【单元精练】Unit 4 单元话题阅读理解专项练习-2022-2023学年必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（牛津译林版2020）

Unit4单元话题阅读理解专项练习(名校最新真题)（2022·江苏苏州·高一期末）Evensmallamountsofphysicalactivity,likequickwalking,maygreatlylowertheriskofdepression,accordingtoanewdataanalysis(分析).RecommendedlevelsofexerciseintheUnitedStates,accordingtotheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC),includeaerobic(有氧的)activityatproperlevelsfor2.5hoursaweek,alongwithaworkoutofallmajormuscle(肌肉)groupstwiceaweek.Or,apersoncanchooseahigh-levelaerobicexercise,suchasrunning,for1.25hourseachweek,alongwiththesameamountofstrengthtraining.Middle-to-high-levelexerciseisgoodforus,accordingtotheCDC．Itimprovessleep,lowersbloodpressure,protectsagainstheartdiseaseanddiabetes,reducesstress,improvesmood,andfightsanxietyanddepression.Butintoday’sbusyworld,manypeoplefinditdifficulttofitinajogoravisittothegym.Adddepressiontothemix,andthemotivationforexercisedropsevenfurther,expertssay.Theanalysis,publishedWednesdayinthejournalJAMAPsychiatry,lookedat15studiesinvolvingover190,000peopletodeterminehowmuchexercisewasneededtoreducedepression.Adultswhodidactivitiesequalto1.25hoursofquickwalkingperweekhadan18%lowerriskofdepressioncomparedwiththosewhodidnotexercise,thestudysaid.Movinguptoan“activityamountequalto2.5hoursofquickwalkingperweekwasassociatedwith25%lowerriskofdepression,”thestudyauthorssaid.Thebenefitswerestrongestwhenapersonchangedfrombeingacouchpotatotoaddingmovementtotheday,thestudysaid.However,exercisingovertherecommendedlevelsdidnotprovideanyadditionalbenefits.“Ourfindingsthereforehaveimportantnewimplicationsforhealthdoctorsmakinglifestylerecommendations,especiallytoinactiveindividualswhomayperceivethecurrentrecommendedtargetofexerciseasunrealistic,”theauthorswrote.Astudyin2018foundsimilarresults:Peoplewhoexercisedhadabout43%fewerdaysofpoormentalhealth.“Evenjustwalkingthreetimesaweekseemstogivepeoplebettermentalhealththannotexercisingatall,”saidstudyauthorAdamChekroud,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatYaleUniversity.1．WhydoesthewriterusethefiguresinParagraph2?A．Toprovidedifferentwaysofexercise. B．Toillustratethebenefitsofdoingexercise.C．Torecommendtheproperlevelsofexercise. D．Toidentifywhichexerciseisbetterforhealth.2．HowdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?A．Runningmaypossiblyaddtodepression.B．Depressedpeoplearelesswillingtoexercise.C．Peopletendtoexercisemorewhendepressed.D．Workingoutregularlyhelpsincreasemotivation.3．WhatdoestheanalysispublishedinJAMAPsychiatrysuggest:A．Over190,000peoplesufferfrompoormentalhealth.B．2.5hoursofquickwalkingperweekisamustforadults.C．Acouchpotatobenefitsmuchwhentakingproperexercise.D．TherecommendedlevelsbyCDCgoforpeopleofallages.4．WhichofthefollowingagreeswithAdamChekroud’sideaaboutexercise?A．Practicemakesperfect. B．Romewasn’tbuiltinaday.C．Halfaloafisbetterthannobread. D．Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.