEra

D、RapidAdvancementofInformationTechnology

标准答案：C〜

知识点解析：本题为主旨题。文章第一句便点明了主题：一个新时代正向我们走

来。接着作者围绕这个主题阐述了这个新时代的特点和意义，答案选项概括了主

题。

Thetopicofthoughtisoneareaofpsychology,andmanyobservershaveconsideredthis

aspectinconnectionwithrobotsandcomputers:someoftheoldworriesaboutAl

(artificialintelligence)werecloselylinkedtothequestionofwhether'computerscould

think.Thefirstmassiveelectroniccomputers,capableofrapid(ifoftenunreliable)

computationandlittleornocreativeactivity,weresoonnamed"electronicbrains'*.A

reactiontothisterminologyquicklyfollowed.Toputthemintheirplace,computerswere

called"high-speedidiots",anefforttoprotecthumanvanity.Butnoteveryonerealized

theimplicationsoftheexpression:"high-speedidiot'1.Ithasnotbeenpointedoutoften

enoughthateventhehumanidiotisoneofthemostintelligentlifeformsontheearth.If

theearlycomputerswereeventhatintelligent,itwasalreadyaremarkablestateofaffairs.

Oneconsequencefromstudyingthepossibilityofcomputerthoughtwasthatwewere

forcedtoexaminewithnewcaretheideaofthoughtingeneral.Itsoonbecameclearthat

wewerenotsurewhatwemeantbysuchtermsasthoughtandthinking.Wetendto

assumethathumanbeingsthink,somemorethanothers,thoughweoftencallpeople

thoughtlessorunthinking.Dreamscauseaproblem,partlybecausetheyusuallyhappen

outsideourcontrol.Theyareobviouslysometypesofmentalexperience,butaretheya

typeofthinking?Andthequestionofnonhumanlifeformsaddsfurtherproblems.Many

ofuswouldmaintainthatsomeofthehigheranimals-dogs,cats,apes,andsoon一are

capableofatleastbasicthought,butwhataboutfishandinsects?Itiscertainlytruethat

thehighermammalsshovzcomplexbrainactivitywhentestedwiththeappropriate

equipment.Ifthinkingisdemonstratedbyevidentelectricalactivityinthebrain,then

manyanimalspeciesarecapableofthought.Oncewehaveformulatedclearideason

whatthoughtisinbiologicalcreatures,itwillbeeasiertodiscussthequestionofthought

inartificialmachines.OneofthegreatbenefitsofAIresearchisthatwearebeingforced

toexaminemorecloselytheworkingofthehumanmind.Itisalreadyclearthatmachines

havesuperiormentalabilitiestomanylifeforms.Notrcccanplaychessaswellaseven

thesimplestcomputer;norcanfrogsrepaircarbodiesaswellasrobots.Itseemsthat,

viewedintermsofintellect,thecomputershouldbesetwellaboveplantsandmost

animals.Onlythehigher'animalscancompetewithcomputerswithregardtointellect.

26、Thefirstmassiveelectroniccomputerswere

A、slowandreliable

B、creativeandaccurate

C^largeandfast

D、onlycapableofadditions

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第一段第二句指出，第一台巨大的计算机运算速度快，但儿乎没有创

造性，不久便被称为“电脑”。

27、Bycallingtheseearlycomputers"high-speedidiots",peoplewerereallyimplying

thatcomputers

A、wouldneverbecapableofthinking

B、werealreadysomewhatintelligent

C^canneverworkasrapidlyaspeople

D、wouldbeascleverasnormalhumanbeings

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第一段最后三句指出，并不是每一个人都意识到“高速白痴”的含义，

人类白痴也是地球上最有智力的生命形式，如果早期计算机具有这种智能，那已经

是引人注目的事情了。

28Wemaybelievethatsuchwordsasthoughtandthinking

A、aretermsthatarenotclearandwillneverbeexactlydefined

B、mightcometobebetterunderstoodbecauseofresearchintoA1

C>haveprecisebiologicalmeaningsthatreferonlytohumanmentalprocesses

D、shouldnotbeusedtodescribecomputers

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第二段第二句指出，对于诸如思维和思想这样的词我们并不是很清

