考研英语（一）模拟试卷156

考研英语（一）模拟试卷156

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Foodandoxygenpasseasilyfrommothertofctus(anunbornbaby).Nowitseemsthat

fleetingsadnessorhappinessisalso[Bl]toanunbornbaby.Stressor

depressioninpregnancycan[B2]afetus,butlessisknownaboutthe[B3]

oftransientemotions.To[B4],KazuyukiShinoharaandcolleaguesat

NagasakiUniversityinJapanshowed10pregnantvolunteersacheery5-minuteclipfrom

themusicalTheSoundofMusic.Another14watchedatear-jerking5minutesfromThe

Champ.Eachclipwassandwichedbetweentwo"neutral"samples[B5]the

teamcould[B6]anychangesinfetalmovementsagainstabaseline.Thewomen

listenedlothefilmsthroughheadphonesto[B7]thatonlytheeffectofIheir

[B8],notthesounds,werebeingmeasured.'Fetusescanhearbythelastthree

months,HsaysShinohara.Theteam[B9]thenumberofarm,legandwhole

bodymovements[BIO]ultrasoundandfoundthatduringthehappyfilmclipthe

fetusesmovedtheirarms[Bl1]morethanwhenthepregnantwomenwatcheda

neutralclip.[BI2],thefetusesofsadwomenmovedtheirarmsless.What

makesthe[B13]ofhappymotherswaveisn'tclear.[B14],such

movementisa(n)[B15]ofaworkingnervousandmotorsystem,says

AlexanderHeazellattheUniversityofManchester,UK.Hesaysthestudyoffersus

insightsintohow[B16]inlluencesaffectfetuses.Shinoharasuggeststhat

sadness[B17]moreofthe"fightorflight"hormone,whichredirectsblood

awayfromtheuterus.Thefetusdivertsthereducedblood[B18]toitsbrainand

heartandawayfromitslimbs.[B19]it'stooearlylousethestudyto[B20]

women.

1、[Bl]

ANtransacted

B、transmitted

C、interpreted

D、imposed

标准答案：B

知识点解析：上下文语义及动词辨析题。先看第一句话：食物和氧气很容易通过母

亲传输给胎儿。而空格所在句了是承接第句话说的，also是关键。推测空格处需

耍一个与pass意思相近的动词，表示悲伤和快乐也能传递给未出生的婴儿。因此

B项“传递，传输”符合题意。

2、[B2]

A、harm

provide

C、assist

D、generate

标准答案：A

知识点解析：上下文语义及动词辨析题。上一句话提到：悲伤和快乐也能传递给未

出生的婴儿。根据这句话的意思，并联系我们的常识可知，怀孕期间的压力或抑郁

对胎儿有害。因此，A项“伤害，损害”符合题意。

3、[B3]

A、profits

advantages

C、utilities

D、effects

标准答案：D

知识点解析：上卜文语义及名词辨析题。空格所在句子的前半部分说，母亲在怀孕

期间的压力或抑郁会给胎儿带来伤害。后半部分意为，但对这种短暂情绪所产生的

-这方面了解甚少。前半部分说的“伤害”其实是对胎儿的一种影响，而且此处的

cffccis和第二段首句的effect也呼应。因此.D项“影响，效果''符合题意。

4、[B4]

A、certificate

B、investigate

C、advertise

D、experience

标准答案：B

知识点解析：上下文语义及动词辨析题。上一句讲到对短暂情绪产生的影响了解其

少.而空格之后的内容在说一个实验，实验的1=1的是为了调查c因此选R项C

5、[B5]

A、inthat

asif

C、evenif

D、sothat

标准答案：D

知识点解析：逻辑语义题。空格所在句子的前半部分意为：每个剪辑都安排在两个

“中性”剪辑之间。而后半部分讲了这样做的目的，因此，空格处要填人表示目的的

短语。选D项“以便”。

6、[B6]

A、calculate

prevent

C、measure

D^counter

标准答案：C

知识点解析：上下文语义及动词辨析题。空格所缺动词的宾语是anychangesin

fbtalmovements“胎儿运动所有的变化”。而“变化”必须要测量才可以知道。因此，

C项“测量”符合题意。

7、[B7]

A^ensure

B>confirm

C、realize

D^witness

标准答案：A

知识点解析：上下文语义及动词辨析题。空格前的1。...是目的状语，表明看

电影时戴耳机的目的。that引导宾语从句，结合从句的内容及四个选项的含义,判

断这里填人A项“确保”恰当。

8、[B8]

