考研英语模拟试卷48

考研英语模拟试卷48

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

KarlVonLinnc(orLinnaeus,asheiswidelyknown)v/asaSwedishbiologistwho

devisedthesystemofLatinisedscientificnamesforlivingthingsthatbiologistsuseto

thisday.Whenhecameto(1)peopleintohissystem,heputthemintoagroup

calledHomoandLinne'shairlessfellowhumansarestillknownbiologicallyasHomo

sapiens.(2)thegrouporiginallyhadasecondmember,Homotroglodytes.Itlived

inAfrica,andthepicturesshowittobecovered(3)hair.Modern(4)arenot

asgenerousasLinneinwelcomingotherspeciesintoMan'slofty(5),andthe

chimpanzeeisnowreferredto(6)Pantroglodytes.ButPanorHomo,thereisno

(7)thatchimpsarchumans'nearestlivingrelatives,andthatifthesecretsofwhat

makeshumanityspecialareevertobe(8),understandingwhychimpsarenot

people,norpeoplechimps,isacrucialpartoftheprocess.That,inturn,meanslookingat

theDNAofthetwospecies,(9)itisherethatthe(10)mustoriginate.One

halfofthepuzzlehasbeen(11)forseveralyears:thehumangenomewas

publishedin2001.Thesecondhasnowbeenadded,withtheannouncementinthis

week'sNature(12)thechimpanzeegenomehasbeensequencedaswell.Forthose

expecting(13)answerstoage-oldquestions(14),thepublicationofthe

chimpgenomemaybesomethingofan(15).Therearenoimmediatelyobvious

genes-presentinone,butnottheother-thataccountforsuchcharacteristichuman

(16)asintelligenceorevenhairlessness.And(17)thereisageneconnected

withlanguage,knownasFOXP2,ithadalreadybeendiscovered.Butalthoughthe

preliminarycomparisonofthetwogenomes(18)bythemembersofthe

ChimpanzeeSequencingandAnalyssisConsortium,themultinationalteamthat

generatedthesequence,didnot(19)anyobviousnuggetsofgeneticgold,itdoesat

leastshowwheretolookfor(20).

1、KarlVonLinne(orLinnaeus,asheiswidelyknown)wasaSwedishbiologistwho

devisedthesystemofLatinisedscientificnamesforlivingthingsthatbiologistsuseto

thisday.Whenhecameto(1)peopleintohissystem,heputthemintoagroup

calledHomoandLinne'shairlessfellowhumansarestillknownbiologicallyasHomo

sapiens.(2)thegrouporiginallyhadasecondmember,Homotroglodytes.Itlived

inAfrica,andthepicturesshowittobecovered(3)hair.Modern(4)arenot

asgenerousasLinneinwelcomingotherspeciesintoMan'slofty⑸andthe

chimpanzeeisnowreferredto(6)Pantroglodytes.ButPanorHomo,thereisno

(7)thatchimpsarehumans,nearestlivingrelatives,andthatifthesecretsofwhat

makeshumanityspecialareevertobe(8),understandingwhychimpsarenot

people,norpeoplechimps,isacrucialpartoftheprocess.That,inturn,meanslookingat

theDNAofthetwospecies,(9)itisherethatthe(10)mustoriginate.One

halfofthepuzzlehasbeen(11)forseveralyears:thehumangenomewas

publishedin2001.Thesecondhasnowbeenadded,withtheannouncementinthis

week'sNature(12)thechimpanzeegenomehasbeensequencedaswell.Forthose

expecting(13)answerstoage-oldquestions(14),thepublicationofthe

chimpgenomemaybesomethingofan(15).Therearenoimmediatelyobvious

genes-presentinone,butnottheother-thataccountforsuchcharacteristichuman

(16)asintelligenceorevenhairlessness.And(17)(hereisageneconnected

withlanguage,knownasFOXP2,ithadalreadybeendiscovered.Butalthoughthe

preliminarycomparisonofthetwogenomes(18)bythemembersofthe

ChimpanzeeSequencingandAnalyssisConsortium,themultinationalteamthat

generatedthesequence,didnot(19)anyobviousnuggetsofgeneticgold,itdoesat

leastshowwheretolookfor(20).

