小学英语语法总复习及练习

小学英语语法总复习及练习亲爱的同学们，英语语法是我们构建英语知识大厦的基石。掌握好基础语法，能让我们更准确地理解别人说的话、写出通顺的句子，也能让我们更自信地开口说英语。临近复习，我们就来系统地梳理一下小学阶段需要掌握的核心语法点，并通过练习来巩固。请大家拿出笔记本，认真跟上哦！一、名词(Nouns)名词就是我们所说的“东西”的名字，比如人、动物、物品、地方、想法等。1.可数名词(CountableNouns)：可以数清楚数量的名词。*单数：表示一个。如：abook(一本书),anapple(一个苹果)。注意：以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前用"an"。*复数：表示两个或两个以上。*一般情况下加"s"：books,cats。*以"s","x","ch","sh"结尾的加"es"：buses,boxes,watches,dishes。*以辅音字母加"y"结尾的，变"y"为"i"加"es"：baby-babies,family-families。*特殊变化：man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,fish-fish(单复数同形),sheep-sheep(单复数同形)。2.不可数名词(UncountableNouns)：不能直接数出数量的名词，通常是液体、粉末、抽象概念等。如：water(水),milk(牛奶),bread(面包),rice(米饭),money(钱),happiness(快乐)。它们没有复数形式，也不能直接用"a"或"an"修饰。*表示数量时，可以用"acupof..."(一杯...),"abottleof..."(一瓶...),"some..."(一些...)等。小练习一：写出下列名词的复数形式(若为不可数名词则写"不可数")1.pen______2.baby______3.tooth______4.sheep______5.water______6.box______二、冠词(Articles)冠词就像名词的“小帽子”，有"a","an","the"三个。1.a/an：不定冠词，表示“一个”，用于单数可数名词前。*"a"用于辅音音素开头的单词前：acat,auniversity(虽然"university"以"u"开头，但发音是/juː/，为辅音音素)。*"an"用于元音音素开头的单词前：anapple,anhour(虽然"hour"以"h"开头，但"h"不发音，开头是元音音素/aʊ/)。2.the：定冠词，表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”，特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。*指上文提到过的人或物。*指双方都知道的人或物。*用于世界上独一无二的事物前：thesun,themoon,theearth。*用于序数词、形容词最高级前：thefirstday,thetallestboy。3.不用冠词的情况：*复数名词表示泛指时：Catslikefish.*不可数名词表示泛指时：Waterisimportant.*三餐、球类运动前：havebreakfast,playfootball。小练习二：在横线上填入适当的冠词"a","an"或"the"，不需要的填"/"1.Ihave______dog.______dogisblack.2.Sheeats______appleeveryday.3.______sunisbrighttoday.4.Theyoftenplay______basketballafterschool.5.Thisis______usefulbook.三、代词(Pronouns)代词用来代替名词，避免重复。1.人称代词(PersonalPronouns)：*主格(作主语)：I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they*宾格(作宾语，放在动词或介词后)：me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them例如：Heismyfriend.Ilikehim.(他是我的朋友。我喜欢他。)2.物主代词(PossessivePronouns)：*形容词性物主代词(后面必须跟名词)：my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their*例如：Thisismybook.(这是我的书。)*名词性物主代词(后面不跟名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”)：mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs*例如：Thisbookismine.(这本书是我的。)=Thisismybook.3.指示代词(DemonstrativePronouns)：this(这个),that(那个),these(这些),those(那些)*Thisisapen.Thatisapencil.*Thesearebooks.Thosearebags.小练习三：用适当的人称代词或物主代词填空1.MynameisLily.______amastudent.2.ThisisTom.______ismybrother.Ilove______.4.Isthisyourruler?No,______isblue.Thisis______.(我的)5.Wehaveanewhouse.______(它的)coloriswhite.四、形容词(Adjectives)和副词(Adverbs)1.形容词(Adjectives)：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征。*通常放在名词前面：aredapple,ahappygirl。*也可以放在be动词(am,is,are)后面：Theappleisred.Sheishappy.*比较级和最高级(小学阶段主要掌握规则变化)：*一般情况加-er(比较级)/-est(最高级)：tall-taller-tallest*以不发音的"e"结尾加-r/-st：nice-nicer-nicest*以辅音字母加"y"结尾，变"y"为"i"加-er/-est：happy-happier-happiest*部分双音节和多音节词前加more/most：beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful*不规则变化：good/well-better-best,bad-worse-worst,many/much-more-most2.副词(Adverbs)：主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作发生的方式、时间、地点等。*很多副词由形容词加"ly"构成：quick-quickly,happy-happily。*一些副词和形容词同形：fast,hard,early。*副词通常放在动词后面：Sherunsfast.Hesingsbeautifully.小练习四：用括号内形容词的适当形式填空1.Thisstoryis______(interesting)thanthatone.2.Mymotheristhe______(kind)personinmyfamily.3.Tomruns______(fast),butLucyruns______(fast)thanTom.