A、movements

B、emotions

C、hearings

D、boundaries

标准答案：B

知识点解析：上下文语义及名词辨析题。这篇文章讲的就是孕妇的情绪对胎儿运动

的影响。上一句话说，测量胎儿的运动变化。那么，空格所在句子就应该保证这些

变化都是由孕妇情绪造成的，而不是其他因素。由此可以判断，B项“情绪”符合题

意。

9、[B9]

A、demonstrated

B、indicated

C^counted

D、broadcasted

标准答案：C

知识点解析：上下文语义及动词辨析题。空格所缺动词的宾语是number（数量）。数

量要“数”才知道。因此，C为正确答案。

10、[B10]

A、like

B、as

C、on

D^via

标准答案：D

知识点解析：逻辑语义题。空格前面的部分意思是，小组计算胎儿手臂、腿和整个

身体运动的次数。空格后是超声波。可以判定，超声波是用来计算胎儿运动的工具

或方式。因此，空格处所缺介词应该表示方式或工具，D项“通过”符合题意。

11、[B11]

A、magnificently

B、significantly

C^ordinarily

D、generally

标准答案：B

知识点解析：上下文语义及副词辨析题。空格缺的是程度副词，用来修饰mo优，

只有B项“重大地，可观地”在意思上符合句意，为正确答案。

12、[B12]

A、Meanwhile

B、Thereby

C、Moreover

D、Hence

标准答案：A

知识点解析：逻辑语义题。空格前的一句意为：看愉快的电影剪辑时，胎儿手臂运

动比看中性剪辑时的动作要多得多。空格所在句子意为：看伤感电影剪辑的妇女，

其胎儿手臂运动要少。很明显二者之间是对比的关系。因此，A项符合题意，此处

意为“（与此）同时“，用于比较同时发生的两件事。

13、[B13]

A、bodies

B、limbs

C>heads

D、fetuses

标准答案：D

知识点解析：逻辑语义题。整篇文章都在讲孕妇情绪对胎儿运动的影响。故此处空

格应填入表示“胚胎，胎儿”等意义的词。D项符合题意。

14、[B14]

A、Onthecontrary

B、Inotherwords

C、However

D、Otherwise

标准答案：C

知识点解析：逻辑语义题。前一句话意为，快乐妈妈腹中胎儿手臂为何挥动的原因

还不清楚。空格所在句意为，这样的动作……胎儿的神经和运动系统正在工作。也

就是说，虽然不知原因，却知道这种运动说明了什么问题。两个句子是转折的关

系，C项符合题意。

15、[B15]

A、outcome

B、protection

C、indicator

D、favour

标准答案：C

知识点解析：上下文语义及名词辨析题。准确地做出此题，要注意of后面的部

分，这些部分是对空格所缺的名词的解释。这句话的意思是说，这些动作是胎儿的

各项系统在工作的一个——o四个选项只有C项“指标”带人句中通顺。

16、[B16]

A、tremendous

external

C、interior

D、faint

标准答案：B

知识点解析：逻辑语义题。空格所在句的意思是“这项研究可以帮助我们更好地了

解——因素对胎儿的影响”，从实验的内容来看：通过看不同的电影研究胎儿的运

动。而“看不同电影”应归属于外界因素对胎儿的影响，故选B项“外部的”。

17>[BI7]

A、assimilates

B、releases

C、enhances

D、diminishes

标准答案：B

知识点解析：上下文语义及动词辨析题。空格所缺动词的宾语是hormone”荷尔

蒙”。搭配应该是“释放荷尔蒙”，或者“放出荷尔蒙”，因此，B项“释放”符合题意。

18、[B18]

A、demand

B、circulation

C^assignment

D、supply

标准答案：D

知识点解析♦：上下文语义及名词辨析题。空格处说，胎儿将减少的血液——从手臂

引至大脑和心脏。而前一句话谈到，血液离开母亲子宫。因此，这里减少的是血液

的供给，选D项”供给，供应”。

19、[BI9]

A^Furthermore

B、So

C、Even

D、But

标准答案：D

知识点解析：逻辑语义题。空格前的文字一直在研究孕妇的不同情绪对胎儿运动的

影响。空格所在句子意为，利用这个研究还太早了。可以看出，这里有转折的关

系。因此，D项符合句子逻辑。

20、[B20]