A、slot

B、pledge

C、plot

D^scrutinize

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是一道语意逻辑推导题，考查上下句子之间的语意关系和动词的

辨析与使用。上句表明KaHVonLinne”设计了拉丁科学名称体系”，本句应该是”他

把人纳入其体系”，故选项“slot”(纳入，排入)应为正确答案。

2、

A^And

B、Or

C、Thereby

D^But

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是一道词汇题，考查转折词"bul”的使用。本题空白处后面的内

容”这个群体原来有第二个成员“暗示“现在这个群体目前只有一个成员了”。故本题

空白处前后的两部分的内容是对立的，由此可以推断出本题的正确答案是“But”。

3、

A^by

B、throughout

C^with

D、beyond

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题是一道词汇题，考查"becoveredwiih...”(被…所覆盖)这一固定的

表达形式。故本题的正确答案是“with”。

4、

A、demographers

B、taxonomists

C、chronologists

D、psychologists

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是一道段落间语意连接推导题。第一段介绍（瑞典生物学家）Linne

的分类系统。由此推断第二段首句的主语也一定和分类有关，故选项

"laxonomisls"（分类学家）是本题的正确答案。

5、

A、subject

B、dominion

C^ideal

D、species

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是一道全文中心主旨内容展开推导题。本文第一段陈述Linne生

物体系。由此可以推断第二段首段欲表达的内容应该是:“现代分类学家不像Linne

那样慷慨大度到欢迎其池物种进入人类的领域，由此可以推导出本题的正确答案

应该是“dominion”（领域,领地）。

6、

A、as

B、in

C、among

D、without

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是一道词汇题，考查"bereferredtoas...”（被归类于…）。故本题的

正确答案是as,本答案也突出了“分类”这一中心主旨内容。

7、

A^suspension

suspicion

C>rotation

D、doubt

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是一道语法结构题，考查"Thereisnodoubt...”这一常见固定语法

结构形式。故本题的正确答案是doubt。

8、

A、disintegrated

B、distracted

C、deleted

D、disentangled

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是一道语意逻辑推导题。本句”if引导的状语从句欲表达的含义

是:“如果人类特别之秘密被解开，那么…”。由此可以推断:选项中的

知识点解析：本题是一道语法结构题，考查“hal”引导同位语从句这一语法现象。

本题中"that”引导的同位语从句对其前的名词"announcement”（通告）做进一步解释说

明。本题的正确答案是“that”。

13、

A、instant

B、instinctive

C、constant

D^intuitive

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是一道句子间语意逻辑推导题。本题的所在句和它后面的句子实

际是因果关系。后面的句子是原因，前面的句子是结果。后面句子的含义是:“没有

即刻就可以发现的基因"。这就暗示:就很久以来的问题而言，没有马上可以得到的

（instanl）答案。由此可以推导本题的正确答案应该是“instant”（立即的）。

14、

A、too

B、either

C、though

D、also

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题是一道词汇题，考查转折词"though”的使用。本题所在句和上句

实际上存在着一种“转折，关系，故选项though应该是本题的正确答案。考生在解

题时要特别注意转折词的出现，因为这类词往往成为考点。

15、

A、panacea

B、anticlimax

C>zenith

D、momentum

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是一道语意逻辑推导题。本题所在的句子和其后面的一句话实际

上是因果关系。后面的句子是原因，本题所在的句子是结果。由于没有即刻就能识

别的基因，所以黑猩猩基因组的公布也许是令人失望的结果。由此可以推断本题的

正确答案只能是“anticlimax”，因为四个选项只有该项符合此意。

16、

A、defects

B、merits

C、flaws

D、attributes

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是一道语意逻辑推导题。本题处于"such...as...”（例如，诸如）这一