（2022·江苏南京·高一期中）Whatifcomputerscouldreplacepatients?Ifvirtual(虚拟的)humanscouldhavereplacedrealpeopleinsomestagesofadrugtrial,itcouldhavespedupdevelopmentofapreventivetoolandsloweddownthespreadofviruses.Similarly,potentialdrugsthatweren’tlikelytoworkcouldhavebeenidentifiedearly,cuttingtrialcostsandavoidingtestingpoordrugcandidatesonlivingvolunteers.Thesearesomeofthebenefitsof“insilicomedicine”,whichisalsoknownas“computationalmedicine”.Powerfulcomputersgettoworkbasedonthedataaccordingtosomerules,producingavirtualorgan(器官)thatlooksandbehavesliketherealthing.Withvirtualorgans,themodelingbeginsbyfeedingdataintoacomplexmathematicalmodelofthemechanisms.Insilicoclinicaltrialsarealreadyunderwaytoanextent.Fortheforeseeablefuture,realpatientswillbeneededinlate-stagestudies,butinsilicotrialswillmakeitpossibletoconductquickandinexpensivefirstassessmentsofsafetyandefficiency,hugelyreducingthenumberoflivehumansubjectsrequiredforexperimentation.TheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA),forinstance,isusingcomputersimulations(模拟)inplaceofhumantrialsforevaluatingnewtechnologysystems.Theagencyhasalsopublishedguidancefordesigningtrialsofdrugsanddevicesthatincludevirtualpatients.Beyondspeedingresultsandreducingtherisksofclinicaltrials,insilicomedicinecanbeusedinplaceofriskyinterventions(干预)thatarerequiredforanalyzingorplanningtreatmentofcertainmedicalconditions.Forexample,HeartFlowAnalysis,acloud-basedserviceapprovedbytheFDA,enablesdoctorstoidentifyheartdiseasebasedonCTimagesofapatient’sheart.TheHeartFlowsystemhasusedtheseimagestoconstructadynamicmodelofthebloodrunningthroughtheheart,thusidentifyingabnormalconditionsandtheirseverity.Withoutthistechnology,doctorswouldneedtocutintothebodytoperformanangiogram(血管造影)todecidewhetherandhowtointervene.Experimentingondigitalmodelsofindividualpatientscanalsohelppersonalizetreatmentforanynumberofconditions.5．Whatisthekeyfactorof“insilicomedicine”?A．Trialcosts. B．Virtualorgans.C．Potentialdrugs. D．Livingvolunteers.6．Whatcanweknowabout“insilicomedicine”?A．Itismainlyusedtotrydrugs. B．Itislackinginpracticalvalue.C．Itfreespatientsfromclinicaltrials. D．Itprovidessafetyandreducescosts.7．WhatcanbeinferredaboutHeartFlowAnalysis?A．ItisbeingappliedtoFDAforuse. B．Ithasgivendoctorspracticalhelp.C．ItmodelsCTimagesoflivingpatients. D．Itfunctionsonthebasisofangiograms.8．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Virtualmedical

scienceisdevelopingrapidly.B．Clinical

trials

of

new

drugshavebeenspedup.C．Virtualpatientsmakeclinicaltrialsfastandreliable.D．Computerswillreplacehumandoctorsinthefuture.（2022·江苏苏州·高一期中）GrowingupinaJamaican-Americanhousehold,foodwasanimportantpartofmychildhood.Iremembermygrandmotherpreparingfrieddumplingsandcurrymutton,jazzmusicplayinginthebackground.Foodwasourgreatesttreasure.Foodbroughtthefamilytogether.Foodcelebratednewbeginningsandeasedthewoundsoflife’suntimely(过早的)endings.WhenIwas8,Iwasdiagnosedwithamuscledisease,whichcausedmetospendmostofmychildhoodinhospitalroomsandwheelchairs,slowlygainingweightbyswallowingprednisone(泼尼松药)hiddeninsidemintchocolatechipicecream.Mymommadeitherdutytohelpmelosetheweightthroughstrictdieting.I’vetriedeverysingleone.Infairness,mymotherdidthebestshecould.Asasinglemom,shefeltthisbroughtuscloser.However,asanadult,Ibegantoexperienceaparalyzingfearoffood.My“I’llstartanewdietonMonday”mind-setlastedfor16yearsasIuncontrollablyateandabusedmybody.IwasworriedthatIwasnotattractiveenough.Soobsessed(困扰的)andafraidnoonewouldhiremeasanactressifIdidn’twinthebattlewiththenumbersonthescale,inFebruary2011,Iattemptedtokillmyselfandlandedinthehospitalformultipledays.Wedoextremethingstoourbodiesbecauseofthosenumbers.Numbersthatcannottalkwithusorloveus.Ihavehadtostopjudgingmybelly,stopstarvingmyself,stopgettingonthescaleandstaringatthosenumbers.IhavecometotherealizationthatmylifeismoreimportantthanthosenumbersonthescaleandthatthequalityofthelifeIliveismoreimportantthanhowIlookinthemirror.9．