2026年天津市人教版初中英语下册第10章同步练习题

2026年天津市人教版初中英语下册第10章同步练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.根据第10章课文内容，Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"?Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.A.ThehistoryofenvironmentalpollutionintheworldB.TheimportanceofrecyclingandreducingwasteC.ThedevelopmentofrenewableenergysourcesD.Theeffectsofclimatechangeonpolarbears解析：本题考查第10章核心主题。根据课文第1节内容，作者明确指出"ProtectingtheEnvironment"的核心是呼吁人们通过垃圾分类、节约资源等方式减少对地球的破坏。选项B"recyclingandreducingwaste"与课文第2节"weshouldrecyclepaper,plastic,andglass"及第3节"wemustreducetheuseofdisposableproducts"完全一致。选项A、C、D虽与环保相关，但非本单元重点。正确答案为B。2.Inthepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment",theauthorusestheexampleofasmalltowntoshow______.A.HowpeoplecanworktogethertosolveenvironmentalproblemsB.WhyfactoriesshouldclosedownimmediatelyC.HowanimalsareaffectedbypollutionD.Thecostofbuildingarecyclingcenter解析：本题考查课文细节理解。根据第4节"Lastyear,asmalltowninCanadastartedarecyclingprogram..."及第5节"Withintwoyears,theyreducedtheirwasteby70%"，作者通过加拿大小镇的案例说明社区合作能有效改善环境问题。选项A与原文逻辑一致，选项B、C、D均为无中生有信息。正确答案为A。3.根据第10章语法部分，选择正确的时态填空：TheEarth______gettingwarmerbecausepeoplekeepcuttingdowntrees.A.isbecomingB.becomesC.wasbecomingD.willbecome解析：本题考查现在进行时态。根据课文语法点第1节"PresentContinuousforFuturePlans"，描述环境变化趋势时，现在进行时表示正在发生的持续性动作。原文"gettingwarmer"符合该结构，且与第6节"ScientistssaytheEarthisbecomingwarmer..."一致。选项B为一般现在时，选项C为过去进行时，选项D为一般将来时，均不符合语境。正确答案为A。4.Inthepassage"SaveWater,SavetheWorld",theunderlinedword"drastic"in"drasticmeasuresareneeded"means______.A.gentleB.seriousC.expensiveD.easy解析：本题考查词汇理解。根据第10章词汇表第5页，"drastic"意为"猛烈的、根本的"。结合上下文"watershortageisaseriousproblem"，作者强调需要采取严厉措施。选项B"serious"与该词义最接近，选项A、C、D均与词义相反。正确答案为B。5.根据第10章课文内容，Whydopeopleindesertareasneedtosavewater?Theyneedtosavewaterbecause______.A.thereistoomuchwaterintheirregionB.waterisveryexpensivetotransportC.theyhavetoomanyanimalstodrinkD.thegovernmentforbidsthemtousewater解析：本题考查课文推理判断。根据第7节"Desertareasgetverylittlerain,sowaterisscarce"及第8节"Manypeoplehavetowalkmilestogetwater"，作者明确指出沙漠地区水资源匮乏。选项B与原文"waterisscarce"及第9节"peoplemustusewatercarefully"一致。选项A、C、D均为错误信息。正确答案为B。6.Inthepassage"HowtoSaveEnergyatHome",whichofthefollowingisNOTagoodwaytosaveenergy?A.TurningofflightswhenyouleavearoomB.UsingawashingmachinewithafullloadC.WalkinginsteadofridingabikeD.Usingafaninsteadofanairconditioner解析：本题考查课文细节对比。根据第10章第10节"Energy-savingtips:..."，选项A、C、D均为节能措施（节约电力、减少碳排放）。选项B"usingawashingmachinewithafullload"与第11节"Runningamachinewithfewclotheswasteswaterandenergy"矛盾。正确答案为B。7.根据第10章语法部分，选择正确的句子：Thestudents______tothelibraryyesterdayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.going解析：本题考查一般过去时态。根据课文语法点第2节"PastSimpleforFinishedActions"，描述昨天下午完成的动作需用一般过去时。选项B"went"符合该结构，且与第12节"LastTuesday,theywenttothelibrary"一致。选项A、C为一般现在时，选项D为动名词形式，均不符合语境。正确答案为B。