A^advise

B、distract

C、amuse

D、ridicule

标准答案：A

知识点解析：上下文语义及动词辨析题。根据前文所讲的研究可以知道，这项研究

或许可以用来建议或指导孕妇。而这句话是转折，意为给妇女如此的建议还过早。

囚此，A项符合句意。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分，共20分。）

Itisonlynaturalforleaderstotrytomakethemostoftheirstrengths.Thetheoryof

comparativeadvantagedirectspeople,aswellascountriesandfirms,tofocusonwhat

theyarcgoodat.Managementexpertshavetendedtoconcur:oneofthebestselling

businessbooksofrecentyearsiscalledNowDiscoverYourStrengths.Whenbusiness

schools（andindeedbusinesscolumnists）profilebosses,theyoftenassumethatmoreis

better.Buiisthisright?Threerecentbooksexpresssomedoubts.InFearYourStrengths,

RobertKaplanandRobertKaiserargue,"whatyouarebestatcouldbeyourbiggest

problem."Forcefulnesscanbecomebullying;decisivenesscanturnintopigheadedness;

nicenesscandevelopintoindecision.InFromSmarttoWise,PrasadKaipaandNavi

Radjouarguethatthestrengthsthattoday'sleadersarcmostlikelytooverusearewhat

Americanscalled"smarts"—thesortofskillsmanagerspickupstudyingatbusiness

schoolorworkinginconsultancies.InTippingSacredCows,JakeBreedengoesfurther,

arguingthatmanyso-calledmanagementvirtuesarejustaslikelytobevicesindisguise.

Thesethreebooksareallvaluableexercisesiniconoclasm—deliberatedestructionof

icons.Buithetroublewithiconoclasmwhenyouapplyirio（heanalysisofleadershipis

thatyoucangoonforever.Manysuccessfulleadersaresuccessfulpreciselybecausethey

pushtheirstrengthstothelimit.RichardBransonhasturnedVirginintoaglobalbrandby

relentlesslyexploitinghistwobiggeststrengths:hisabilitytotakeon"bigbadwolves"

firmsthatareoverchargingandunderservingthepublic——andhistalentforinfusing

Virginwithacounter-culturalpersonality.Leadershipskillsarecontext-dependent.

MargaretThatcherwasundoubtedlyanightmaretoworkfor.In1981herclosestadvisers

weresoangrywithherthattheyproducedamemothatcriticizedherforbreaking“every

ruleofgoodman-management",includingbullyingherweakercomrades,criticizingher

colleaguesinfrontofofficialsandrefusingtogivepraiseorcredit.Itwarnedherthatshe

was"likelytobecomeanotherfailedToryprimeministersittingwithEdwardHeath".

ButherabrasivestylewasexactlywhatBritainneededinthe1980s.Thewordthatistoo

oftenmissingfromleadershipstudiesis"judgment'1.Everybodyinvolvedinthebusiness

isdesperatetoappearscientific:academicsbecausetheywanttogetresearchgrantsand

consultantsbecausetheywanttoprovethattheyaresellingsomethingmorethanjust

instinct.Butjudgmentiswhatmattersmost,anditishardtomeasure.Ittakesjudgment

toresistgettingcaniedawaywithonequality(suchas(lecisiveness)oronemeasureof

success(suchastheshareprice).Ittakesjudgmenttoknowwhentomodulateyour

virtuesandwhentopulloutallthestops.Unfortunatelyjudgmentisinrathershorter

supplythanleadershipversatilityindices.

21、Theword"concur"(Line3,Para.I)mostprobablymeans

A、coincide.

agree.

C、doubt.

D、object.

标准答案：R

知识点解析：第一段第1句指出领导者会设法最大限度地发挥自己的优势，第2句

进一步解释比较优势理论引导人们注重自己的优势，第3句以畅销书为例提出管理

专家们的意见，之后的书名《现在发现你的优势》表明专家的意见最可能是肯定赞

成之前的观点。题干问的是concur最可.能表示的意思，因此，B项为正确答案。

22、AccordingtoJakeBreeden,

A、Americanstendtooverusetheirstrengths.

B、thereexistnosuchthingsasmanagementvirtues.

C、managementvirtuesandvicesareinterchangeable.