Whatroledidfoodplayinauthor’schildhood?A．Ithealedherphysicalwounds. B．Itstrengthenedthefamilybond.C．Itwasasourceoffamilyincome. D．Itmarkedtheendofsomeone’slife.10．Whatmadethemotherfeelclosertoherdaughter?A．Makingcookingherdailyduty. B．Raisingtheauthorasasinglemom.C．Limitingtheauthortoastrictdiet. D．Preparinghealthyfoodfortheauthor.11．Whydidtheauthorwanttokillherself?A．Becauseshehatedfood.B．Becauseshelostthebattlewithherdisease.C．Becauseshewasconcernedthatshewouldnotgetajob.D．Becauseshewasworriedaboutherworseninghealthstate.12．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutherweightnow?A．Nervous. B．Satisfied. C．Worried. D．Unconcerned.（2022·江苏南京·高一期末）YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersontogobeyondEarth’satmospherein1961.Ashespent108minutesinorbit,theRussianastronautconsumedatubeofbeef-and-liverpaste(糊状物)withasideofchocolatesauce.HisAmericancounterparts(同行)enjoyedequallyunappetizingcuisineduringtheirtripstothemoon,butpureed(做成泥的)meatgavewaytofreeze-driedmealsbythetimethespaceshuttlefirstlaunchedin1981.Today,astronautsaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)alsoenjoyfreshfruitandvegetablessentfromhome.Anincreasinglyappealingspacediethasensuredastronautsgetmoreofwhattheirbodiesneed.LifeaboardtheISS,forexample,ishard—asix-hourspacewalkcanburnmorethan2,000calories—soit’sessentialthatastronautsconsumeenoughfoodtodothejob.Andovertime,zerogravityweakenstheheartandothermuscles,requiringanyonelivinginittoexerciseregularly.“Flavoristheprimarydriverformostdecisionssurroundingfoodintake,”saysRobinTucker,anassistantprofessorofnutritionscienceatMichiganStateUniversity.Floatingfreelycanweakenthesenseoftasteandsmell.Providingavarietyofseasonings(调味品)helpswiththat.NASAalsomakessuretheSpaceStationhascrewmembers’favoritesnacks.Themenuincludesgoodies,liketheoccasionalpizzaduringresupplyflights.However,deliverieswon’tbepossibleonamonth’slongtriptoMars,andrefrigeratorsandfreezersrequiretoomuchroomandenergytobepractical.Giventhatvitaminsandmineralsinpackagedmealsslowlybreakdown,NASAisresearchinghowastronautsmightgrowvegetables.Italsohasexperimentedwithsomethinglikea3Dprinterthatwouldcombinepowderedstarch(粉状淀粉),protein,andfatwithmicronutrients,oil,andwatertomaketastyfood.Ashumansgoeverfartherintospace,suchideaswillensuretheyeatsomethinghealthier,fresher,andmoreacceptablethanwetandstickystuffsqueezedfromatube.13．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofastronauts’foodbefore1981?A．Itwastoodry. B．Itwasoriginal.C．Itwasunhealthy. D．Itwasunappealing.14．Whatinfluencesastronauts’foodconsumptioninspacemostaccordingtoRobinTucker?A．Thefood’slook. B．Thefood’staste.C．Thefood’ssmell. D．Thefood’snutrition.15．Howmightspaceflightsaffectastronauts?A．Theymightbecomeoverweight.B．Theyhavetotakeinfewerseasonings.C．Theymighthaveaweakenedsenseofsmell.D．TheyhavetodomoreexercisethanonEarth.16．WhatisNASAfocusingonatpresent?A．Preventingthebreakdownofnutrientsinfood.B．