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考研英语(二)模拟试卷73

一、完型填空(本题共20题,每题1.0分,共20分。)

AgingposesaseriouschallengetoOECD(OrganizationofEconomicCo-operationand

Development)countries,inparticular,howtopayforfuturepublicpensionliabilities.

Andearlyretirementplacesan[Cl]burdenonpensionfinancing.Thereisno

easysolution,but[C2]retirementcouldhelp.Earlyretirementmayseemlikea

worthyindividualgoal,bu(itisasocially[C3]one,andmakes(hepresent

publicpensionsystemdifficulttosustainforlong.The[C4]reasonisthatmore

peoplearcretiringearlyandlivinglonger.Thatmeansmoreretireesdependingonthe

[C5]ofthoseinworkfortheirincome.The[C6]isworrying.Inthe

next50years,lowfertilityratesand[C7]lifeexpectancyinOECDcountries

willcausethisold-agedependencyratetoroughlydouble[C8]size.Public

pensionpayments,whichafford30%〜80%oftotalretirementincomesinOECD

countries,are[C9]torise,onaverage,byoverthreepercentagepointsinGDP

andbyasmuchaseightpercentagepointsinsomecountries.[CIO]isthe

pressureonpensionfunds(halthereisadangeroftoday'sworkersnotgettingthe

pensionstheyexpectedorfeltthey[Cl1]for.Actionisneeded,[Cl2]

simplyaimingtoreducethe[C13](andcost)ofpublicpensions,or

trying(o[C14]theroleofprivatelyfundedpensionswithinthesystem,though

necessarysteps,maybe[C15]todealwiththedependencychallenge.After

yearsof[C16]earlyretirementschemestoavoid[C17]andhigher

unemployment,manygovernmentsarenowlooking[C18]persuadingpeopleto

stayinworkuntil(heyareolder.Surely,thethinkinggoes,ifwearehealthiernowand

jobsarephysicallyless[C19]andunemploymentisdown,thenperhapsthe

[C20]rateshouldriseanew.

1、[Cll

A、unsolvable

additional

C、unsustainable

D、undue

标准答案:C

知识点解析:形容词辨析。空格处的形容词修饰burdcr,说明“提早退休给退休金

的融资带来了负担由下文第二段首句对提早退休的叙述Early

retirement...makes(hepresentpublicpensionsystemdifficulttosustainforlong(il

早退休使当前的公共养老金系统难以持久),可知文中强调的是其不可持续性,C

项unsustainable”不能持续的,无法维持的”最符合文意。B项additional”附加的,

额外的”、D项undue••不适当的,过度的“无法从文中推知。本文意在讨论前几年提

倡的提前退休给养老金系统带来的挑战,并试图找出解决方案,所以A项

unsolvable”不能解决的”与文意矛盾。

2、[C2]

A、delaying

B、retaining

C、detaining

D、hindering

标准答案:A

知识点解析;动词词义辨析。空格处填入动名词作定语修饰retiremeni,但实际考

杳的是动词词义辨析。前文提到,提早退休给养老金融费带来了负担,空格前but

转折指出,但是……退休却能有所帮助。可见,所填词应与early相对,从词义

看,只有delay单纯表示时间的“耽搁,延迟”,符合文意,故A为正确答案。retain

指“保持,保留detain指"由于被留在某地而不能按时离开”;hinder指“阻碍,妨

碍(行动或进展)

3、[C3]

A^ultimate

B、unattainable

C、specific

expensive

标准答案:D

知识点解析:形容词辨析。空格所在句子与前一分句结构对称,因此主语il指代

前一句的主语earlyretirement,空格处形容词修饰的表语one指代前文的goal。由

表示转折的连词but可知,两个分句是从一个角度分析“提早退休”作为个人和社会

目标的两种相反的影响,艮I*对个人是值得的,但对社会则是不值得的此外,由

下文可知,这利产不值得的”目标造成的后果是:使现有公共养老金系统难以持久。

所以D项expensive“昂贵的,费钱的”符合文意,为正确答案。A项ultimate"最终

的,根本的“,B项unattainable“无法实现的“,C项specific"明确的,特定的“均不

正确.