结构中。本题空白处后面所论述的事例"intelligence"（智力）和"hairlessness”（无毛）均

属于人类的“特征”。由此可以推导出本题的正确答案是选项“attributes，

17、

A、while

once

C、when

D、asif

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是一道词汇题，考查连词"while”（虽然、尽管）的正确使用。本题

所在句逗号前后两部分的时态差异暗示:本句逗号前后两个部分存在着一种让步转

折关系，故只有选项”while”才能充当本题的正确答案。该句的含义是:尽管有与语

言相关的基因，但是这一基因早已经被人们发现。

18、

A^duplicated

B、dwarfed

C、made

D、overlapped

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题是一道词汇题，考查动词“make”的正确搭配使用。make通常与

固定的名词连用，构成动宾关系。本题空白处前面的"comparison”（比较）一词暗示

本题的正确答案应该是“made"，因为"makecomparison"（作比较）是一固定的搭配形

式。

19>

A、showup

B、turnup

C、resortto

D、turnto

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是一道语意逻辑推导题，让考生在主语“comparison”和宾语”any

obviousnuggets"（有价值的东西）之间填入一个适当的谓语动词。本句末尾的“look

for...”（寻找）暗示本题的正确答案应该是与之相呼应的一个表示"找至广之意的动词。

由此可以推断出本题的正确答案应该是"urnup”（找到，发现）。

20、

A^him

B、it

C、them

D^her

标准答案：c

知识点0析：本题是一道词汇和语法题，考查代词“them”的正确指代和使用。本句

的大意是:虽然初步的比较未能找到任何明显有价值的东西(nuggets),但是初步的

比较的确至少指出到哪里去寻找这些有价值的东西(nuggels)。本题应当选择一个能

够替代复数形式名词"nuggets”一词的代词。可见只有选项“them”能够充当本题的正

确答案。

二、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。)

AstudybyscientistsinFinlandhasfoundthatmobilephoneradiationcancausechanges

inhumancellsthatmightaffectthebrain,theleaderoftheresearchteamsaid.ButDarius

Lcszczynski,whoheadedthe2-ycarstudyandwillpresentfindingsnextweekata

conferenceinQuebec,saidmoreresearchwasneededtodeterminetheseriousnessofthe

changesandtheirimpactonthebrainorthebody.ThestudyatFinland'sRadiationand

NuclearSafetyAuthorityfoundthatexposuretoradiationfrommobilephonescancause

increasedactivityinhundredsofproteinsinhumancellsgrowninalaboratory,hesaid.

"Weknowthatthereissomebiologicalresponse.Wecandetectit,withourvery

sensitiveapproaches,butwedonotknowwhetheritcanhaveanyphysiologicaleffects

onthehumanbrainorhumanbody",Leszczynskisaid.Nonethelessthestudy,theinitial

findingsofwhichwerepublishedlastmonthinthescientificjournalDifferentiation,

raisesnewquestionsaboutwhethermobilephoneradiationcanweaker/thebrain's

protectiveshieldagainstharmfulsubstances.Thestudyfocusedonchangesincellsthat

linebloodvesselsandonwhethersuchchangescouldweakenthefunctioningofthe

blood-brainbarrier,whichpreventspotentiallyharmfulsubstancesfromenteringthe

brainfromthebloodstream,Leszczynskisaid.Thestudyfoundthataproteincalled

hsp27linkedtothefunctioningofthebloodbrainbarriershowedincreasedactivitydueto

irradiationandpointedtoapossibilitythatsuchactivitycouldmaketheshieldmore

permeable,hesaid.nIncreasedproteinactivitymightcausecellstoshrink——nottheblood

vesselsbutthecellsthemselves-andthentinygapscouldappearbetweenthosecells

throughwhichsomemoleculescouldpass'1,hesaid.Leszczynskideclinedtospeculateon

whatkindofhealthrisks:hatcouldpose,butsaidaFrenchstudyindicatedthatheadache,

fatigueandsleepdisorderscouldresult."Thesearenotlife-threateningproblemsbutcan

causealotofdiscomfort",hesaid,addingthataSwedishgrouphadalsosuggesteda

possiblelinkwithAlzheimer'sdisease."WherethetruthisIdonotknow",hesaid.