D>managementvirtuesshouldbecloselyexamined.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：题干问的是Breeden的观点，与第二段最后一句相对应。该句指出在

《打倒圣牛》一书中，布雷登更深入发展了之前的观点，指出那些美其名曰的“管

理者优点”恰恰可能是伪装成优点的缺点，由此可以推断出优点和伪装成优点的缺

点之间很难辨别，我们需要认真辨别优点和缺点。

23、ThestoryofRichardBransonshowsthat

A、therearemanysuccessfulleaderslikeBranson.

B、iconoclasmisnotapplicabletosuccessfulleaders.

C>strengthshavecontributedtomanyleaders,success.

D、Virgin'ssuccessismainlyattributedtohisstrengths.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：RichardBranson的案例出现在文章第三段，文章第3句指出许多领导

者成功的原因恰恰就是因为他们将他们的优势发挥到了极致，接下来文章利用

Branson的案例来进一步说明Branson的成功在于他把自己的两大优势发挥到了极

致。因此，Branson的故事恰好证明了上一句的观点，因此，选项C为最佳答案。

24、Inheradvisers'eyes,MargaretThatcherwas

A、anightmare.

B、apoorleader.

C、afailure.

D、asavior.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：MargaretThatcher出现在文章第四段，文中第2句指出与撒切尔共事

是一个噩梦，第3句具体说明了她的亲密顾问们如何批评她不具备优秀领导者的技

能。因此，在她的顾问眼中，玛格丽特・撒切尔是一个很差的领导者，B项正确。

25、Itisindicatedinthelastparagraphthat

A^leadershipstudiesshouldfocusmoreonjudgment.

B、businesspeople,leadersinparticular,areversatile.

C、strengthscanturnintoweaknesssometimes.

DNjudgmentisthemostcrucialmeasureofleadership.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：最后一段第1句为主题句，明确指出在领导力研究中，我们总是忽视

了“判断力”，进一步说明判断力才是最关键的，可以防止人们忘乎所以，帮助人们

审时度势。因此，从最后一段我们可以推断出领导力研究应当更加重视对判断力的

研究，A项为最佳答案,

Threemakesatrend.TheWashingtonPostCo.Fridayannouncedthatitwouldlookto

sellitsiconicheadquartersbuildingindowntownWashington,D.C.InJanuary,the

DetroitFreePressand1heDetroitNewsannouncedtheywouldputuptorsaletheir

headquarters.Thesamemonth,FrankGannettsaiditwillsellthebuildingthathousesthe

Rochester,N.Y.,Democrat&Chronicle.ThebuildingwastheplacewhereGannett

startedandbuilthisvastnewspaperempire.It'snosecretthatnewspapersareincrisis.

Advertisingrevenueshavefallenbyhalfinthepastdecadeandarebacktowherethey

werein1983;circulationrevenuesarebacktowheretheywerein1996.Thedigital

numbersarerising,butnotnearlyfastenough.Printmediaishamperedbyhighfixed

costsincurredintheprc-digitalera-pensionsandunioncontracts,equipmentlike

printingpresses,largenumbersofemployees,andbigofficebuildings.Virtuallyevery

newspapercompanyhasengagedindrasticmeasures一layingoffexperienced

employees,eliminatingsections,cuttingbackprintingfromdailytoafewdaysperweek.

Thoseeffortsareallmeanttolowerday-to-dayoperatingcosts.Butwe'vealsoseen

newspapercompaniesseekonetimeinjectionsofcashbysellingoffnon-coreassets.

Increasingly,theheadquartersbuilding-typicallylocatedrightinthemiddleoftown—is

fallingintothenon-corcassetcategory.Traditionalistsmayfindthesesalesandthe

continuedshrinkingofnewspapers'real-estatefootprintstobedepressing.Butit's

actuallyapositivedevelopment.Callitcreativedestruction,oradaptivereuse.Incities

aroundthecountry,investorsarcfindingbetterusesforproperties.InlowerManhattan,

ClassBofficebuildingsthatusedtohousefinancialfirmshavebeenconvertedinto

expensivecondos."It'sagreatthing,becauseitdrivesmoretaxrevenuetothecities.And

itgivesthesuburbsarunforthemoney,HsaidJonathanMiller,presidentofappraisal

companyMillerSamuel.InD.C,theWashingtonPostwilllikelyfetchanexcellentprice

foritsheadquartersbecauseWashingtonisaboomtown.ThroughoutD.C,investorsare

plowingcashintohousing,office,andretaildevelopments.Thebuildingthathousedthe

organizationthatexposedtheWatergatescandalmaybecomethenextWatergate

complex.Ofcourse,progressinevitablydisplacesthepriortenants.Ifslikelythenew

homesthatwillbeoccupiedbynewspapermenandnewspaperwomeninWashington,

Rochester,andDetroitwillbelessgrand,lesscentral,andlesshistoricthantheircurrent

homes.Andthesaleofthesepropertiesalonewon'tsolvethenewspapers'financial

problems.Butitwillbuythemaveryvaluablecommodity:time.