4、[C4]

A、substantial

essential

C、potential

D^controversial

标准答案:B

知识点解析:形容词辨析。根据上下文可知,空格处填入形容词修饰reason,说明

“更多的人提早退休而寿命更长''是"当前的公共养老金系统难以持久”的……原因。

本段下文都在论述这一原氏,可见它是很重要的,因此B项essential"实质的,基

本的”是正确答案。文章没有提及该原因是“潜在的,可能的”或“有争议的",排除

C项potential和D项controversial。A项substantial也有,,实质的,本质的''含义,但

它是指由于数量大而重要。

5、[C5]

A、donating

B、sponsoring

C、subsidizing

D^funding

标准答案:D

知识点解析:动词辨析。填入的动名词作dependon的介词宾语,说明“退休人员

依赖在职者的……以保障他们的收入”。关键是辨析四个核心动词的词义。四个选

项都有“提供资金''的含义,donate意为“捐赠,捐献”,一般要接表具体物体、金钱

的名词,所赠的对象一般是慈善事业或机构;sponsor意为“赞助(活动,节目等广,

而且目的常常是为了做宣传;subsidize意为“补助,资助(某人或组织支付某种费

用广;fund指supplywithmoney“为...提供资金,资助”。文中说的是在职者“资

助''而非“捐赠、赞助或补贴'‘退休工人的收入。D项符合文意,为正确答案。

6、[C6]

A、outlook

B、outcome

C、outbreak

D^outset

标准答案:A

知识点解析:名词辨析。空格处填入的名词作句子的主语,被表语worrying修

饰。由下文]11山80乂15()丫0&”...可知接下来是对将来可能发生情况的预测,A

项outlook填入空格意为“前景令人担忧”,符合文意,为正确答案。B项

oulcome“结果”,C项outbreak”(战争的)爆发,(疾病的)发作“,D项oulsel”开端,

开始''都不正确。

7、[C7]

A、prolonging

B、expanding

C、soaring

D、rising

标准答案:D

知识点解析:动词辨析。空格处填入的现在分词修饰lifeexpectancy,所在句意为

“低出生率和……预期寿命使老年人口依赖率增长约一倍"。prolong指“延长,拖长

(时间)“,不能修饰expectancy;expand指“展开,扩大(范围)因此能够修饰中心

词expectancy的只有C和D两项,而现实中人的预期寿命是随生活水平提高逐渐

增加的,不可能“突然上升。因此排除soaring,故D项rising正确,意为“上升的

预期寿命”。

8、[C8]

A、in

B、on

C、by

D、for

标准答案:A

知识点解析:介词辨析。空格处填入的介词连接double与size,表明“在大小方面

加倍“,A项in"关于……,在……方面”,是正确项。。暧关于……方面”,多指主

题方面;by”就……而论”,用于说明某人的工作、性格、出身等;for”为了,

对……来说”表示对象。

9、[C9]

A、conceived

B、reckoned

C、expected

D^meant

标准答案:C

知识点解析:动词用法。空格处填入的动词作句子的谓语,所在部分是被动语态结

构。从语法、语义上均符合文章要求的只有expect"预期,认为“,构成搭配be

expectedtodo,原文意为“公共退休金的支出有望上升”。conceive“构思,设想”,

其含义不与上下文不符。gkui产估计,猜想,认为“和山加】“打算,意欲”都不能构

成be+V.ed+todo的搭配。

10、[C10]

A、As

B、Such

C、So

D、It

标准答案:B

知识点解析:语法结构。suchthat…是习惯搭配,意为“因为非常……以至

于……”,空格所在句子是倒装句,such置于句首,起强调作用。原文意为:养老

基金的压力太大了,现在佗工人有得不到他们预期的养老金的危险。

11、[C11]

A、shouldpay

B、paying

C、bepaid

D、wouldpay

标准答案:C

知识点解析:虚拟语气的省略结构。空格处要求填入动词pay的适当形式。首先空

格前they指today\workers(现在的工人),他们将是被付给退休金•的人,所以要用

pay的被动语态。其次,fell在这里表示“想,认为,从句用虚拟语气,即should+

动词原形,这时should可以省略,所以C项正确。

12、[C12]