Leszczynskisaidthathe,hiswifeandchildrenusemobilephones,andhesaidthathedid

notthinkhisstudysuggestedanyneedfornewrestrictionsonmobilephoneuse.

21、AccordingtoLeszczynski,howdoesmobilephoneaffectone'shealth?

A、Mobilephoneradiationcanincreaseproteinactivitiesandsuchactivitiescanmake

theprotectiveshieldmorepermeable.

B、Mobilephoneradiationcanshrinkthebloodvesselsandpreventbloodfromflowing

smoothly.

C>Mobilephoneradiationwillbringstresstopeopleexposedtoit.

D、Mobilephoneradiationkillsbloodcellsatarapidspeed.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章论述的是手机导致人体细胞变化，所以从"Thestudyfoundthata

proteincalledhsp27linkedtothefunctioningoftheblood-brainbarriershowed

increased,activityduetoirradiationandpointedtoapossibilitythatsuchactivitycould

maketheshieldmorepermeable（能透过的）".可以如断答案是A。

22、What'stheresultoftheFrenchstudy?

A、Theharmofmobilephoneradiationislife-threatening.

B、Mobilephonemayaffectone'snormalwayofthinking.

C^Sleepdisorderscouldresultfrommobilephoneradiation.

D、Aproteincalledhsp27iskilledbymobilephoneradiation.

标准答案：C

知识点露析：从倒数第三段的末尾句可以看出，法国的研究成果是手机辐射是失

眠、头痛等毛病的原因。选项中提到的是其中一条。

23、Whatkindofdiseasecouldnotbecausedbytheuseofmobilephone?

A、Fatigue.

B、Headache.

C^Alzheimer'sdisease.

D^Tuberculosis.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从文章内容上看，手机导致的疾病有好几种，但都是与头脑有关。用

排除法可排除Tuberculosiso

24、Accordingtothepassage,whatwouldbethefutureoftheuseofmobilephone?

A、Peoplewillbeforbiddentousemobilephone.

B、Peopledarenotusemobilephonebecauseofitsradiation.

CNPeoplewillcontinuetousemobilephone.

D、Therewillbenewrestrictionsontheuseofmobilephone.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从最后研究人员的几句话可以判断手机影响程度到底如何还不知道，

而且提到研究人员自己以及其家人还在用手机，可推测手机的使用不会因为这些还

不确切的科学发现而停止。

25、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A、TheresearchinFinlandfoundthatmobilephoneradiationwillaffectone'sbrain.

B、Mobilephoneradiationcancauseincreasedactivityinhundredsofproteininhuman

cells.

C、Increasedproteinactivitymightcausecellstoshrink.

D、Lszczynskiforbidhiswifeandchildrentousemobilephoneafterhisresearch.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：此题用排除法比较容易解决。文章最后提到Leszczynski自己、家人

都在用手机，没有任何迹象表明他禁止他们用手机，所以答案是D。

Effectivecommunicationisessentialforallorganisations.Itlinkstheactivitiesofthe

variouspartsoftheorganisationandensuresthateveryoneisworkingtowardsa

Commongoal.Itisalsoextremelyimportantformotivatingemployees.Staffneedto

knowhowtheyarcgettingon,whattheyarcdoingrightandinwhichareastheycould

improve.Workingalonecanbeextremelydifficultanditismucheasierifsomeonetakes

aninterestandprovidessupport.Employeesneedtounderstandwhytheirjobis

importantandhowitcontributestotheoverallsuccessofthefirm.Personal

communicationshouldalsoincludetargetsetting.Peopleusuallyrespondwelltogoals,

providedtheseareagreedbetweenthemanagerandsubordinateandnotimposed.