SendingsuppliestothespaceshipsflyingtoMars.C．Enablingastronautstofeedthemselvesinspace.D．Increasingthevolumeoffreezersonspaceships.（2022·江苏·连云港高中高一阶段练习）StaffanLindebergisaprofessorinthedepartmentofmedicineattheUniversityofLundinSweden.HewasinterestedinaStoneAgediet.Intheearly1990shetravelledtoPapuaNewGuineatostudythedietofthepeopleontheislandofKitavaasitwasveryclosetotheStoneAgediet.Whilethere,hefoundthatpeopledidnotsufferfromheartattacks,diabetes(糖尿病),beingoverweightandmanyotherdiseasescommoninwesterncountries.Asaresultofhisfindings,hedecidedtotestpatientsinSwedentoseehowsuchadietwouldaffectthem.FourteenpatientsfollowedaStoneAgedietwhileanotherfifteenfollowedaMediterraneandiet,alsohealthywithlotsoffruitandvegetables.Allofthepatientsinthetestshadhighbloodsugarlevels,mostsufferedfromdiabetesandallhadheartproblems.Attheendofthreemonths,thegroupfollowingtheMediterraneandiethadreducedtheirbloodsugarlevelsbyasmallamountbutthosefollowingtheStoneAgediethadmuchlowerlevelsofsugarintheirblood.Thepatientsinbothgroupsalsolostweightalthoughthelevelofsugarinthebloodandthepatients’weightdidn’tseemtoberelated.So,whatisitabouttheStoneAgedietthatcanmakeushealthier?Thedietcontainssomemeat,fish,vegetablesandnuts(坚果)butitdoesn’tcontainanydairyproducts(乳制品)orgrains,andthereisnosalt.ThenextquestioniswhethertheKitavapeoplearehealthierthanus.Afterall,theirlifeexpectancy(预期寿命)ismuchlower.AccordingtoProfessorLindeberg,thisisnotassimpleaswemaythink.Becauseoftheirpoorhealthcare,thereismorechanceofthemdyingatayoungage.However,ifpeopleonKitavamanagetoreachfifty,theyarelikelytoliveaslongaspeopleinmoredevelopedcountries.17．WhatdidStaffanLindebergfindabouttheKitavapeopleontheislandofKitava?A．TheyfollowedtheStoneAgediet.B．Theylivedasimplelife.C．Theyhadnodiseasescommoninwesterncountries.D．Theyhadpoormedicalconditions.18．WhatdidthetestsinSwedenshow?A．TheStoneAgedietcouldhelppeopleloseweightquickly.B．Highbloodsugarlevelscouldcausepeopletobeoverweight.C．TheMediterraneandietcouldnothelpreducebloodsugarlevels.D．PeoplefollowingtheStoneAgediethadalowbloodsugarlevel.19．WhatdidtheStoneAgedietdidnotcontain?A．Vegetables. B．Salt. C．Meat. D．Fish.20．WhyisKitavapeople’slifeexpectancylow?A．Theyhaveunhealthyeatinghabits.B．Theirlivingconditionsarepoor.C．Theydon’thavegoodhealthcare.D．Theytendtosufferfromararediseaseatayoungage.（2022·江苏·泰州中学高一期中）Aspeopleallovertheworldstruggledwithhigherlevelsofstress,depression(抑郁)andanxietythispastyear,manyturnedtotheirfavoritecomfortfoods:icecream,pizza,orhamburgers.Butstudiesinrecentyearssuggestthatthehigh-sugarandhigh-fatfoodswhenwearestressedordepressed,ascomfortingastheymayseem,aretheleastlikelytobenefitourmentalhealth.Instead,wholefoodssuchasvegetables,fruit,fish,eggs,nutsmaybeabetterchoice.Historically,nutritionresearchhasfocusedlargelyonhowthefoodsweeataffectourphysicalhealth,ratherthanourmentalhealth,though.Overtheyears,largepopulationstudieshavefoundthatpeopleinstructedtofollowaMediterraneandietforthreemonthshadgreaterreductionsinsymptoms(症状)ofdepressionafterthreemonthscomparedtoacontrolgroup.Publichealthexpertsaroundtheworldhavestartedencouragingpeopletohavehealthylifestylebehaviorslikeexercise,soundsleep,aheart-healthydietandavoidingsmokingthatmayreduceinflammation(发炎)andhavebenefitsforthebrain.Individualclinicians(临床医生)arealreadyincludingnutritionintotheirworkwithpatients.Dr.DrewRamsey,aclinicalprofessorattheColumbiaUniversity,beginshismeetingswithnewpatientsbyexploringtheirdiet.Heaskswhattheyeat,learnstheirfavoritefoods,andfindsoutiffoodsthatheconsidersimportantfortheconnectionaremissingfromtheirdietssuchasplants,seafood.Dr.Ramseysaidhedoesnotwantpeopletothinkthattheonlyfactorrelatedtobrainhealthisfood.