A、but

B、for

C、and

D^thus

标准答案:A

知识点解析:逻辑关系。考生需要判断空格前后两个分句之间的逻辑关系。由于该

句结构比较复杂,且空格较多,可以答完第13、14、15题以后再答。空格所在句

子的含义是:需要采取行动,仅仅试图减少公共养老金的支出和费用或试图增强私

人养老金在系统中的作用,虽然是必需的,但在应对这种挑战方面是不够的。可见

二者是转折关系,因此A项正确。for“因为”,表因果;and“并且”,表并列或递

进;thus“因而”,表因果。

13、[C13]

A、multitude

B、implementation

C、application

D、generosity

标准答案:D

知识点解析:通过上下文选择名词。空格处填入的名词作ofpublicpensions的中心

语以及reduce的动词宾语%根据上文,第二段末句提到‘‘养老基金的压力太大

了”,第三段首句则提出“需要采取行动”。由此推出后面的内容应该围绕如何减小

压力展开论述。因此空格处的内容“减少公共养老金的……”是减小压力的〜种方

法。A项multitude与reduce搭配,意为“减小...的数量“,代人原文,“减小公共

养老金的数量”显然不是减压的方法。B项implementation"实施,执行”通常不直接

作reduce的宾语。C项application的搭配应是applicationforpublicpensions(申请公

共养老金)。只有D项generosity“慷慨,宽大”符合文意,意为“现在的养老金支出

过于慷慨,需要减少。

14、[C14]

A^exaggerate

augment

Csmagnify

D^mulliply

标准答案:B

知识点解析:动词辨析。空格处填入的动词与theroleof...搭配。备选四项都

有“使变大”的意思,但D项mulliply"(使加倍)增大,不与iherole搭配,A项

exaggerate”夸大,夸张”和C项magnify”放大,扩大"都表示“实际大小没变而夸大

或便看起来大B项augm2ni表示,,扩大;增加(某事的价值,数量,效果等),符

合文意,原文意为“增强私人养老金在系统中的作用”。

15、[C15]

A、insufficient

B、influential

C、inefficient

D^intrinsic

标准答案:A

知识点解析:通过上下文选择形容词。空格所在句子的主干结构是simplyaiming

to...ortryingto...maybe,因此填入的形容词是说明“为了减小养老金压力

而采取的这些行动”的特点。由插入语thoughnecessarystep(虽然是必需的步骤)推

出所填词应与necessary含义相反,可排除influential”有很大影响的”和intrinsic”固

有的,内在的,本身的“;由simply一词及上下文语义可知空格处的含义应该是

“(仅仅这样做)是不够的“,只有A项insufficient符合文意。

16、[C16]

A、advancing

B、previous

C、ahead

D、preceding

标准答案:A

知识点解析:形容词词义辨析。本题要求填入一个形容词修饰earlyretirement或

earlyretirementscherueso从语义看,A项advancing”提前的,超前修饰early

retirement意为“提前退休”,即比正常的退休年龄要早;B项previous”在前的,早

先的”修饰schemes,意为“之前的早退休计划”,与前面的after语义重复:C项

ahead"在前,提前“要放在所修饰的名词之后,如Hekepthisgazefixedonthecar

ahead(他眼睛,直盯着前面的车);D项preceding“在前血,前述的”指在所提到的

之前,或前文,也不符合文意。因此,A项为正确答案。

17、[C17]

A、suspensions

B、abundances

C、redundancies

D、discrepancies

标准答案:C

知识点解析:名词辨析。空格处填入的名词与higherunemployment并列作avoid的

宾语,说明“前些年的提前退休方案是为了避免……和高失业率”。本题的关键是辨

析词义。C项redundancies可指“因劳动力过剩而造成的裁员,解雇”,与

unemploymenl属同一范畴,符合文意。A项suspensions”暂停,中止”,B项

abundances”丰富,充裕“,D项discrepancies”差异,矛盾”都不符合文章.