However,firmsoftenhavecommunicationsproblemsthatcanunderminetheir

performance.Inmanycases,theseproblemsoccurbecausemessagesarcpassedoninan

inappropriateway.Thereareofcourse,severalwaysofconveyinginfonnationtoothers

intheorganisation.Theseincludespeakingtothemdirectly,e-mailing,telephoningor

sendingamemo.Themostappropriatemethoddependsonwhatexactlyitisyouare

communicating.Forexample,anythingthatisparticularlysensitiveorconfidential,such

asanemployee'sappraisal,shouldbedoneface-to-face.Oneofthemainproblemsfor

seniorexecutivesisthattheydonothavethetimeorresourcesneededtocommunicate

effectively.Inlargecompanies,forexample,itisimpossibleforseniormanagerstomeet

anddiscussprogresswitheachemployeeindividually.Obviouslythistaskcanbe

delegatedbutatthecostofcreatingagapbetweenseniormanagementandstaff.Asa

result,managersareoftenforcedtouseothermethodsofcommunication.Likememosor

notes,eveniftheyknowthesearenotnecessarilythemostsuitablemeansofpassingon

messages.Theuseoftechnology,suchase-mail,mobilephonesandnetworksystem,is

speedingupcommunicationimmensely.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatmore

investmentintechnologyautomaticallyprovesbeneficial,systemscanbecomeoutdated

oremployeesmaylackappropriatetraining.Therearcmanycommunicationstoolsnow

availablebutafirmcannotaffordallofthem.Evenifitcould,itdoesnotactuallyneed

themall.Thepotentialgainsmustbeweighedupagainstthecosts,andfirmsshould

realisethatmorecommunicationdoesnotnecessarilymeanbettercommunication.Asthe

numberofpeopleinvolvedinanorganisationincrease,theuseofwrittencommunication

risesevenfaster.Insteadofaquickconversationtosortsomethingoutnumerous

messagescanbepassedbackwardsandforwards.Thiscanleadtoatremendousamount

ofpaperworkandisoftenlesseffectivethanfacetofacecommunication.Whenyouarc

actuallytalkingtosomeoneyoucandiscussthingsuntilyouarehappytheyhave

understoodandfeedbackisimmediate.Withwrittenmessages,however,youarenever

quitesurehowitwillbereceived.Whatyouthinkyouhavesaidandwhattheother

personthinksyouhavesaidcanbeverydifferent.Theamountofwritteninformation

generatedinlargeorganisationstodaycanleadtocommunicationoverload.Somuch

informationisgatheredthatitgetsinthewayofmakingdecisions.Takealookatthe

averagemanager'sdeskandyouwillseetheproblem—itisoftencoveredinletters,

reportsandmemos.Thisoverloadcanleadtoinefficiencies.Forexample,managersmay

notbeabletofindtheinformationtheywantwhentheyneedit.Communicationisalso

becomingmoredifficultwiththechangesoccurringinemploymentpatterns.Withmore

peopleworkingpart-timeandworkingfromhome,managingcommunicationis

becomingincreasinglycomplex.

26、Accordingtothewriter,thebestwayofachievingeffectivecommunicationis

to.

A、adaptthemessagetosuitaparticularaudience

B、makethecontentofmessagebriefanddirect

C^selectthemostsuitablemeansofconveyingaparticularmessage

D、ensurethatinformationistargetedattheappropriaiegroupofpeople

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章笫二段中说："Themostappropriaiemethoddependsonwhai

exactlyitisyouarccommunicating".即要根据所传递信息的内容选择适当的方式传

递信息。

27>Whatdoesthewritersayaboutthecommunicationoptionsavailabletosenior

managers?

A、Sendingmemostostaffisoneofthemostefficientmethods.

B、Itisimportanttofindthetimetodiscusscertainmatterswithstaff.