楚。最后一句指出，对于人工智能(AI)研究的最大好处就是我们不得不深入研究人

类的思维原理。

29、Itseemsthatmentalactivitiesarecharacteristicof

A、allplantsandanimals

B、someinsects

C^humanbeings

D、somemachines

标准答案：C

知识点解析：最后一段最后两句指出，就智能来看，计算机似乎在植物和大多数动

物之上。看起来，只有更高级的动物才能在智能方面与计算机竞争。而从第一段可

知，计算机连一个人类白痴都不如。

30、Theword"idiot"(Para.1)probablymeans

A、aprofoundperson

B、amentalpatient

C、amentaldisturbedperson

D、afoolishorstupidperson

标准答案：D

知识点解析：idiot意为”白痴，傻瓜”，这里比喻早期计算机。

Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcast

journalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthese

books,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismand

broadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe"flowto"aspectsofjournalistic

interviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,and

implications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneral

impressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthe

systematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefrom

whichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,a

growingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittle

significantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheother

hand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfields

otherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthe

theoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingofthe

interviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittle

attentiontothejournalisticinterview,whichseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,

itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodemWesternsocietiesarcmorefamiliar,atleastin

apositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthananyotherformofinterviewing.

Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthat

conductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonor

interviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosisandtreatment

ofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,very

fewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlyby

television.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtue

ofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,theunderstandingofthe

journalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesand

evenstudy,asthisbookindicates.

31、Thekeypointofthefirstparagraphisthat

A、generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwriterson

journalism

importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing

C、conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportancetojournalistic

interviewing

D^personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalistic

interviews

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第一段指出，传统的新闻采访强调采访的方法，第三、四句指出，许

多介绍这些方法的资料是建立在个人经验和总的印象基础上的。众所周知，新闻业

也和其他行业一样，需要对职业采访进行系统的研究。答案概括了本段的内容。

32^Muchresearchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral

A、sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened

B、thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn'treceivedmuchattention

C^butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected

D、personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalistic

interviews

标准答案：c

知识点。析•：第二段第四句指出，不幸的是，大量的普通作品却很少重视对新闻业

采访的报道。

33、Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview,

A、butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromit

B、andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomeday

C、andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofit

D、butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第二段倒数第三句指出，我们中很少有人作为个人受到大众媒体的采

访。

34、Whoistheintervieweeinaclinicalinterview?

A、Thepatient

B、Thephysician

C、Thejournalist

D、Thepsychologist

标准答案：A

知识点解析：在临床询诊中被询问的人自然是病人。

35、Thearticleismostlikelyapartof

A、anewsarticle

ajournalisticinteniew

C、aresearchreport

D、apreface

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本文最后一句提到asthisbookindicates”正如本书指出”，可推测本文

极有可能是该书的前言的部分内容。

ThereisextraordinaryexposureintheUnitedStatestotherisksofinjuryanddeathfrom

motorvehicleaccidents.Morethan80percentofallhouseholdsownpassengercarsor

lighttrucksandeachoftheseisdrivenanaverageofmorethan11,000mileseachyear.

Almostone-halfoffatallyinjureddrivershaveabloodalcoholconcentration(BAC)of

0.1percentorhigher.Fortheaverageadult,overfiveouncesof80proofspiritswould

havetobeconsumedoverashortperiodoftimetoattaintheselevels.Onethirdof

driverswhohavebeendrinking,butfewerthan4percentofalldrivers,demonstratethese

levels.Althoughlessthan1percentofdriveswithBACsof0.1percentormoreare

involvedinfatalcrashed,theprobabilityoftheirinvolvementsis27timeshigherthanfor

thosewithoutalcoholintheirblood.Thereareanumberofdifferentapproachesto

reducinginjuriesinwhichdrinkingplaysarole.Basedontheobservationthatexcessive

consumptioncorrelateswiththetotalalcoholconsumptionofthecountry'spopulation,it

hasbeensuggestedthathighertaxesonalcoholwouldreduceboth.Whiletheheaviest

drinkerswouldbetaxedthemost,anyonewhodrinksatallwouldbepunishedbythis

approach.Tomakedrinkinganddrivingacriminaloffenseisanapproachdirectedonly

atdrinkingdrivers.Insomestates,thelawempowerspolicetorequestbreathtestsof

driverscommittinganytrafficoffenseandhigherBACcanbebasisforarrest.The

NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationestimates,however,thatevenwith

increasedarrests,thereareabout700violationsforeveryarrest.Atthislevelthereis

littleevidencethatlawsareeffectivewaystoreducedrunkdriving.InBritain,motor

vehicleaccidentsfell25percentimmediatelyfollowingimplementationofheRoad

SafetyActin1967.AsBritishersincreasinglyrecognizedthattheycoulddrinkandnot

bestopped,theeffectivenessdeclined,althoughinthefollowingthreeyearsthedeath­

rateseldomreachedthatobservedinthesevenyearspriortotheAct.Whetherpenalties

fordrivingwithahighBACorexcessivetaxationonconsumptionofalcoholicdrinkwill

detertheexcessivedrinkerresponsibleformostaccidentsisunclear.Onethingisclear,

however,unlesswedealwithautomobileandhighwaysafetyandreduceaccidentsin

whichalcoholicdrinkingplaysarole,manywillcontinuetodie.

