考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷375

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷375

一、阅读（补全短文）（本题共7。题，每题7.0分，共

1。分。）

Thefollowingparagraphsarcgiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions1-5,youarcrequired

toreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Htofill

ineachnumberedbox.Thefirst,thefourthandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedfor

youinBoxes.[A|Inaddition,yourlegalsystemshouldmakeilnearlyimpossiblefor

anyonetolicenseanewbusiness,howeversmall.Thiswillofferopportunitiesforyour

bureaucratstomakealivingthroughcorruptionandwillprotectyourcroniesfrom

domesticcompetition.Anaddedadvantageisthatmostcommercewillbemadeillegal

andsubjecttoarbitraryenforcement.[B]Ofcourse,youmayfindittootiresometo

nationalizeeverything,inwhichcaseitisveryimportantthatyouestablishhightariffs

thatinsulateyourcountry'sremainingprivateindustries(usuallyownedbyyourcronies

anyway)tromcompetition.[CJEirst,makesurethatyourcountry'smoneyisnogood.

Printmoneylikethere'snotomorrow.Hyperinflationisoneoftheeasiestandmost

popularwaystodismantleaneconomy.Anotherpopularmonetarygambitistomake

sureyourcurrencyisnotconvertible.Thisguaranteesthatnoonewilleverwanttoinvest

inyourcountry.[D]Keepingpeoplepoorishardwork,butfollowingtheabovepolicies

willachievethatgoal.Modernpovertyisamiraclethatonlyyoucanmakehappen.

[EJThisleadstothepointthatpropertyiscritical.Oncepeoplestarttoownsomething,

theyinvestinitandimproveit,leadinginexorablytothecreationofwealth.Again,the

legalsystemcanhelptomakeitimpossibletoissuecleartitlessothatyourcitizenscan't

buy,sell,orborrowagainsttheir"property0.Also,forceyourfarmerstoselltheircrops

togovernmentcommodityboardsatbelowmarketrates.Thiswilldiscouragethemfrom

investinginanythingmoreadvancedthansubsistenceagriculture,andyouwillbeableto

sellwhatevercropsyoudoseizeatlowpricestokeeptheurbanpopulationsquiet.

[F]"Poverty,noteconomicgrowth,istherealmiracletoday,"explainsLeonLouw,

executivedirectoroftheFreeMarketFoundation.[GJTofurtherdiscourageinvestment,

besuretonationalizeallmajorIndustries.Nationalizationhasadditionalpoverty­

enhancingbenefits.Forexample,itwillensurethatthenationalizedindustriesnever

improvetechnologicallyorbecomemoreefficient,anditmakesworkerspathetically

dependentontheirpoliticalmasters,namelyyou.[H]Hereisashortguideforkleptocrats

andegalitarianswhowanttokeeptheircountriespoor.Allofthesepolicieshavestood

thetestoftimeastechniquesforcreatingandmaintainingpoverty.Thelistisbyno

meansexhaustive,butitwillgivewould-bepoliticalleadersagoodideaofhowtostart

theircountriesontheroadtoruin.Order:

12.3.1|TB—4.-5.心

1、

标准答案：H

知识点解析：本文可从前文获取排序信息。上文提到了本文的关键词“贫穷”，并指

出贫穷是当今真正的奇迹，可知下文所说的应与贫穷有关。通读选项，选项H既

从宏观上概括了本文的主旨——一个国家如何保持贫困，又引出下文，即对国家保

持贫困的策略进行分析，具有承上启下的作用。故选项H为最佳顺序。

2、

标准答案：c

知识点常析：本文可以从上文获得信息。上文指出下文是介绍国家保持贫困的策

略，而C选项则指出国家首先要通过保持国家纸币一文不值或者不能兑换的方式

使国家整体处于贫困水平，并且段首的“首先”(First)一词可以作为一个关键连接

词，连接上下文，因此放在此处比较合适。

3、

标准答案：G

知识点解析♦：此处从上下文均可得到有效信息。从上文看，上文结尾指出保持纸币

不能兑换可以阻止外国没资。G选项开始指出了进一步阻止投资的方法是确保所有

工业国有化，可与上文相衔接，即进一步介绍阻止投资的方法。从下文看，选项B

放在此处，指出如果领导人觉得将一切国有化太麻烦，可以采取提高关税来阻止竞

争。选项中的“国有化”作为关键词与上文相衔接。因此G选项较好地连接了上下

文，放在此处最为合适。

4、

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此处应该综合余下的选项A和E来分析。选项A论述了法律体系在