8.Inthepassage"Reduce,Reuse,Recycle",theauthorsuggeststhatweshould______.A.buynewthingseveryweekB.throwawayoldbooksandclothesC.useplasticbagsforshoppingD.findwaystousethingsagain解析：本题考查课文主旨理解。根据第10章第13节"Reducemeansusingless.Reusemeansusingthingsagain.Recyclemeansmakingnewthingsfromoldones"，作者强调循环利用。选项D与该主旨完全一致。选项A、B、C均与环保原则相反。正确答案为D。9.根据第10章课文内容，Whatdoesthepassage"TheImportanceofTrees"mainlytalkabout?Thepassagemainlytalksabout______.A.ThehistoryoftreeplantinginChinaB.ThebenefitsoftreesfortheenvironmentC.ThetypesoftreesthatgrowinwinterD.Thejobsofpeoplewhoworkinforests解析：本题考查课文主题概括。根据第10章第14节"Treescleantheair.Theygiveusoxygen.Theyprovidehomesforanimals"，作者重点论述树木对环境的益处。选项B与原文内容完全一致。选项A、C、D均为无关信息。正确答案为B。10.Inthepassage"ProtectingEndangeredAnimals",theword"endangered"in"endangeredspecies"means______.A.protectedB.rareC.dangerousD.common解析：本题考查词汇理解。根据第10章词汇表第7页，"endangered"意为"濒危的"。结合上下文"manyanimalsareindangerofdisappearing"，作者强调物种减少问题。选项B"rare"与该词义最接近。选项A、C、D均与词义相反。正确答案为B。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Accordingtothepassage"SaveWater,SavetheWorld",waterisimportantbecauseit______fordrinking,washing,andgrowingfood.答案isneeded解析：根据第10章第5节"Waterisessentialforlife.Weneeditfordrinking,washing,andgrowingfood"，此处需填入系动词"be"的现在分词形式，表示"对...是必要的"。2.Inthepassage"HowtoSaveEnergyatHome",theauthorsuggeststurningoffthecomputerwhenyou______it.答案don’tuse解析：根据第10章第9节"Turnoffthecomputerwhenyoudon’tuseit"，此处需填入"don’t"与"use"构成的否定条件状语从句。3.Thepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"tellsusthatweshould______theplasticbottlesinsteadofthrowingthemaway.答案recycle解析：根据第10章第2节"RecyclingplasticbottleshelpsprotecttheEarth"，此处需填入动词原形"recycle"，与"should"搭配构成情态动词用法。4.Inthepassage"TheImportanceofTrees",treescan______theairbyabsorbingharmfulgases.答案clean解析：根据第10章第14节"Treescleantheair.Theyabsorbcarbondioxide"，此处需填入动词原形"clean"，与"can"搭配表示能力。5.Thepassage"Reduce,Reuse,Recycle"tellsusthatusingoldjarstostorefoodisagoodwayto______.答案reuse解析：根据第10章第13节"Reusemeansusingthingsagain"，此处需填入动词原形"reuse"，与"to"搭配构成不定式。6.Inthepassage"ProtectingEndangeredAnimals",manyanimalsarebecoming______becausetheirhabitatsaredestroyed.答案endangered解析：根据第10章第7节"Endangeredanimalsareindangerofdisappearing"，此处需填入形容词"endangered"，修饰名词"animals"。7.Thepassage"SaveWater,SavetheWorld"tellsusthatweshould______thetapwhenwebrushourteeth.答案turnoff解析：根据第10章第6节"Turnoffthetapwhilebrushingyourteeth"，此处需填入动词短语"turnoff"，与"thetap"搭配构成祈使句。8.Inthepassage"HowtoSaveEnergyatHome",usingLEDbulbsinsteadofordinarybulbscan______energy.答案save解析：根据第10章第10节"LEDbulbsuselessenergy"，此处需填入动词原形"save"，与"can"搭配表示能力。9.Thepassage"TheImportanceofTrees"tellsusthattreescan______animalsfromthesunandrain.答案protect解析：根据第10章第14节"Treesprovidehomesforanimals"，此处需填入动词原形"protect"，与"can"搭配表示能力。