“Lotsofpeoplegettheirfoodexactlyright,liveveryactivelivesandstillhavesignificanttroubleswiththeirmentalhealth,”hesaid.Buthealsoteachespeoplethatfoodcanhavegreateffects.“Wecan’tcontrolourgenes,”hesaid.“Butwecancontrolhowweeatandthatgivespeopleactionablethingsthattheycandototakecareoftheirbrainhealthonadailybasis.”21．Whatdopreviousnutritionstudiesmainlyfocuson?A．Howourdietsaffectourmentalhealth. B．Howourdietsaffectourphysicalhealth.C．Howourmentalhealthaffectsourdiets. D．Howourphysicalhealthaffectsourdiets.22．Whichofthefollowingmayprobablybethebestformentalhealth?A．Icecream. B．Hamburger. C．Seafood. D．Pizza.23．WhichofthefollowingmightDr.Ramseyagreewith?A．Someconnectionexistsbetweendietsandmentalhealth.B．Peoplecancontroltheirgenesaswellashowtheyeat.C．Peoplelivingactiveliveswillnothavementalproblems.D．Eatingahealthydietisgoingtocuredepression.24．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Peoplewithanxietyusuallyturntofoodforcomfort.B．Thedailydietistheonlyfactorconnectedwithbrainhealth.C．Controllingthewayweeatislikelytobenefitourmentalhealth.D．Havingahigh-sugardietcanreducesymptomsofdepression.（2021·江苏·高邮市第一中学高一阶段练习）Riceiseatenallovertheworldinalldifferentways.Nomatterifyourriceiswhiteorbrown,ithasonethingincommon,andthat’sarsenic(砷).Now,researchersfromtheUniversityofSheffieldsayanewandsimplewayofcookingricecanremovethiscancer-causingmaterialwhilekeepingthenutrientswhichmakethisfoodsogood.Ateamfromtheschool’sInstituteforSustainableFooddiscoveredthe“parboilingwithabsorptionmethod”(PBA)cancutdownoverhalfthenaturallyoccurringarsenicinbrownriceand74percentinwhiterice.Moreimportantly,thishome­friendlykitchenmethodsavesthenutrientsricecontains.ThePBAmethodfirstparboils(将煮到半熟)riceinpre-boiled-waterforfiveminutes.Thewateristhenemptiedandfreshwaterispouredintothepot.Fromthere,thericeiscookednormallyatlowerheatuntilthewaterisalltakenin.TheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancerhasclassedarsenicasaGroupcarcinogen,thematerialthatcancausecancer.Unfortunately,ricehasthiswater-solublepoisonbecauseitgrowsinfloodedfieldsunlikemanyothergrains(谷物).Researcherssayarseniccanaffecteveryorganinthehumanbody.Itcanalsoresultinskinlesions,cancer,diabetes,andlungdiseases.Ricetendstoholdaround10timesmorearsenicthanothergrains.Itusuallysitsintheoutercoveringofthegrain,whichmakesitmoreofprobleminbrownrice.Whiterice,whichismilled(研磨),containslessarsenicbutalsohasfewernutrientsduetothemillingprocess.“Forpeoplewhoeatrice,thisisexcellentnews.Thereareconcernsamongstthepopulationabouteatingriceduetoarsenic.Previousstudieshaveshownthatcookingriceinalotofwatercouldremovearsenicbuttheproblemisitalsoremovesnutrients,”saysleadauthorDr.ManojMenoninauniversityrelease.