小练习五：用括号内单词的适当形式(形容词或副词)填空1.Thegirlis______(quiet).Shespeaks______(quiet).2.Heisa______(good)singer.Hesings______(good).五、动词(Verbs)动词是句子的“心脏”，表示动作或状态。1.be动词(am,is,are)：*用法：Iam,youare,he/she/itis,weare,youare,theyare.(我用am,你用are,is跟着他她它，复数全部都用are。)*否定形式：在am/is/are后加not。isnot=isn't,arenot=aren't。*疑问形式：将am/is/are提到句首。*例如：*Iamastudent.→Iamnotastudent.→Areyouastudent?*Heishappy.→Heisn'thappy.→Ishehappy?*Theyarefriends.→Theyaren'tfriends.→Aretheyfriends?2.情态动词(Can,May,Must)：*后面跟动词原形。*can:能，会。否定can't(cannot)。*Icanswim.Shecan'tdance.*may:可以，可能。否定maynot。*must:必须，一定。否定mustn't(禁止)/needn't(不必)。*Youmuststudyhard.Youmustn'truninthehall.3.实义动词(ActionVerbs)：表示具体动作的词，如eat,run,play,like。*一般现在时(SimplePresentTense)：*表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。*当主语是第三人称单数(he,she,it或单个的人/物)时，动词要加"s"或"es"。*一般情况加"s"：play-plays,eat-eats。*以"s","x","ch","sh"或"o"结尾的加"es"：watch-watches,go-goes,do-does。*以辅音字母加"y"结尾的，变"y"为"i"加"es"：study-studies,fly-flies。*否定句和疑问句要借助助动词"do"或"does"。*主语不是第三人称单数：Ilikeapples.→Idon'tlikeapples.→Doyoulikeapples?*主语是第三人称单数：Helikesapples.→Hedoesn'tlikeapples.→Doeshelikeapples?*现在进行时(PresentContinuousTense)：*表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。*结构：be(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词(动词-ing形式)。*动词-ing变化规则：*一般情况直接加"ing"：play-playing,eat-eating。*以不发音的"e"结尾，去"e"加"ing"：make-making,write-writing。*以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加"ing"：run-running,swim-swimming,sit-sitting。*例如：Iamreadingabooknow.Sheissinging.Theyareplayingfootball.小练习六：用be动词的适当形式填空1.Myfather______ateacher.2.We______intheclassroom.3.______youfromChina?Yes,I______.4.Thecats______black.小练习七：用括号内动词的适当形式填空(一般现在时)1.Heoften______(play)basketballafterschool.2.I______(like)icecreamverymuch.3.She______(notwatch)TVeveryday.4.______yourmother______(cook)dinnereveryevening?小练习八：用括号内动词的适当形式填空(现在进行时)1.Listen!Someone______(sing)inthenextroom.2.Look!Thechildren______(play)games.3.I______(do)myhomeworknow.4.They______(notwatch)TV.They______(read)books.六、介词(Prepositions)介词表示名词或代词与句中其他词的关系，如时间、地点、方向等。常见介词：in,on,under,at,behind,beside,near,infrontof,from,to,with,for,about等。*时间介词：*in:inthemorning/afternoon/evening,inJanuary,insummer,in*on:onMonday,onJune1st,onChildren'sDay*at:atsixo'clock,atnoon,atnight,attheweekend*地点介词：*in:inthebox,intheclassroom,inChina*on:onthedesk,onthewall,onthefarm*behind:behindthedoor*beside:besidethewindow*infrontof:infrontofthehouse小练习九：选择合适的介词填空(in,on,under,at,behind)1.Thebookis______thedesk.2.Wehavelunch______12:00.3.Mybirthdayis______May.4.Thecatis______thedoor.Ican'tseeit.七、句子的种类(SentenceTypes)1.陈述句(Statement)：用来陈述事实或表达看法。分为肯定句和否定句。*肯定句：Iamastudent.Shelikescats.*否定句：Iamnotastudent.Shedoesn'tlikecats.2.疑问句(Question)：用来提出问题。*一般疑问句(Yes/Noquestions)：通常以be动词、助动词(do/does)或情态动词(can/may)开头。回答用Yes或No。*Isheateacher?Yes,heis./No,heisn't.*Doyoulikeapples?Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.*Cansheswim?Yes,shecan./No,shecan't.*特殊疑问句(Wh-questions)：以特殊疑问词开头，如what(什么),who(谁),where(哪里),when(什么时候),why(为什么),how(怎样)。*Whatisyourname?MynameisTom.*Wheredoyoulive?IliveinBeijing.*Howoldareyou?Iamten.3.祈使句(ImperativeSentence)：用来表示命令、请求、建议等。通常以动词原形开头。*Openthedoor,please.(请开门。)*Don'trun.(不要跑。)*Let'sgotoschool.(让我们去上学吧。)小练习十：按要求改写句子1.Heisadoctor.(改为否定句)He____________adoctor.2.Theyplayfootballinthepark.(改为一般疑问句)______they______footballinthepark?3.ShecansingEnglishsongs.(改为否