26、AttheverybeginningofparagraphI,thesaying"Threemakesatrend*'impliesthat

A、thethreecompanieshavesoldtheirbuildingstogether.

B、newspaper-publishershavewidelyfallenintocrisis.

C、newspapergiantsstarttoenterhousingmarket.

D、it'spopularforprintingcompaniestochangeheadquarters.

标准答案，R

知识点解析：这一题考查的是第一段第1句。作为文章的第I句，本句一方面点出

全文讨论的话题，另一方面也是总领第一段接下来的内容。因此在解题时，可以从

第一段剩余内容着手，同时结合其余段落作为参考。在这句话之后列举了三个报业

大集团卖楼的事例；紧接着第二段第1句点出卖楼原因乃是报业不景气，因而选B

项。

27、Accordingtoparagraph2,whathasstoodinthewayofprintmedia'sfurther

development?

A、Thedeclineofadvertisingrevenues.

B、Thespreadofdigitalnews.

C、Theover-highoperatingcost.

D、Thelargeofficebuildings.

标准答案：C:

知识点解析：根据题干定位第二段。根据最后一句开头部分Printmediaishampered

byhighfixedcosts,可知阻碍出版业发展的因素在7高昂的固定成本，由此选花C

项。

28、Innewspaperindustry,drasticmeasuresareadoptedwiththepurposeto

Asreducethestaffcost.

B、optimizecompanysections.

C、cutdownthedailyexpenditure.

D、lookforonetimeinjectionofcash.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第三段第1句话采用总分结构，指出报业集团纷纷采取措施，破折号

之后则是具体做法。紧装着第2句点明所有努力的目标在于lowerday-to-day

operatingcosts,故而选C项。

29、Inparagraph4,itisinferredthat

A、traditionalistsarestronglyagainstthesalesofnewspapers'buildings.

B、thedestructionofnewspapers'buildingsisactuallycreative.

C、thetradingofbuildingscanincreasetheurbanrevenue.

D、moneyflowsarerunningquicklyfromsuburbstobigcities.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题干定位第四段。第四段最后引号中提到becauseitdrivesmore

taxrevenuetothecities.即地产买卖可以为城市带来更多的税收，也就是增加「城

市收入，C项正确。

30、Theauthor'sattitudetothebuilding-salesis

A^negative.

positive.

C、neutral.

D、indifferent.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这是一道杰度题，考查的是作者对事件的主观态度。一般来说，作者

会在字里行间透露自己的想法，并在一些关键显眼处重申或加强自己的观点，尤其

是结尾处。文章最后一段最后一句很明显是作者的想法，他认为售楼至少能为出版

界争取到宝贵的时间，由此选B。同时，文章第四段作者观点也得到鲜明表达。他

认为可以将此称作“创造性的解构”或是“适应性再利用“，从这里也能判断出作者持

肯定的态度。

Afewyearsago,JamesGreenbegantodreadwork.Hedraggedhimselfoutofbedevery

morningandploddedthroughNewYork'sPennStation,tryingtomanagea"gameface"

forhisofficealGiantRealm,anonlineadvertisingnetwork.ButMr.Greenwasn'tjust

anymanageratthecompany;hewastheCEO.Andhewasburnedoutonthejob.

Companiesandmanagersareequippedtohandlejobfatigueamongemployees,butwhat

happenswhenburnout-describedaspersistentfatigue,detachmentorresentment

triggeredbyexcessiveworkandstress-strikesthetopboss?Morecompaniesmight

soonfindout.Anuncertaineconomy,shareholderdiscontentandmountingexpectations

todeliverresultshavemadethelivesofchiefexecutivesmorestressful,management

expertssay.Andwhilefewexecutivespubliclyacknowledgeburnout,researchers

studyingtheissuesayitismorecommonthanpreviouslythought.Inonestudy

conducledbyHarvardMedicalSchoolfaculty,96%ofseniorleadersreportedfeeling

burnedouttosomedegree,withone-thirddescribingtheirburnoutasextreme.Burned-

outbossescomplainoflostfocusandmentalclarity,andfeelingsthatthey'realways

behind.Companyperformancecansufferastheystruggletomakedecisionsortreatstaff

fairly,accordingtomanagementandmedicalexperts.YetHRdepartmentsusually

assume,wrongly,thatCEOsandotherseniorexecutives“haveittogether."ForMr.