36、Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith

A、interpretingtheresultsofsurveysontrafficaccidents

B、reviewingtheeffectivenessofattemptstoreducedrankdriving

C、analyzingthecausesofthelargenumberofannualtrafficdeaths

D、makinganinternationalcomparisonofexperiencewithdrankdriving

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本文最后一句点明了主题：然而，有一点很清楚，除非我们关注汽车

和高速公路的安全问题，减少因饮酒而发生的交通事故，否则更多的人将会死去。

作者在全篇文章中主要讨论了饮酒和交通事故之间的关系以及如何限制酒后驾车。

37、Itcanbeinferredthatthe1967RoadSafetyActinBritain

A、changeanexistinglawtolowertheBAClevelwhichdefineddrankdriving

B、madeitillegalforthedrunkdrivertodrive

C^increasedthenumberofdrunkdrivingarrests

D、placedataxonthesaleofalcoholicdrinks

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第二段第一句指出，将酒后驾车作为犯罪直接指向酒后驾车者。第五

句指出。在英国，1967年实施道路安全法后汽车交通事故立即减少了25%。

38、TheauthorimpliesthataBACof0.1percent

A、isunreasonablyhighasadefinitionofdrunkdriving

B、penalizesthemoderatedrinkerwhileallowingtheheavydrinkertoconsumewithout

limit

CxiswellhelowtheRAGofmostdriverswhoareinvolvedinfatalcrashes

D、provesthatadriverhasconsumedfiveouncesof80proofspiritsoverashorttime

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第一段第六句指出，虽然不到1%的司机，其酒精含量为0.1%左右也

会造成致命的事故，他们也比没有饮酒的司机事故率高出27倍。可以看出，作者

认为1%的标准过低。

39、TheauthorcitestheBritishexampleinorderto

A^showthattheproblemofdrankdrivingisworseinBritainthanintheU.S.