10.Inthepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment",theauthorsuggestsusingpublictransportto______carpollution.答案reduce解析：根据第10章第3节"Usingpublictransportreducescarpollution"，此处需填入动词原形"reduce"，与"to"搭配构成不定式。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"mainlydiscussesthebenefitsofrecycling.(×)解析：原文核心是呼吁环保行动，而非仅讨论回收好处。正确表述应为"mainlydiscusseshowtoprotecttheenvironment"。2.Inthepassage"SaveWater,SavetheWorld",waterisnotimportantforgrowingfood.(×)解析：根据第5节"Waterisneededfordrinking,washing,andgrowingfood"，该说法与原文矛盾。3.Thepassage"HowtoSaveEnergyatHome"suggestsusingmoreelectricitytosavetime.(×)解析：原文强调节约电力，该说法与环保原则相反。4.Inthepassage"Reduce,Reuse,Recycle",buyingnewthingsisagoodwaytohelptheenvironment.(×)解析：原文主旨是减少浪费，该说法与环保理念矛盾。5.Thepassage"TheImportanceofTrees"tellsusthattreesdonotprovideoxygenforpeople.(×)解析：根据第14节"Treesgiveusoxygen"，该说法与原文矛盾。6.Inthepassage"ProtectingEndangeredAnimals",allanimalsareindangerofdisappearing.(×)解析：原文仅提到"manyanimals"，并非所有动物。7.Thepassage"SaveWater,SavetheWorld"suggestsleavingthetaprunningwhilewashingdishes.(×)解析：根据第6节"Turnoffthetapwhilewashingdishes"，该说法与原文矛盾。8.Inthepassage"HowtoSaveEnergyatHome",usingafanisbetterthanusinganairconditioner.(×)解析：原文未比较两者优劣，仅建议替代空调。9.Thepassage"Reduce,Reuse,Recycle"tellsusthatrecyclingisnotimportant.(×)解析：根据第13节"RecyclinghelpsprotecttheEarth"，该说法与原文矛盾。10.Thepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"suggeststhrowingawayplasticbottlestosavetime.(×)解析：原文强调回收塑料瓶，该说法与环保原则相反。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Accordingtothepassage"SaveWater,SavetheWorld",whyiswaterimportant?Pleaselistatleastthreereasons.参考答案-Waterisneededfordrinking.-Waterisneededforwashing.-Waterisneededforgrowingfood.-Waterisneededforindustry.解析：本题考查课文细节归纳。根据第5节内容，需列举至少三点水的重要性，如饮用、洗涤、农业、工业等。2.Inthepassage"HowtoSaveEnergyatHome",whataretwowaystosaveenergy?参考答案-Turningofflightswhenyouleavearoom.-Usingawashingmachinewithafullload.解析：本题考查课文细节列举。根据第10节，需列举至少两点节能方法，如关闭灯光、集中洗衣等。3.Thepassage"Reduce,Reuse,Recycle"tellsusthatreducingmeansusingless.Pleasegiveoneexampleofhowtoreducewaste.参考答案-Usingareusablebaginsteadofaplasticbagwhenshopping.解析：本题考查课文应用理解。根据第13节"Reducemeansusingless"，需举例说明减少浪费的行为，如自带购物袋。4.Inthepassage"TheImportanceofTrees",whyaretreesimportantforanimals?参考答案-Treesprovidehomesforanimals.-Treesgiveanimalsshade.解析：本题考查课文细节理解。根据第14节，需说明树木对动物的作用，如提供栖息地、遮阳等。5.Thepassage"ProtectingEndangeredAnimals"tellsusthatmanyanimalsareindanger.Whatshouldpeopledotohelpthem?参考答案-Protecttheirhabitats.-Donothuntthem.解析：本题考查课文推理判断。根据第7节，需说明保护濒危动物的方法，如保护栖息地、禁止捕猎等。6.Inthepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment",whyisrecyclingimportant?参考答案-Recyclinghelpsreducepollution.-Recyclingsavesresources.解析：本题考查课文主旨理解。根据第2节，需说明回收的重要性，如减少污染、节约资源等。7.Thepassage"SaveWater,SavetheWorld"suggeststurningoffthetapwhilebrushingyourteeth.Whyisthisagoodidea?参考答案-Itsaveswater.-Itreduceswaste.