Green,aturnaroundspecialistwhospentadecaderevivingstrugglingfirmsand

preparingthemforsale,firinghundredsofworkersandansweringinvestordemandsleft

himfeelinghollow.Buthekeptthattohimself."Ifyouwanttobearealleader,youcan't

goaroundbeingemotionallyunstable,"hesays.Eventually,the51-year-oldexecutive

saidhefelthe"justhadtocheckout."Takingtimeoffiotravelorsailisacommon

fantasyamongexecutives,butleavesaren'tasurefixforburnout,saysGabrielaCord,a

psychiatristandauthorof"LeadingUnderPressure."Dr.Cora,whohastreatedsome

executivepatients,generallyrecommendssleep,exerciseandsometimesprescription

medication,suchasantidepressants.Preventingburnoutisonefocusofarecently

launchedHarvardBusinessSchoolworkshopforexecutivesatacareercrossroads.John

Davis,anHBSmanagementprofessorandfacultychairoftheCrossroadsProgram,says

manybosseslack"goodthermostats'^forgaugingtheirlevelsoffatigue.What'smore,the

executivessaytheysimplycan'taffordtostepoffthe"treadmill"tosolvetheproblem,he

adds.ButjustasFritsvanPaasschen,CEOofStarwoodHotels&ResortsWorldwide

Inc.says,"Theenergycoinesfromsomewhere-youdrawdownfromabank,andat

somepointyouhavetoputitbackin."

31、Welearnfromthefirst2paragraphsthat

A^economicrecessionhasmadeworkdreadfulformostCEOs.

B、theburnoutscenarioisnotuncommonamongseniorleaders.

C、managerstodayareunabletodealwithworkers5jobfatigue.

D^thelivesofCEOsaremorestressfulthanthoseofemployees.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第一段主要通过叙事的方式陈述JamesGreen的工作倦怠问题，

第二段由Green的个人问题发问“如果公司高层感到工作倦怠，事情会怎么样?”从

中可以猜测，倦怠现象不只是Green的个人问题，而是群体性问题。此外，考生还

可以从文章第三段中两个数据96%和one-third得到证实，所以B项正确。

32、Thephrase"haveittogcther"(Linc4,Para.4)mostprobablymeans

A、sufferfromalackofmentalclarity.

makewisedecisionsandtreatstafffairly.

C、commandagrandvisionofthecompany.

D、arephysicallyandmentallywell-organized.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第四段前面部分主要讲述工作倦怠的总裁们的种种症状以及可能带来

的不良影响，最后一句话引出转折，指出人力资源部门总是错误地(wrongly)认为总

裁和高管们总能haveitlogedier.根据上下文意思，可以看出haveittogether是与

burnout相反的一种状态，故选择D项。

33、Theunderlinedword"that"inparagraph5refersto

A、firingemployees.

B、pleasinginvestors.

C、sufferingburnout.

D、moodswings.

标准答案：c

知识点0析：第五段第1句话指出“开除几百名员工、满足投资者的需求，让他感

到空虚(hollow)”，后面更是直接引述Green自己的话“如果你想要成为真正的领导

者，就不能让其他人看到你情绪波动(emotionallyunstable)”,可见keepthatto

himself(将这件事隐藏起来)中的that就是指sufferingburnout,故选C项。

34、TowhichofthefollowingwouldJohnDavismostprobablyagree?

A、Takingtimeoffcannolavoidorfixburnoutlorsure.

B、Manybossesarequiteconcernedaboutjobfatigue.

C、Managershavestrivedtopreventburnoutbutinvain.

D、ManyCEOsmaynotknowtheirburnoutlevelsatall.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：最后一段第2句话指出：约翰・戴维斯认为许多老板缺少“好的恒温

器'’来测量他们的疲劳程度(levelsoffatigue),由此可以推断D项“许多总裁可能根

本不清楚自己的疲劳程度”是正确选项。

35、Inthelastparagraph,FritsvanPaasschcnholdsthat

A、peopleshouldalwayscheckthebalanceoftheirbankaccounts.