18、[C18]

A、for

B、to

C、about

D、at

标准答案:D

知识点解析:固定短语辨析。备选项的介词都可与look搭配构成动词短语:look

for”寻找,寻求";lookto”朝...看;指望,依赖“;lookabout“环视,(事先)审时

度势”;lookal”研究考虑”。由短语的意义可知D项符合义意,原文的意思是“前些

年为了避免裁员及高失业率政府采取提前退休的方案,而现在许多政府正考虑劝说

人们晚退休,

19、[C19]

A^turbulent

B、strenuous

C^compact

D、intricate

标准答案:B

知识点解析:形容词辨析。空格处填入的形容词在句子中做表语,说明“现在的工

作在生理上(physically)不如以前...由上文Surely,thethinkinggoes可知空格

所在句了是上句“政府考虑说服人们晚退休”的理由。A项luibulsL(海、气候等)

狂暴的;(时代)动荡不安的”一般不与job搭配;而C项8mpact“紧密的,密集

的;(身体)紧绷绷的“和D项intricate”错综复杂的,难以理解的''一般不用于从生理

上说明工作的性质。只有B项strenuous”(工作等)需要极端努力的,费劲的”,既能

从生理上说明job的性质,又可解释原因。

20、[C20]

A、dependency

B、fertility

C、present

D、mortality

标准答案:C

知识点解析:上下文语义及名词词义辨析。填入的名词与rate搭配。空格所在部分

是上文if条件句的结果。该句意为:他们是这么想的,如果现在我们更加健康

了,工作对体力的要求降低了,失业率也降低了,那么……率也许该重新上升了。

整个句子所得出的结论应与前一句一致。前一句说人们应该晚退休,那么这样……

率会上升呢?从备选项看只有presentrate"出席率''符合文意,即工作的人的比例会

上升。注意该部分是在讲怎样降低dependencyrate“依赖率”,所以它不可能上升,

fertilityrate“出生率”和mortalityrate"死亡率呜本句前半部分没有因果关系。

二、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共25题,每题1.0

分,共25分。)

Itiseasiertonegotiateinitialsalaryrequirementbecauseonceyouareinside,the

organizationalconstraintsinfluencewageincreases.Onething,however,iscertain;your

chancesofgettingtheraiseyoufeelyoudeservearelessifyoudon'tatleastaskforit.

Mentendtoaskfbrmore,andtheygetmore,andthisholds(ruewithotherresources,not

justpayincreases.ConsiderBeth'sstory:IdidnotgetwhatIwantedwhenIdidnotask

forit.Wehadcubicle(小隔间)officesandwindowoffices.Isatinthecubicleswith

severalmalecolleagues.Onebyonetheyweremovedintowindowoffices,whileI

remainedinthecubicles.Severalmaleswhowerehiredaftermealsowenttooffices.

Oneinparticulartoldmehewasnextinlineforanofficeandthatithadbeenpartofhis

negotiationsforthejob.IguesstheythoughtmecontenttostayinthecubiclessinceIdid

notvoicemyopinioneitherway.Itwouldbeniceifweallreceivedautomaticpay

increasesequaltoourmerit,but"nice"isn'taqualityattributedtomostorganizations.If

youfee)youdeserveasignificantraiseinpay,you'11probablyhavetoaskforit.

Performanceisyourbestbargainingchipwhenyouareseekingaraise.Youmustbeable

todemonstratethatyoudeservearaise.Timingisalsoagoodbargainingchip.Ifyoucan

giveyourbosssomethingheorsheneeds(anewclientorasizablecontract,for

example)]ustbeforemeritpaydecisionsarcbeingmade,youarcmorelikelytogetthe

raiseyouwant.Useinformationasabargainingchiptoo.Findoutwhatyouareworthon

theopenmarket.Whatwillsomeoneelsepaytoryourservices?Gointothenegotiations

preparedtoplaceyourchipsonthetableattheappropriatetimeandpreparedtouse

communicationstyletoguidethedirectionoftheinteraction.

21、Accordingtothepassage,beforetakingajob,apersonshould.

A、demonstratehiscapability

B、givehisbossagoodimpression

C、askforasmuchmoneyashecan

D、askforthesalaryhehopesioget

标准答案:D

知识点解析:细节题。文章开篇指出,在进公司前商议工资要容易些,因为一旦进

入公司,公司的•些约束机制就会影响到以后的加薪。由此推知,应在接受份工

作之前就为自己争取到期望的薪水,故D项为正确答案。

22、WhatcanbeinferredfromBeth'sstory?