C>Theyshouldincreasetherangeofoptionsthattheyuse.

D、Gettingjuniormanagerstotalktostaffcancreatedifferentproblems.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第三段中说：“Obviouslythistask（指高级管理人员和每个员工面

谈工作进度）canbedelegatedbutalthecostofcreatingagapbetweensenior

managementandstaff"即高管人员将任务分派给低级管理人员的办法虽然可行，但

相应的代价是高管和员工间会产生.隔阂。Bedelegated后省略了tothejunior

managers.

28、Whatadviceisgivenaboutthecommunicationtoolsmadeavailablebytechnology?

ANAimtolimitstaffuseofcertaincommunicationtools.

B、Evaluatethemintermsoftheexpenditureinvolved.

C^Selectthemonthebasisofthefacilitiestheyoffer.

D^Encouragemorestafftoattendtrainingcoursesintheiruse.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第四段说："Thepotentialgainsmustbeweighedupagainstthe

costs",即要衡量增加通讯设备的成本和产出之比。选项B说要根据支出来判断设

备是否必要是正确的。

29、Accordingtothewriter,aproblemwithwrittencommunicationisthat.

A、themessagecanbeinterpreteddifferentlytowhatwasintended

B、itcanbeeasyforpeopletoignorethecontentsofawrittenmessage

C^mostpeoplearemorecomfortablewithface-to-facecommunication

D、itispossibleforcorrespondencetogetlostwithinalargeorganisation

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第五段说："Wilhwrillenmessages,however,youareneverquite

surehowitwillbereceived.Whatyouthinkyouhavesaidandwhattheotherperson

thinksyouhavesaidcanbeverydifferent".由于以书面形式传达信息不能得到这方

及时反馈，一方表达的意思很容易被另一方误读。选项A说的也是这个意思。

30、Accordingtothearticle,whatistheeffectofreceivinglargeamountsofwritten

information?

A^Itiscounter-productive.

B、Ilcausesconflictinacompany.

C^Illeadstochangesinworkpatterns.

D、itmakesthemainpointsmoredifficulttoidentify.

标准答案：B

知识点解析:文章最后一段说："Thisoverloadcanleadtoinefficiencies".文中亦举

例说明了大量信息以书面形式传达造成的低效率：管理人员无法迅速从堆积如山的

公文中找到所需的文件，从而影响了做出决策的效率。

Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefandwaysoflifeofagiven

groupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,

undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.Totheprofessionalanthropologist,there

isnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist

thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesof

backwardgroupsassavage,undevelopedformofspeech,consistinglargelyofgruntsand

groans.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsand

groans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof"backward"languagesthatnospoken

tongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byour

mostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachinery

forthetransferofideas.Theyfallbehindthewesternlanguagesnotintheirsound

patternsorgrammaticals:ructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguage

needs,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknownto

theirspeakers.Eveninthisdepartment,however,twothingsaretobenoted:1.Ail

languagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion;eitherbyputting

togetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesand

adaptingthemtotheirownsystem.2.Theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesand

distinctionsin"backward"languages,whiledifferentfromours;areoftensurprisingly

numerousandcomplicated.Awesternlanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwo

degreesofremoteness("this"and"that");somelanguagesoftheAmericanIndians

distinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,orthepersonaddressed,orremotefrom

both,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsa

newlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturesaretoviewed

independently,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy.

31、Theauthorusesquotationmarksin"backward"toindicatethat.

A、backwardlanguagesareconnectedwithbackwardgroups

B、backwardlanguagesareconnectedwithbackwardcultures

C、backwardlanguagesarcmovingforward

D、thereisnosuchthingasbackwardlanguages

标准答案：C

知识点解析：作者给backward一词加上了引号，表明自己虽然使用这个词，但与

其通常的含义是不同的。从作者的结论来看，他不承认语言之间有等级划分，当然

也就没有先进和落后之分，因此D应当是正确答案。

32、TheexampleofAmericanIndianlanguagesinthepassageistoillustrate

that.