B、CEOsshoulddothingstorelaxthemselvestoavoidorfixburnout.

C、workersshouldpaycloseattentiontotheirfatigue'cvcls.

D、CEOsshouldtrytostrikeabalancebetweenworkandlife.

标准答案：B'

知识点解析：文章最后一句话指出：能量都有来源一就好像你去银行取钱，到一

定的时候你必须把钱存进去。意思就是：总裁们劳累忙碌就好比"提取''能量，为了

防止疲劳，就应该通过休假、睡觉、或者运动等方式来放松自己，“存储”能量。由

此，可以看出B项是最佳选项。

Thepastyearortwohastestedtheideathatallpublicityisgoodpublicity,atleastwhen

itcomestobusiness.Undeservedbonuses,plungingsharepricesandgovernmentbail­

outs,amongotherills,havearousedtheangerofthemediaandpublic-andcreateda

windfallforpublic-relationsfirms.TherecessionhasincreasedcorporatedemandforPR,

analystssay,andenhancedtheindustry'sstatus."Weusedtobethetailonthedog,"says

RichardEdehnan,thebossofEdelman.Butnow,hecontinues,PRis"theorganizing

principle"behindmanybusinessdecisions.PRhasdonewellinpartbecauseitisoften

cheaperthanmassadvertisingcampaigns.Itsimpact,intheformoffavorablecoveragein

themediaoronline,canalsobemoreeasilymeasured.Moreover,PRfirmsarebeginning

toexpandintoteiTitorythatusedtobethedomainofadvertisingfirms,asignoftheir

increasingclout.Theyusedchieflytopitchstoryideastomediaoutletsandtrytogel

theirclientsnienlionedinnewspapers.Nowtheyalsodreamupandorganizeliveevents,

weblaunchesandthelike."Whenyoulookatadvertisingversuspublicrelations,it'snot

goingtobethoseclearlydifferent,HsaysChristopherGraves,thebossofOgilvyPublic

RelationsWorldwide."Itmaybeindistinguishableatsomepointwhereoneendsandthe

otherbegins.1'PRhasalsobenefitedfromthechangingmedialandscape.Thewithering

ofmanytraditionalmediaoutletshasleftfewerjournalistsfromfewerfirmscovering

business.ThatmakesPRdoublyimportant,bothforattractingjournalists'attention,and

forhelpingfirmsbypassoldroutesaltogetheranddisseminatenewsbypostingpress

releasesontheirwebsites,fbrexample.Theriseoftheinternetandsocialmediahas

givenPRabigboost.Manybigfirmshaveapresenceonsocial-networkingsites,suchas

FacebookandTwitter,overseenbyPRstaff.PRfirmsareincreasinglycalledontotrack

whatconsumersaresayingabouttheirclientsonlineandtoresponddirectlytoany

negativecommentary.PerhapsthebestindicationofPR'sgrowingimportanceisthe

attentionitisattractingfromregulators.TheyareworriedthatPRfirmsdonotmakeit

clearenoughthattheyarebehindmuchseeminglyindependentcommentaryonblogsand

socialnetworks.InOctoberAmerica'sFederalTradeCommissionpublishednew

guidelinesforbloggers,requiringthemtodisclosewhethertheyhadbeenpaidby

companiesorreceivedfreemerchandise.Furtherregulationislikely.Butthatwillnot

hamperPR'sgrowth.Afterall,companiesthatfallfouloftheruleswillneedthehelpofa

PRfirm.

36、RichardEdelman'sstatementsindicatethat

A、hiscompanyisdevelopingatafastspeed.

PRindustryisfacingafavorableopportunity.

C、allpublicityisgoodpublicity.

D、PRpolicywillovercomebusinessdifficulties.

标准答案：R

知识点解析：根据RichardEdelman定位到第一段。RichardEdelman谈到公关行业

以前是thetailonthedog（“狗尾"，意为"不重要、是摆设”）,现在则是theorganizing

principle（组织原则），可以推知公关行业现在发展机遇良好，所以B项正确。

37、Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph2that

A、companiesspendlessmoneyinPRthaninadvertisements.

B、advertisingcampaignsarcindependentfromPR.

C、PRfirmsareplanningtoenlargetheirbusinessscopes.

D^advertisingcompaniesarelackingincorecompetitiveness.