A、Prejudiceagainstwomenstillexistsinsomeorganizations.

B、Ifpeoplewarnwhattheydeserve,theyhavetoaskforit.

C、Peopleshouldnotbecon:entwithwhattheyhavegot.

D、Peopleshouldbecarefulwhennegotiatingforajob.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:推理题。作者列举Beth的故事是为了论证首段的论点:yourchances

ofgettingtheraise...arelessifyoudon'tatleastaskfbrit?第三段支持论点[第

二段首句也是用事实来论证论点。综上可推出B项为正确答案。

23、Wecanlearnfromthepassage(hat.

A^unfairnessexistsinsalaryincreases

B、mostpeopleareoverworkedandunderpaid

C、oneshouldavoidoverstatingone,sperformance

D、mostorganizationsgivetheirstaffautomaticpayraises

标准答案:A

知识点解析:推理题。根据上题的解题依据可知,自己不主动争取,加薪的可能性

微乎其微。Itwouldbeniceif...,but^nice^isn^aqualityattributedtomost

organizations则表明,“根据员工业绩主动涨工资”这种“美事”并不是大多数企业所

具备的,这实际上暗示r目前的薪金制度中仍然存在着不公平现象,故A项为正

确答案。

24、Togetapayraise,apersonshould.

A^advertisehimselfonthejobmarket

B、persuadehisbosstosignalong-termcontract

C^trytogelinsideinformationaboutIheorganization

dosomethingtoimpresshisbossjustbeforemeritpaydecisions

标准答案:D

知识点解析:细节题。第三、五段列举了三大加薪筹码,抓住时机(liming)是其中

之一,D项就是对timing的具体阐述,故为正确答案。dosomethingtoimpresshis

buss对应文中的cangiveyouibosssuiiiclhinglieuisheneedso

25、Tobesuccessfulinnegotiations,onemust.

A、meethisbossaltheappropriatetime

B、arriveatthenegotiationtabicpunctually

C、begoodatinfluencingtheoutcomeoftheinteraction

D^befamiliarwithwhatthebosslikesanddislikes

标准答案:C

知识点解析:细节题。根据题干中的tobesuccessfulinnegotiations定位到最后一

段。该段指出想要谈判成功要做的两件事情:placeyourchipsonthetableatthe

appropriatetime*口usecommunicationstyletoguidethedirectionoftheinteraction,C

项对应于第二点,故为正确答案。

Somehousesarcdesignedtobesmart.Othershavesmartdesigns.Anexampleofthe

secondtypeofhousewonanAwardofExcellencefromtheAmericanInstituteof

Architects.LocatedontheshoreofSullivan'sIslandoffthecoastofSouthCarolina,the

award-winningcube-shapedbeachhousewasbuilttoreplaceonesmashedtopiecesby

HurricaneHugo10yearsago.InSeptember1989,HugostruckSouthCarolina,killing18

peopleanddamagingordestroying36000homesinthestate.BeforeHugo,manynew

housesbuiltalongSouthCarolina'sshorelinewerepoorlyconstructed,andenforcement

ofbuildingcodeswasn'tstrict,accordingtoarchitectRayHuff,whocreatedthe

cleverly-designedheachhouse.InHugo'swake,allnewshorelinehousesarerequiredto

meetstricter,better-enforcedcodes.ThenewbeachhouseonSullivan'sIslandshouldbe

abletowithstandaCategory3hurricanewithpeakwindsof179(o209kilometersper

hour.Atfirstsight,thehouseonSullivan'sIslandlooksanythingbuthurricane-proof.Its

redwoodshellmakesitresemble"alargepartylantern"atnight,accordingtoone

observer.Butlookscanbedeceiving.Thehouse'swoodenframeisreinforcedwithlong

steelrodstogiveitextrastrength.Tofurtherprotectthehousefromhurricanedamage.

Huffraisedit2.7metersoffthegroundontimberpilings—long,slendercolumnsof

woodanchoreddeepinthesand.Pilingsmightappearinsecure,buttheyarestrong

enoughtosupporttheweightofthehouse.Theyalsoelevatethehouseabovestorm

surges.Thepilingsallowthesurgestorununderthehouseinsteadofrunningintoit.