A、AmericanIndianlanguagesarenotbackward

B、backwardlanguagesareborrowingfromotherlanguages

C>backwardlanguagesmaypossessquitecomplicatedvocabularies

D、westernlanguagesmayalsoBOITOWfrom"backward"languages

标准答案：c」J」

知识点解析：这里提问的是作者使用例子的目的，回答时应当联系上下文，尤其是

作者在例子之前进行的论述，因为例子正是为了证明这些论述的。A是就事论事，

是对例子本身的解释；B和D都没有联系上文；C是正确答案，是例子所要进一步

阐明的观点。

33、Accordingtotheauthor,"backward"languagestendtoexpandin.

A、grammaticalstructures

B、vocabularies

C^complication

D、soundpatterns

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文中提到"Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabulary

expansion",因此"backwarcTlanguages也不例外，在词汇方面有扩张的倾向,所以

B是正确答案。

34Judgingfromthepassage,theauthormightbe.

ANanAmericanIndian

B、aCanadian

C、anAfrican

D^aJapanese

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据文章内容判断，作者在文中所用的"ourkmguages"和"western

languages”所指相同，因此作者应当是西方人；而从作者以美国印第安人语言当例

情况来看，作者不是美国印第安人，所以B的可能性最大。

35、Thebesttitleforthispassageis.

A、CriticismofLanguageHierarchy

B、CulturalEqualityfromthePerspectivesofLanguage

C^Expansionof"Backward"Language

D、CriticismofLanguageHierarchy

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本文开头段和结尾段讲的都是文化的问题，强调文化的平等主义，从

中间几段来看，是在借文化当中的语言来进一步证明文化之间的平等，因此B应

当是正确答案；其他几个答案都只看到了文章的部分内容，以偏概全。

By1,800abouthalfthepopulationofBrazilhadcomefromAfrica.Sohadabouthalfthe

populationofVenezuela.Sohadasmallerbutstilllargepartofallthepopulationof

Trans-Atlanticrepublics,whetherinNorth,CentralorSouthAfrica,orintheCaribbean

islands.ItwasthesemenandwomenofAfricandescentconqueredthewildernessofthe

Americas,clearingandworkingincountlessfarmsandplantations,foundingandopening

innumerableminesofironorpreciousmetals.Harshandpainfulasitwas,theoverseas

slavetrade(likethenotmuchlesspainfulmovementofmillionsofhungryandjobless

menandwomenfromEurope)laidthefoundationsofAmericanrepublics.These

AfricansbeyondtheseashavetheirplaceinthestoryofAfrica(thestoryofWest

Africa),forwhattheyattemptedandachievedwasalsoareflectionofthestrongand

independentcivilizationfromwhichtheycame.Consider,forexample,theheroicand

successfulstruggleforindependenceconductedbytheslavesoftheCaribbeanlandofSt.

Domingue.In1789,atthemomentoftheFrenchRevolution,thisFrenchcolonyinthe

Caribbeanwasprobablythewealthiestcolonyintheworld.Itslensofthousandsof

Africanslave-workersproducedenormousquantitiesofsugar,wholeEuropean

communitieslivedofftheprofits.WhennewsoftheRevolutioninFrancereachedSt.

Domingue,theseslavesclaimedtheirshareinitsidealsandbenefits.Theydemanded

theirfreedom.Whendeniedthis,theyroseinrevoltagainsttheirmasters.Inyearsofhard

fightingagainstlargearmiessentbyFrance,andafterwardsagainstlargearmiessentby

Britain,thesemenofSt.DominguewontheirfreedomandfoundedtheRepublicofHaiti.