标准答案：C」

知识点解析：第二段第3句Moreover之后的内容表明，公关行业开始进军以前隶

属广告业的领域。由此可以判断选项C是正确答案。

38、Thechangingmedialandscapeleadsto

A、theadvancementofPRindustry.

B、thedepressionoftraditionalmediaindustry.

C、thereductionofjournalists.

D、thediversityofinformationpublicity.

标准答案：A”

知识点解析：根据changingmedialandscape定位到第三段第1句，该句讲到公关行

业受益于不断变化的媒体格局。所以A项正确。

39、TheriseofsocialmediahasgreatlypromotedPRinthat

A、peoplecangetmoreinformationfromon-linecommunication.

B、companiesneedtogetfirsthandfeedbackfromtheconsumers.

C^PRstaffarethebesttotrackandtacklenetworkcriticisms.

D、businessesneedsomeonetotakecareofpublicopinions.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第四段谈到社交网络对公关的发展影响极大。该段最后一句PRfirms

arecalledonto…是被动语态，结合上一句可知公关公司是受bigfirms的要求,跟

踪(track)和回应(respond)消费者的网上回馈。可见D项的表述正确。

40、IhcnewguidelinesforbloggersbyAmerica'sFederalIradcCommissionarcto

A、testwhethercommentariesonblogsareaffectedbyotherfactors.

B、indicatethatPR'sgrowingimportancehasattractedregulators.

C>showthatPRfirmshavetobehonestwiththeircustomers.

D、restrictPR'sgrowthonsocialnetworkstosomeextent.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据America'sFederalTradeCommission定位到最后一段第3句,该

段首句表明公关受到监管当局关注，第2句表明监管当局的担忧，接着谈到美国联

邦贸易委员会制定新准则要求博客作者公开自己是否从企业获取报酬或免费商品。

A项是对该段笫3句的概拈，是正确答案。

三、阅读(补全短文)(本题共5题，每题上。分，共

5分。)

Doesthelanguagewespeakdeterminehowhealthyandrichwewillbe?Newresearch

byKeithChenofYaleBusinessSchoolsuggestsso.Chen'srecentfindingssuggestthat

anunlikelyfactor,language,stronglyaffectsourfuture-orientedbehavior.Some

languagesstronglydistinguishthepresentandthefuture.Otherlanguagesonlyweakly

distinguishthepresentandthefuture.[Cl]Thewaythesepeopleconceptualize

thefutureissimilartothewaytheyconceptualizethepresent.Asaresult,thefuturedoes

notfeelverydistantanditiseasierforthemtoactinaccordancewiththeirfuture

interests.Differentlanguageshavedifferentwaysoftalkingaboutthefuture.Some

languages,suchasEnglish,Korean,andRussian,requiretheirspeakerstorefertothe

futureexplicitly.EverytimeEnglish-speakerstalkaboutthefuture,theyhavetouse

futuremarkerssuchas"will"or"goingto.'1Inotherlanguages,suchasMandarin,

Japanese,andGerman,futuremarkersarenotobligatory.[C2]AMandarin

speakerwhoisgoingtogotoaseminarmightsay"Woqutingjiangzuo,1'which

translatesto"Igolistenseminar."LanguagessuchasEnglishconstantlyremindtheir

speakersthatfutureeventsarcdistant.ForspeakersoflanguagessuchasMandarinfuture

feelscloser.Asaconsequence,resistingimmediateimpulsesandinvestingforthefuture

iseasierlorMandarinspeakers.Chenanalyzedindividual-leveldatafrom76developed

anddevelopingcountries.[C3]Healsoanalyzedindividual-leveldataon

people'sretirementassets,smokingandexercisinghabits,andgeneralhealthinolderage.

Lastly,heanalyzednational-leveldatathatincludesnationalsavingsrates,countryGDP

andGDPgrowthrates,countrydemographics,andproportionsofpeoplespeaking

differentlanguages.[C4]Afterthosefactorswereaccountedfor,theeffectof

languageonpeople'ssavingsratesturnedouttobebig.Speakingalanguagethathas

obligatoryfuturemarkers,suchasEnglish,makespeople30percentlesslikelytosave

moneyforthefuture.Thiseffectisaslargeastheeffectofunemployment.Being

unemployeddecreasesthelikelihoodofsavingbyabout30percentaswell.Similar

analysesshowedthatspeakingalanguagethatdoesnothaveobligatoryfutu