"Theseswellsofwatercomeashoreattremendousspeedsandcausemostofthedamage

donetobeachfrontbuildings."saidHuff.Huffdesigned(hetimberpilingstobepartially

concealedbythehouse'sgroundtoroofshell."Theshellmasksthepilingssothatthe

housedoesn'tlooklikeit'sstandingwithitspantlegspulledup."saidHuff.Intheevent

ofastormsurge,theshellshouldbreakapartandletthewavesrushunderthehouse,the

architectexplained.

26>After(hetragedycausedbyHurricaneHugo,newhousesbuiltalongSouth

Carolina5sshorelinearerequired.

A、tobeeasilyreinforced

B、(olooksmarterindesign

C、tomeetstricterbuildingstandards

D、tobedesignedintheshapeofcubes

标准答案:C

知识点解析:细节题。根捱题干中AfterthetragedycausedbyHurricaneHugo定位

至lj第三段第二句:InHugo'swake,allnewshorelinehousesarerequiredtomeet

stricter,belter-enforcedcodes(飓风“雨果”过后,所有滨海新建房屋的建设都要求

遵循更严格的、更有力的法规)。由此可确定C项为正确答案,C项中的standards

对应文中的codes。

27、Theaward-winningbeachhouseisquitestrongbecause.

A^itisstrengthenedbysteelrods

itismadeofredwood

C、itisintheshapeofashell

D、itisbuiltwithtimberandconcrete

标准答案:A

知识点解析:细节题。本题的答题依据在第四段末句:Taehouse'swoodenframeis

reinforcedwithlongsteelrodstogiveitextrastrength(这所房子的木质框架都用长钢筋

加固,使其增加r承受力)。由此可确定A项为正确答案,A项中的isstrengthened

by对应文中的isreinforcedwith以及togiveitextrastrength(,

28、Huffraisedthehouse2.7metersoffthegroundontimberpilingsinorderto.

A、withstandpeakwindsofabout200km/hr

B、anchorstrongerpilingsdeepinthesand

C、breakhugeseawavesintosmallerones

D^preventwalerfromrushingintothehouse

标准答案:D

知识点解析:细节题。本题的答题依据在第五段第四句:Thepilingsallowthe

surgestorununderthehouseinsteadofrunningintoit(这些木桩使得潮水从房子底卜流

过而不是冲到房中)。由此可确定D项为正确答案。

29、Themainfunctionoftheshellis.

A、tostrengthenthepilingsofthehouse

B、togivethehouseabetterappearance

C、toprotectthewoodenframeofthehouse

D^toslowdownthespeedoftheswellingwater

标准答案:B

知识点解析:细节题。本题的答题依据在最后一段第二句:Theshellmasksthe

pilingssothatthehousedoesn'tlikeitspantlegspulledup(外壳遮住了木桩,这样房子

看起来就不像是挽着裤管站着似的)。由此可确定B项为王确答案。

30、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheshellshouldbe.

A、fancy-looking

B、waterproof

C、easilybreakable

D、extremelystrong

标准答案:C

知识点解析:推理题。本题的答题依据在文章末句:Intheeventofastormsurge,

theshellshouldbreakapartandletthewavesrushunderthehouse(当暴风巨浪冲来时,

这个外壳会裂开,以使海浪从房子底下冲过)。由此可推断,外壳很容易裂开,C

项为正确答案。

Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedSlateshas

beencreepingupwardforyears.Al12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsince

(hemid-1920s.Wearenotabout(ogobackto(hedayswhenCongressopenlyworried

aboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica'sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewondering

whetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsonofnewcomers.Theirloudestcriticsargue

thatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinasprevious

generationsdid.Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,

Romaniansandmembersofetherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericans

andcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthis

magnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethe

samesuccess.AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsof

educationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparents,UCLAsociologistEdward

Telleshasfoundthatthegainsdon'tcontinue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationismarginally

worseoffthanthethird.JamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfounda

similartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants,TellesfearsthatMexican-Americans

maybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthe

communitymaybecomemired(陷入)inaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyand

underachievenieni.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasingly

relegatedto(降入)segregated(隔离),substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthe

highestforanyethnicgroupin(hecountry.Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishidea

ofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiorily.Butwhatwehave

notyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.Iamnot

talkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethings

happenprettymuchontheirown.Butasargumentsaboutimmigrationheatupthe

campaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionsaboutassimilation(同化),

abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don1(foreverremainmarginalized

withintheseshores.Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwith

undocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnot

onlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpact

onourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwaveof

would-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

31、HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?