保持国家贫困中的作用。选项E则论述了财产的重要性，并指出政府如何让城市

人口安于现状，保持平静。并且选项E中出现了“法律制度”一词，而此前的文章内

容并未涉及到法律制度一词，只有A选项中论述了法律体系在保持国家贫困中的

作用，依据逻辑判断，可知A应排在E前面，故A放在此处比较合适。

5、

标准答案：E

知识点解析：结合上题分析，此处选择E为最佳顺序选项。

Youaregoingtoreadatextabouttechnicalresumewritingtips,followedbyalistof

evidences.ChoosethebestevidencefromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedsubheading(l-

5).Therearctwoextraexampleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.Listyourtechnical

knowledgefirst,inanorganizedway.Yourtechnicalstrengthsmuststandoutclearlyat

thebeginningofyourresume.Ultimately,yourresumeisgoingtobereadbya

thoughtfulhumanbeing,butbeforeitgetstothatpointitoftenhastobecategorizedby

anadministrativeclerk,andmakeitswaypastvarioussortsofkeywordsearches.

Therefore,youshouldlistasmanydirectlyrelevantbuzzwordsasyoucanwhichreflect

yourknowledgeandexperience.ListalloperatingsystemsandUNIXflavorsyouknow.

Listallprogramminglanguagesandplatformswithwhichyou'reexperienced.Listall

softwareyouarcskilledv/ith.Makeitobviousataglancewhereyourstrengthslie—

whethertheglanceisfromahiringmanager,aclerk,oramachine.[Cl]Listyour

qualificationsinorderofrelevance,frommosttoleast.[C2]Quantifyyourexperience

whereverpossible.[C3]Don'tsellyourselfshort.Thisisbyfarthebiggestmistakeof

allresumes,technicalandotherwise.[C4]Beconcise.Asaruleofthumb,resumes

reflectingfiveyearsorlessexperienceshouldfitononepage.Moreextensiveexperience

canjustifyusageofasecondpage.Considerthreepages(about15yearsormore

experience)anabsolutelimit.[C5)Haveatrustedfriendreviewyourresume.

Proofread,proofread,proofread.Besuretocatchallspellingerrors,grammatical

weaknesses,unusualpunctuation,andinconsistentcapitalizations.Proofreaditnumerous

timesoveratleasttwodaystoallowafresheyetocatchanyhiddenmistakes.Laserprint

itonplain,whitepaper.Handwriting,typing,dotmatrixprinting,andeveninkjet

printinglookprettycheesy.Stickwithlaserprints.Don'twasteyourmoneyonspecial

bondpaper,matchingenvelopes,oranycolordcviancesawayfromplainwhite.Your

resumewillbephotocopied,faxed,andscannednumeroustimes,defeatinganyspecial

paperefforts,assumingyouroriginalresumedoesn'tfirstendupinthecircularfile.

|A]Citenumericalfigures,suchasmonetarybudgels/fundssaved,timeperiods/efficiency

improved,linesofcodewritlen/debugged,numbersofmachinesadministered/fixed,etc.

whichdemonstrateprogressoraccomplishmentsduedirectlytoyourwork.[B]Avoid

lengthydescriptionsofwholeprojectsofwhichyouwereonlyapart.Consolidateaction

verbswhereonetaskorresponsibilityencompassesothertasksandduties.Minimize

usageofarticles(thc,an,a)andneveruse"I"orotherpronounstoidentifyyourself.

[C]Leaveallthesethingsoffyourresume:socialsecuritynumber,maritalstatus,health,

citizenship,age,scholarships,irrelevantawards,irrelevantassociationsand

memberships,irrelevantpublications,irrelevantrecreationalactivities,asecondmailing