解析：本题考查课文细节应用。根据第6节，需说明关闭水龙头的好处，如节约用水、减少浪费等。8.Inthepassage"HowtoSaveEnergyatHome",whyareLEDbulbsbetterthanordinarybulbs?参考答案-LEDbulbsuselessenergy.-LEDbulbslastlonger.解析：本题考查课文细节对比。根据第10节，需说明LED灯的优势，如节能、耐用等。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Supposeyouareastudent.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)abouthowyoucanprotecttheenvironmentatschool.参考答案Atschool,Icanprotecttheenvironmentbyrecyclingpaper,turningofflightswhenleavingaclassroom,andplantingtrees.Icanalsoremindmyclassmatestosavewaterandenergy.Smallactionscanmakeabigdifference.解析：本题考查课文知识应用。需结合环保主题，写出至少三项校园环保行动，如垃圾分类、节约电力等。2.Imagineyouareareporter.Writeashortarticle(about60words)aboutalocalenvironmentalproblemandsuggestsolutions.参考答案Inourcity,manypeoplethrowplasticbottlesonthestreet.Thispollutestheenvironment.Weshouldrecycleplasticbottlesandusereusablecontainers.Thegovernmentshouldalsopunishlittering.解析：本题考查课文知识拓展。需描述本地环境问题（如塑料污染），并提出解决方案（回收、立法等）。3.Thepassage"SaveWater,SavetheWorld"tellsusthatwaterisimportantforlife.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)aboutwhywaterisimportantforyourfamily.参考答案Waterisimportantformyfamilybecauseweneeditfordrinking,cooking,andcleaning.Myparentsalsousewatertogrowvegetablesinourgarden.Withoutwater,ourlifewouldbedifficult.解析：本题考查课文知识延伸。需说明水对家庭的重要性，如饮用、烹饪、园艺等。4.Inthepassage"HowtoSaveEnergyatHome",theauthorsuggestsusingLEDbulbs.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)explainingwhyLEDbulbsarebetter.参考答案LEDbulbsarebetterbecausetheyuselesselectricityandlastlongerthanordinarybulbs.Theyalsodonotproducemuchheat,makingthemsafer.UsingLEDbulbscanhelpsavemoneyandprotecttheenvironment.解析：本题考查课文知识应用。需说明LED灯的优势，如节能、耐用、安全等。5.Thepassage"Reduce,Reuse,Recycle"tellsusthatreducingwasteisimportant.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)abouthowyoucanreducewasteathome.参考答案Athome,Icanreducewastebyusingareusablecupinsteadofbuyingdisposableones.IalsobuyonlywhatIneedtoavoidfoodwaste.ReducingwastehelpsprotecttheEarthandsavesresources.解析：本题考查课文知识应用。需说明家庭减少浪费的方法，如自带用品、理性购物等。6.Inthepassage"TheImportanceofTrees",treesprovidemanybenefits.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)aboutwhytreesareimportantforourcommunity.参考答案Treesareimportantforourcommunitybecausetheycleantheair,provideshade,andpreventsoilerosion.Theyalsogivehomestobirdsandinsects.Plantingmoretreesmakesourcommunitygreenerandhealthier.解析：本题考查课文知识延伸。需说明树木对社区的重要性，如净化空气、防风固沙等。7.Thepassage"ProtectingEndangeredAnimals"tellsusthatmanyanimalsareindanger.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)aboutwhatyoucandotohelpprotectanimals.参考答案Icanhelpprotectanimalsbynotbuyingproductsmadefromendangeredspecies.Icanalsoparticipateinanimalprotectionactivitiesandspreadawareness.Everyeffortcanmakeadifference.解析：本题考查课文知识应用。需说明保护动物的方法，如拒绝购买制品、参与活动等。8.Imagi