A、Theywereofinferiorraces.

B、Theywereasourceofpoliticalcorruption.

C、Theywereathreattothenation?ssecurity.

D^Theywerepartofthenation'sbloodstream.

标准答案:A

知识/解析:细节题。第二段首句提到,我们不打算回到国会认为劣等民族会污染

美国血统的H子。结合首段首句的immigrants可知,这句话中的inferiorraces指的

正是移民,由此可知,以前国会认为移民是劣等民族,故A项为正确答案。

32、Whatdoestheauthorthinkof(henewimmigrants?

A、Theywillbeadynamicv/orkforceintheU.S.

B、Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

C、Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

D、Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:细节题。第三段第二句提到,意大利人、罗马尼亚人以及其他所谓的

劣等民族的人最后成为了美国人中的典范.第1句提到,没有理由不相信这些新移

民也能取得这样的成功。由第三句的双重否定可知,作者认为新移民也能和他们的

前辈一样成功,故B项为正确答案。

33、WhatdoesEdwardTelles'researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

A、Theymayslowlyimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.

B、Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.

C、TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.

D^Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.

标准答案:D

知识点解析:细节题。第匹段第四句提到,大部分美国黑人都深陷无望的贫困中,

一事无成,Telles担心美籍墨西哥人可能也要步美国黑人的后尘。D项中的may

foreverremainpoorandunderachieving是对原文中的aseeminglypermanentstaleof

povertyandunderachievement的同义转述,故D项为正确答案。

34、Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

A、Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.

B、UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.

C、Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.

D^Teach(hemstandardAmericanEnglish.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:推理题。倒数笫二段笫二句提到,我们不知道如何使美国化的过程对

所有人行之有效。笫四句提到,我们应该问些更广泛的专犬“同化”的问题,即如何

保证这些过去的局外人不会在这个国家永远处于边缘地位。由此可推断出,作者认

为应思考并寻找方法,避免移民边缘化,故C项为正确答案。

35、Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningiir.migrationis.

A、howtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocuments

B、howtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety

CNhowtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingtheborder

howtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:主旨题。本题的答题依据在末段。该段首句提到,这(That)是一个更

重要的问题。That出现在末段首句,是指示代词,指的是上段末作者提到的some

broaderquestionsaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,once

outsiders»don'tforeverremainmarginalizedvvithintheseshoreso题干中的burning

issue对应原文的broaderquestions和muchlargerquestion<B项的内容是对howto

ensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don'tforeverremainmarginalizedwithinthese

shores的同义转述,故为正确答案。

Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthis

patcrnal(fathcrly)wisdom—oratleastconfirmthathe*sthekid'sdad.Allheneedsto

doistoshellout$30forpaternitytestingkit(PTK)athislocaldrugstore—andanother

$120togettheresults.Morethan60000peoplehavepurchasedthePl'Kssincetheyfirst

becomeavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyear,accordingtoDougFogg,chief

operatingofficerofIdentigene,whichmakestheover-the-counter"(无需处方的)kits.

MorethantwodozencompaniessellDNAtestsdirectlytothepublic,ranginginprice

fromafewhundreddollarstomorethan$2500.Amongthemostpopular;paternityand

kinship(亲属关系)testing,whichadoptedchildrencanusetofindtheirbiological

relativesandfamiliescanusetotrackdownkidsputupforadoption.DNAtestingisalso

(helatestrageamongpassionategenealogists(系谱学者)一andsupportsbusinessesthat

offertosearchforafamily'sgeographicroots.Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsby

swabbingsaliva(唾液)inthemouthandsendingittothecompanyfortesting.Alltests

requireapotentialcandidatewithwhomtocompareDNA.Butsomeobserversare

skeptical."There'sakindoffalseprecisionbeinghawkedbypeopleclaimingtheyare

doingancestrytesting,"saysTroyDuster,aNewYorkUniversitysociologist.Henotes

thateachindividualhasmanyancestors—numberinginthehundredsjustafew

centuriesback.Yetmostancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,cithertheY

chromosome(染色体)inheritedthroughmeninafather'slineormilochondrial(线粒体

的)DNA,whichispasseddownonlyfrommothers.ThisDNAcanrevealgenetic

informationaboutonlyoneortwoancestors,eventhough,forexample,justthree

generationsbackpeoplealsohavesixothergreat-grandparentsor,fourgenerationsback,

14othergreat-great-grandparenls.Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingis

onlyasgoodasthereferencecollectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesused

bysomecompaniesdon'trelyondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlumptogether

informationfromdifferentresearchprojects.ThismeansthataDNAdatabasemayhave

alotofdatafromsomeregionsandnotothers,soaperson'stestresultsmaydiffer

dependingonthecompanythatprocessestheresults.Inaddition,thecomputerprograms

acompanyusestoestimaterelationshipsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerreview

oroutsideevaluation.

36、Inparagraphs1and2,thetextshowsPTK's.

A、easyavailability

B、flexibilityinpricing

C、successfulpromotion

D、popularitywithhouseholds

标准答案:A

知识点解析:细节题.第一段第二句指出,花少量的钱就能从当地的药店买到

PTK;第二段笫一句指出,PTK无需处方就可以直接买到,接着第二句又指出,

些公司直接向公众推出DNA测试业务。可见,PTK比较容易获得,故A项为正确

答案。

37、PTKisusedto.

A、locateone'sbirthplace

B、promotegeneticresearch

C、identifyparent-childkinship

D^choosechildrenforadoption

标准答案:C

知识,解晶细节题。文章第•段提到PTK被男人用来确认自己是孩子的父亲

(confirmthathe'sthekid'sdad),第三段又提到PTK可以帮助被收养的儿童找到和

自己有血缘关系的亲属,也可以帮助家庭找回被人抚养的孩子,由此可以确定C

项为正确答案。

38、Skepticalobserversbelievethatancestrytestingfailsto.

A、tracedistantancestors

B、rebuildreliablebloodlines

C、fullyusegeneticinformation

D^achieve(heclaimedaccuracy

标准答案:D

知识点解析:细节题。根据题干中的sk叩ticalobservers定位到第五段。作者引用

社会学家TroyDuster的话说明评论家为何对基因测试持有怀疑态度:Thereisa

kindoffalseprecisionbcinghawkcdbypeopleclaimingtheyarcdoingancestry

lesling(那些宣称做血统测试的人夸大了测试的准确性),false对应题干中的fails

to,precision对应D项中的accuracy,故D项为正确答案。

39Inthelastparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfacesis.

A、disorganizeddatacollection

B、overlappingdatabasebuilding

C、excessivesamplecomparison

D、lackofpatentevaluation

标准答案:A

知识点解析:细节题。本题的答题依据为最后一段第二句。该句指出“某些公司使

用的DNA数据库不是靠系统地收集到的数据而建成,而是把从不同的研究项目中

取得的数据勉强堆砌在一起“,由此可以确定A项为正确答案.

40、Anappropriatetitlefbrthetextismostlikelytobe.

A、ForsandAgainstsofDNATesting

B、DNATestingandItsProblems

C、DNATestingOutsidetheLab

D、LiesBehindDNATesting

标准答案:B

知识点解析:主旨题。文章前四段对DNA技术的测试方法和测试目的以及它如何

变得流行起来作了说明,后两段从。bservers和critics的观点出发,说明「DNA测

试存在的问题。可见,B项较全面地概括了文章涉及的主要内容,为正确答案。

Large,multinationalcorporationsmayhethecompanieswhoseupsanddownsseize

headlines.ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy'svitality

dependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesand

factories.Smallbusinesses,definedasthosewithfewerthan100workers,nowemploy

60percentoftheworkforceandexpectedtogeneratehalfofallnewjobsbetweennow

andtheyear2000.Some1.2mil

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