address("permanentaddress"isconfusingandneverused),references,referenceof

references("availableuponrequest"),travelhistory,previouspayrates,previous

supervisornames,andcomponentsofyournamewhichyoureallyneveruse(i.e.middle

names).[D]Bcginsentenceswithactionverbs.Portrayyourselfassomeonewhois

active,usestheirbrain,andgetsthingsdone.Stickwiththepasttense,evenfor

descriptionsofcurrentlyheldpositions,toavoidconfusion.|E]Besuretopicksomeone

whoisattentivetodetails,caneffectivelycritiqueyourwriting,andwillgiveanhonest

andobjectiveopinion.Seriouslyconsidertheiradvice.Getathirdandfourthopinionif

youcan.[F]Onlylistyourdegreeandeducationalqualificationsfirstiftheyaretruly

relevanttothejobforwhichyouareapplying.Ifyou'vealreadydonewhatyouwantto

doinanewjob,byallmeans,listitfirst,evenifitwasn'tyourmostrecentjob.Abandon

anystrictadherencetoachronologicalorderingofyourexperience.[G]Yourexperiences

areworthyforreviewbyhiringmanagers.Treatyourresumeasanadvertisementfor

you.Besuretothoroughly"sell"yourselfbyhighlightingallofyourstrengths.Ifyou've

gotavaluableassetwhichdoesn'tseemtofitintoanyexistingcomponentsofyour

resume,listitanywayasitsownresumesegment.

6、[Cl]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：本段的主要内容是按照相关性写出自己的条件，并按照重要程度排

序。通读选项可知，选项F介绍了针对自身的特点和应聘职位的不同来排列教育

背景、已有经验等内容，并指出时间顺序不是最佳的排列自身条件的顺序，与段落

主题相符，为最佳例证。

7、[C2]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本段的主要内容为尽可能量化工作经验。可以推测所选例证应与量化

和工作经验相关。通读所有选项，A选项指出应该把因个人的工作而取得的进展的

具体数据列举出来，并举出了具体例子。其中,、具体数据”与前文的,、量化”相呼应，

因此为最佳例证。

8、[C3]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：本段的主要内容是别低估自己，并指出低估自己的能力是目前求职简

历中出现的最大问题。通读剩余选项，G选项大意是我们应该相信自己的经历是有

价值的，并且要善于发现自己的优点，即使是这些优点不适合出现在简历的现有部

分中，也要想办法在简历中体现自己的长处。因此选项G与前文相吻合，也从另

一个角度给出了解决求职简历中出现的最大的问题的方法——要自信.故G为最

佳选项。

9、[C4]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本段的主旨是要简洁。段落前段指出以五年为一个单元来安排简历的

内容，并且最多不能超过3页。选项B则从如何撰写简历的内容的角度来说明怎

样让简历简洁清晰地展现求职者的工作经历，与前文内容相符，为最佳选项。

10、[C5]

标海答案：E

知识点露析：木段的大意是让一个值得信任的朋友帮忙检查简历。可知选项应与具

体描述某个人所具有的特征相关。选项E则具体描述了帮助检查简历的人应具有

的基本特征：关注细节、客观评价、坦率提出意见，以及应找的朋友的数量，与段

落内容相符，为最佳选项。

二、阅读9翻译句子）（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共

10分。）

[Fl]Theproblemtobetaken叩andthepointatwhichthesearchforasolutionoill

beginarecustomaiily-Drescribedby[heinvestigatorforasubjectparticipatinginan

experimentonthinking（o「bytheprogiammerforacomputer）.Thus,prevailing

techniquesofinquiryinthepsychologyofthinkinghaveinvitedneglectofthe

motivationalaspectsofthinking.[F2]Thecondilionsihaldeteiminewheniheperson

willbeginlo【hinkinpreferencelosomeolheraclivily、whalhewillihinkaboutwhat

direclionhisihinkingwilllake、andwhenhewillregardhissearchforasolutionas

successfully【erminated(orabandonitasnotworthpursuingfurther)barelyarebeginning

toattractinvestigation.Althoughmuchthinkingisaimedatpracticalends,special

motivationalproblemsareraisedby"disinterested"thinking,inwhichthediscoveryofan

answertoaquestionisasourceofsatisfactioninitself.[F3]Fnscompmerspecialist,

thedetectionofamismatchbetweenthefoimulathattheprogramsofarhasproduced

andsomeformulaorseiofreauirememsihaldefineasolulioniswhalimpels

continuationofihesearchanddeterminesthedirectionitwillfollow.