“Ouraimwastoimprovethemethodtoremovearsenicwhilekeepingmaximumnutrientsinthecookedrice.Ournewlydevelopedmethod,PBA,iseasyandhome­friendlysothateveryonecanuseit.Wedon’tknowtheamountofarsenicineachpacketofricewebuy;eventhoughbrownriceisnutritionallybetterthanwhitericeasourdatashows,itcontainsmorearsenicthanwhiterice.Withournewmethodweareabletosignificantlyreducethearsenicwhilereducingthelossofkeynutrients.”25．Whatdidtheresearcherstrytodowithrice?A．Toaddmorenutrientstoit. B．Tomakeithealthyandnutritious.C．Touseitasacureforcancer. D．Torecommenditasapopularfood.26．WhatcanwelearnaboutthePBAmethod?A．Itrequireswatertobechangedduringcooking.B．Itcanremovearseniccompletelyfromrice.C．Itcanchangetheformofarsenicinrice.D．Itwillbemoreeffectiveunderahightemperature.27．Whatmakesriceholdarsenicmorethanothergrains?A．Itsmillingprocess. B．Itshighwatercontent.C．Itsspecialstructure. D．Itsgrowingcondition.28．WhatdoesDr.ManojMenonsayinthelastparagraph?A．Riceshouldbecookedwithasmallamountofwater.B．ThePBAmethodcankilltwobirdswithonestone.C．ThePBAmethodneedstobetestedfurtherindailylife.D．Peoplelikingriceshouldchoosebrownriceoverwhiterice.（2022·江苏常州·高一期中）ThedevelopmentofthemRNAvaccine(疫苗)—abreakthroughinitsfield,instructingcells(细胞)toproducetheirownprotectionwithouttheriskofgivingsomeonethevirus—wasfastandeffective,madepossiblethroughrapidgenomesequencing(基因组测序).Sohowdoesitwork?OncemRNAisinjected(注射),thevaccineattachestoacell,instructingittoproduceaharmlesscopyofthespikeprotein—thesignificantmarkerofthecoronavirus,whichallowsCOVID-19toinjectitselfintohumancells—causinganimmuneresponse.BecausemRNAdoesnotenterthecellnucleus(细胞核),itdoesnotchangehumanDNA．Differentfromthetimeittakestoproducetraditionalvaccines，whicharetime-wastingandexpensive,mRNAcanbeproducedalmostinstantly.It’sbeena“gamechanger,”saysTomKenyon,aformerdirectorofglobalhealthattheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.“Thesearevaccinesthatgiveverystrongimmunity,whichweneverhadinpreviousattempts.”Besides,itspotentialtotreatcancer,whichitcandobycausingtheimmunesystemtotargetcancercells,isespeciallyexciting.Mosttraditionalimmunetreatmentforcanceruses“passiveimmunity,”whereadrugdoesn’talwayslastlong.Butactiveimmunity,achievedwithmRNA,meansthebodycanrememberhowtocreatetheresponseonitsown.“That’swhatgiveseverybodyinthepublichealthcommunityhope,”Kenyonsays.Thebiggestdrawbackisproductionability.Manypartsoftheworldwouldneedhelpsettinguptheabilitytoproducethesevaccines.“ThemRNAstoryisbyfarthegreateststoryofthispandemic(流行病),andit’sanamazingscientificachievement,butwehaven’ttranslatedthatyetintoprogrammaticresults,andthat’swhatmatters,”Kenyonsaid.29．WhichofthefollowingcandescribethisnewmRNAvaccine?A．Rapidandrisky. B．Passiveandefficient.C．Effectiveandlong-lasting. D．Harmlessandexpensive.30．Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat_______.A．mRNAcancauseaproblemtohuman’sDNAB．realizingmass-productioninthemRNAvaccineisthekeyC．mRNAcanworkverywellwithoutenteringhumanbodiesD．themRNAvaccinehasbeenusedincancertreatment31．Whichofthefollowingaboutthevaccinearementionedinthispassage?a.experimentdatab.workingprocessc.historyandorigind.potentialapplicatione.currentlimitationf.people’sdoubtsA．acf B．bde C．bdf D．ade32．WhatisTomKenyonattitudetowardsthevaccine?A．Negative. B．Supportive. C．Unclear. D．Worried.参考答案：1．C2．B3．C4．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了各项研究表明适当锻炼对人的身体和心理健康有好处。1．推理判断题。