B、provethatstricterlawsagainstdrinkingdriverswouldreducetrafficdeaths

C^provethataslightincreaseinthenumberofarrestsofdrankdriverswillnotdeter

drunkdriving

D、suggestthattaxationofalcoholconsumptionmaybemoreeffectivethancriminal

laws

标准答案：c

知识点解析：作者在第二段指出，英国在1967年实施道路安全法后汽车交通事故

减少了25%,但根据法律酒精含量超过0.1%的人才可以逮捕，使人们可以适当喝

酒，法律的威力被削弱。

40、Theword"deter"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans

A、prevent

B、encourage

C、punish

D、threaten

标准答案：A

知识点解析：deter意为“阻止”，该句意为：对于过度饮酒的惩罚和对酗酒的额外

税收是否会阻止酗酒司机对多数事故负责，目前没有定论。

三、阅读（补全短文）（本题共5题，每题7.0分，共

5分。）

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choose

themostsuitableonefromthelist（A>B、C、D、E、F、G.......）totitintoeachofthe

numberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.（10

points）Scienceiscommittedtotheuniversal.Asignofthisisthatthemoresuccessfula

sciencebecomes,thebroadertheagreementaboutitsbasicconcepts:thereisnota

separateChineseorAmericanorSoviettheimodynamics（热力学）,forexample,thereis

simplythermodynamics（41）.（42）.Thisiswhythespreadoftechnology

makestheworldlookevermorehomogeneous.Architecturalstyles,dressstyles,musical

styles,eveneatingstyles,tendincreasinglytobeworldstyles.Theworldlooksmore

homogeneousbecauseitismorehomogeneous.Childrenwhogrowupinthisworld

thereforeexperienceitasasamenessratherthanadiversity,andbecausetheiridentities

areshapedbythissameness,theirsenseofdifferencesamongculturesandindividuals

diminishes.（43）.Theautomobileillustratesthepointwithgreatclarity.A

technologicalinnovationlikestreamliningorall-weldedbodyconstructionmaybe

rejectedinitially,butifitisimportanttotheefficiencyoreconomicsofautomobiles,it

willreappearindifferentwaysuntilitisnotonlyacceptedbutuniversallyregardedasan

asset.（44）.Ifmancreatesmachines,machinesinturnshapetheircreators.Asthe

automobileisuniversalized,ituniversalizesthosewhouseit.LiketheWorldCarhe

drives,modemmanisbecominguniversal.Nolongerquiteanindividual,nolongerquite

theproductofauniquegeographyandculture,hemovesfromoneclimate-controlled

shoppingmalltoanother,oneairporttothenext,fromoneHolidayInntoitssuccessor

threehundredmilesdowntheroad;butsomehowhislocationneverchanges.Heis

cosmopolitan（四海为家者）.Thepricehepaysisthathenolongerhasahomeinthe

traditionalsenseoftheworld.（45）.Theuniversalizing,imperativeoftechnology

isirresistible.Barringthecatastropheofnuclearwar,itwillcontinuetoshapeboth

modemcultureandtheconsciousnessofthosewhoinhabitthatculture.A.

Thermodynamicsbelongstophysicsthatdealswiththerelationshipsbetweenheatand

otherformsofenergy.B.Asthecorollary（必然结果）ofscience,technologyalsoexhibits

theuniversalizingtendency.C.Today'sautomobileisnolongeruniquetoagiven

companyoreventoagivennationalculture,itsbasicfeaturesarefound,withvariations,

inautomobilesingeneral,nomatterwhomakesthem.D.Geneticsisthebranchof

biologythatdealswithheredity,especiallythemechanismsofhereditarytransmission

andthevariationofinheritedcharacteristicsamongsimilarorrelatedorganisms.E.As

buildingsbecomemorealike,thepeoplewhoinhabitthebuildingsbecomemorealike.

Theresultisdescribedpreciselyinaphrasethatisalreadyfamiliar:thedisappearanceof

history.F.ForseveraldecadesofthetwentiethcenturytherewasaWesternandaSoviet

genetics（遗传学），thelatterassociatedwithLysenko'siheorythatenvironmentalstress

canproducegeneticmutations（变化）.TodayLysenko'stheoryisdiscredited,andthereis

nowonlyonegenetics.G.Thebenefitisthathebeginstosuspecthomeinthetraditional

senseisanothernameforlimitations,andthathomeinthemodemsenseiseverywhere

andalwayssurroundedbyneighbors.

41、Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,

choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist（A>B、C、D、E、F、G.......）tofitinto

eachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyof

thegaps.（10points）Scienceiscommittedtotheuniversal.Asignofthisisthatthemore

successfulasciencebecomes,thebroadertheagreementaboutitsbasicconcepts:thereis

notaseparateChineseorAmericanorSovietthermodynamics（热力学）,forexample,

thereissimplythermodynamics（41）.（42）.Thisiswhythespreadof

technologymakestheworldlookevermorehomogeneous.Architecturalstyles,dress

styles,musicalstyles,eveneatingstyles,tendincreasinglytobeworldstyles.Theworld

looksmorehomogeneousbecauseitismorehomogeneous.Childrenwhogrowupinthis

worldthereforeexperienceitasasamenessratherthanadiversity,andbecausetheir

identitiesareshapedbythissameness,theirsenseofdifferencesamongculturesand

individualsdiminishes.（43）.Theautomobileillustratesthepointwithgreat

clarity.Atechnologicalinnovationlikestreamliningorall-weldedbodyconstructionmay

berejectedinitially,butifitisimportanttotheefficiencyoreconomicsofautomobiles,it

willreappearindifferentwaysuntilitisnotonlyacceptedbutuniversallyregardedasan

asset.（44）.Ifmancreatesmachines,machinesinturnshapetheircreators.Asthe

automobileisuniversalized,ituniversalizesthosewhouseit.LiketheWorldCarhe

drives,modemmanisbecominguniversal.Nolongerquiteanindividual,nolongerquite

theproductofauniquegeographyandculture,hemovesfromoneclimatc-controllcd

shoppingmalltoanother,oneairporttothenext,fromoneHolidayInntoitssuccessor

threehundredmilesdowntheroad;butsomehowhislocationneverchanges.Heis

cosmopolitan（四海为家者）.Thepricehepaysisthathenolongerhasahomeinthe

traditionalsenseoftheworld.（45）.Theuniversalizing,imperativeoftechnology

isirresistible.Barringthecatastropheofnuclearwar,itwillcontinuetoshapeboth

modemcultureandtheconsciousnessofthosewhoinhabitthatculture.A.

Thermodynamicsbelongstophysicsthatdealswiththerelationshipsbe