Yetmorethanhalfthesesoldiersoffreedomhadmadethe"middlepassage"acrossthe

Atlantic.Morethanhalf,inotherwords,hadbeenborninAfrica,hadspenttheir

childhoodinAfrica,andhadlearnedinAfricatheirrespectforfreedom;whilenearlyall

therestwerethechildrenofparentsorgrandparentsborninAfrica.Andtheywereledby

Africans:bymenofgeniusandcouragesuchasBoukman,theunforgettableToussaint

Louverture,andDessalincs.RaisedbyToussaintandhisAfricans,thebanneroffreedom

acrosstheAtlanticwascarriedfrompeopletopeople.Manythrewofftheirbondage.

LargenumbersofmenofAfricanoriginfoughtinthearmiesthatmadetheUnitedSlates

whattheyaretoday.ItwasageneralofAfricandescent,AntonioMaceo,wholedthe

militarystruggleforCubanindependenceagainstSpainin1868.Likeothermenof

vision,Maceohadnotimeforracism,forthefalseideathatoneraceofmenisbetteror

worsethananyother.SomeofthewhitesofCubadisagreedwithhim.Theywere

Spanishsettlerswhothoughtthatwhitewasgoingtobebetterthanblackeveninan

independentCuba.OnedayMaceowasapproachedbyaSpanishCubanwhosuggested

thattheregimentsofindependencearmyshouldbedividedintowhitesandnon-whites.

MaceomadehimareplywhichbecamefamousinCuba."Ifyouwerenotwhite",Maceo

saidtothisman,"Iwouldhaveyoushotonthespot.ButIdonotwishtobeaccusedof

beingracialistasyouare,andsoIletyougo,butwiththewarningthatIshallnotbeso

patientanothertime.Therevolutionhasnocolor".

36、Ilcouldbeinferredthatthewriterthinksthat,incomparisonwiththemovementof

millionsofhungryandjoblesspeoplefromEurope,theoverseasslavetradewas

A^muchlessharshandpainful

BNratherharshandpainful

C、moreharshandpainful

D、notmuchlessharshandpainful

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章第一段第五句话说"Harshandpainfulasitwas,theoverseasslave

trade(likethenotmuchlesspainfulmovementofmillionsofhungryandjoblessmenand

womenfromEurope...".由此可见，theoverseasslavetrade更艰辛、更痛苦。这与

C符合。A和D与文章的意思相反；B不对。

37、Themainpurposeofthefirstparagraphis.

ANtodescribetheheroicandsuccessfulstrugglefbrindependencewagedbytheslaves

ofSt.Domingues

B、toshowhowhugenumbersofAfricanspopulatedtheAmericas

C、toshowthatAfricanshadavitalparttoplayinlayingthefoundationsofthe

Americanrepublics

D、todescribethehorrorsoftheoverseasslavetrade

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章第一段第一、二句话说，一半儿的巴西人来自于非洲，一半儿的

委内瑞拉人也来自非洲。第四句话说"ItwasthesemenandwomenofAfricandescent

conqueredthewildernessoftheAmericas,clearingandworkingincountlessfarmsand

plantations,foundingandopeninginnumerableminesofironorpreciousmetals'*o。随

后具体说明了这些非洲人的情况。可见，第一段主要是告诉我们，非洲人为美洲的

文明做出了贡献，这与C符合。A、B和D只是第一段中提到的细节，不能表达第

一段的主要意思。

38、Totheauthor,theimportantthingabouttherevolutionofSt.Domingueisthat

A、itwasledbyAfricans

B、itfoughtagainstarmiesfrombothBritainandFrance

C、thepeopleoftheislandweredeniedashareinthebenefitsandidealsoftheFrench

Revolution

D>itwasinspiredbythestrongandindependentcivilizationofAfricawheremostofthe

soldiershadoriginated

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第二段指出"...theseslavesclaimedtheirshareinitsidealsand

benefits.Theydemandedtheirfreedom.Whendeniedthis,theyroseinrevoltagainst

theirmasters...YetmorethanhalfthesesoldiersoffreedomhadbeenborninAfrica,had

spenttheirchildhoodinAfrica,andhadlearnedinAfr