Neobehaviourists(likepsychoanalysts)havemademuchofsecondaryrewardvalueand

stimulusgeneralization;i.e.,thetendencyofastimuluspatterntobecomeasourceof

satisfactionifitresemblesorhasfrequentlyaccompaniedsomeformofbiological

gratification.Theinsufficiencyofthiskindofexplanationbecomesapparent,however,

whentheimportanceofnovelty,surprise,complexity,incongruity,ambiguity,and

uncertaintyisconsidered.[F4]Inconsistencybetweenbeliefs,betweenitemsof

incomingsensoryinfexmation,orbetweenone'sbeliefandanitemofsensory

infomiationevidentlycanbeasourceofdiscomfortimDellingasearchforresolution

throughreorganizationofbeliefsystemsorthroughselectiveacquisitionofnew

information.Themotivationaleffectsofsuchfactorshavebeenreceivingmoreattention

sincethemiddleofthe20thcentury,mainlybecauseofthepervasiveroletheyhavebeen

foundtoplayinexploratorybehaviour,play,andaesthetics.Buttheirroleinallformsof

ihinkingalsobegantobeappreciatedandstudiedinrelationtocuriosity,conHict,and

uncertainty.[F5]Asevidenceaccumulatesaboutthebrainprocesses〔hatunderlie

fluctuationsinmotivationalstate,andasDsychophysiologicalcauiDmentwithwhichsuch

fluctuationscanbemonitoredcomesinforincreasinguse,futureadvancesinHietheory

ofthinkingarelikelylocurreclihepresenlimbalanceandgivedueprominencelo

motivationalquestions.

11、[Fl]

标准答案：研究人员通常为参与一项思维实验的受试者(或者编程员通常为计算机)

指定要解决的问题，并且确定寻求解决办法的出发点。

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、[F2]

标准答案：从何时开始，这个人偏重考虑某种其他活动；将会思考什么；思路朝什

么方向；何时他会认为自己寻求解决办法已经成功结束(或认为不值得继续下去而

放弃)。研究人员仅仅刚刚开始对判定以上问题起作用的条件感兴趣。

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、[F3]

标准答案：对于计算机专家来说，发现程序所得出的方案与解决问题所需满足的原

则或若干条件不吻合，这正是推动他继续寻求解决办法的动力，同时也确定了他的

努力应遵循的方向。

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、[F4]

标准答案：各种信念之间的冲突、感知到的各种信息之间的矛盾、个人的信念和感

知到的某项信息之间的不一致，显然会使这个人思想上感到困惑，思想的困惑必然

迫使他重新整理信念体系，或是有选择性地获取新信息，来寻找解决问题的办法。

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、[F5]

标准答案：动机大小上下起伏基于大脑的活动。随着逐步积累有关这种大脑活动过

程的证据，随着可以用来监测这种起伏的精神生理学仪器开始越来越多地被采用，

思维理论木米的进展很可能会纠正目前的不均衡并且对于动机方面的问题给予应有

的重视。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Thepublisher'stechniquesforbookpromotionhavebecomeincreasinglysophisticated

inalladvancedcountries.Thetypicaltravelerorbooksalesmanislikelytoholdacollege

degree,certainlyintheUnitedStates;hereceivesacarefulbriefingfromthehomeoffice,

withelaboratesamplesandsalesaids,andperhapsacarprovided,orpartlyprovided,by

thefirm.[Fl]Awell-nmpublishinghouseissuesIwoorihreeseasonalannouncemenl

lislswithdetailsofilsforthcomingbooks,aswellasanannualcatalogofitspresenland

pastbooksstillinprint,whichaiesentto[heaincipalbooksellersandlibrarians.For

manybooks,aprospectusmaybeissued,bothfortheuseofbooksellersandfordirect

mailingbythepublisher.Thedistributionofreviewcopiestothepressisthelastitemin

thenormalprogram.Thesethreesteps,traveling,catalogs,andreviews,arcthevital

elementsinthemachineryofbookdistribution,whichitisvirtuallyimpossibleto

accomplishwithouttheprofessionalworkofapublisher.[F2]Thecapacityofsome

aulhorsioproduceaauitemesentablebookwithihehelpofaprinterstillleavesihemfar

fromtheirobjectiveunlesstheycanfindaDublisher〔oundertakeitsdistribution.

Newspaperandperiodicaladvertisingisthepublisher'sprincipalmeansofreachingthe

public,andstandardsherehavealsorisenconsiderablysinceWorldWarII.[F3]

Originallyhandledenlirelybyihepublisher'sownstaff,ilisnownol