根据第二段“RecommendedlevelsofexerciseintheUnitedStates,accordingtotheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC),includeaerobic(有氧的)activityatproperlevelsfor2.5hoursaweek,alongwithaworkoutofallmajormuscle(肌肉)groupstwiceaweek.Or,apersoncanchooseahigh-levelaerobicexercise,suchasrunning,for1.25hourseachweek,alongwiththesameamountofstrengthtraining.(根据美国疾病控制和预防中心的数据，美国推荐的运动水平包括每周进行2.5小时的适当有氧运动，同时每周两次锻炼所有主要肌肉群。或者一个人可以选择高水平的有氧运动，例如每周跑步1.25小时，同时进行同样量的力量训练)”可知，引用的数字都是在关键词“include”之后作为具体例子，例子是为了进一步解释前文内容“RecommendedlevelsofexerciseintheUnitedStates”，所以第二段引用数字是为了建议适当水平的锻炼。故答案为C。2．词句猜测题。由第三段“Middle-to-high-levelexerciseisgoodforus,accordingtotheCDC.Itimprovessleep,lowersbloodpressure,protectsagainstheartdiseaseanddiabetes,reducesstress,improvesmood,andfightsanxietyanddepression.Butintoday'sbusyworld,manypeoplefinditdifficulttofitinajogoravisittothegym.(根据疾病预防控制中心的说法，中高水平的运动对我们有好处。它可以改善睡眠，降低血压，预防心脏病和糖尿病，减轻压力，改善情绪，并对抗焦虑和抑郁。但在当今繁忙的世界，许多人发现很难适应慢跑或去健身房锻炼)”可知，作者想要强调的是转折词“but”后的内容，即虽然运动有众多好处，但是人们因为繁忙或压力很难去适应一些运动。由此推知，划线部分的意思是“患有抑郁的人，更不愿意锻炼”，故答案为B。3．细节理解题。由第六段“Thebenefitswerestrongestwhenapersonchangedfrombeingacouchpotatotoaddingmovementtotheday,thestudysaid.(研究表明，一个从懒散转变为每天增加运动的人能获取最大利益)”可知，懒散的人可以从锻炼中获益良多，故答案为C。4．推理判断题。根据尾段“Evenjustwalkingthreetimesaweekseemstogivepeoplebettermentalhealththannotexercisingatall.(即使一周散步三次，似乎也比不锻炼更能改善人们的心理健康)”可知，亚当·切克罗德主张人们要去锻炼，哪怕仅仅是散步都比人们什么也不做强。由此推知，C项“半个面包总比没有面包好”符合亚当·切克罗德对锻炼的观点。故答案为C。5．B6．D7．B8．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚拟患者使临床试验快速可靠。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Powerfulcomputersgettoworkbasedonthedataaccordingtosomerules,producingavirtualorgan(器官)thatlooksandbehavesliketherealthing.Withvirtualorgans,themodelingbeginsbyfeedingdataintoacomplexmathematicalmodelofthemechanisms.(根据一些规则，功能强大的计算机以一些数据为基础，产生一个看起来和行为都像真实器官的虚拟器官。对于虚拟器官，建模首先要将数据输入到复杂的机构数学模型中。)”可知，insilicomedicine是用电脑算法模拟活体器官，创造虚拟器官，用以代替真实器官进行药物和治疗方法的测试。故关键因素应该是“虚拟器官”。故选B。6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“butinsilicotrialswillmakeitpossibletoconductquickandinexpensivefirstassessmentsofsafetyandefficiency,hugelyreducingthenumberoflivehumansubjectsrequiredforexperimentation.(但是在硅胶试验中，可以对安全性和效率进行快速而廉价的初步评估，这将大大减少实验所需的活体受试者的数量。)”可知，这项技术的安全有效，而且能节约成本。故选D。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“TheHeartFlowsystemhasusedtheseimagestoconstructadynamicmodelofthebloodrunningthroughtheheart,thusidentifyingabnormalconditionsandtheirseverity.Withoutthistechnology,doctorswouldneedtocutintothebodytoperformanangiogramtodecidewhetherandhowtointervene.(HeartFlow系统利用这些图像构建了血液流经心脏的动态模型，从而识别异常情况及其严重程度。如果没有这项技术，医生将需要切开身体进行血管造影，以决定是否以及如何进行干预。)”可知，该系统已经给予医生实际的帮助。故选B。8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Whatifcomputerscouldreplacepatients?Ifvirtual(虚拟的)humanscouldhavereplacedrealpeopleinsomestagesofadrugtrial,itcouldhavespedupdevelopmentofapreventivetoolandsloweddownthespreadofviruses.Similarly,potentialdrugsthatweren’tlikelytoworkcouldhavebeenidentifiedearly,cuttingtrialcostsandavoidingtestingpoordrugcandidatesonlivingvolunteers.Thesearesomeofthebenefitsof“insilicomedicine”,whichisalsoknownas“computationalmedicine”.”.(如果电脑能取代病人呢?如果虚拟人能够在药物试验的某些阶段取代真人，就可以加快预防工具的开发，并减缓病毒的传播。同样，那些不太可能起作用的潜在药物也可以在早期被发现，从而降低试验成本，并避免在活着的志愿者身上测试效果不佳的候选药物。这些都是“insilicomedicine”的一些好处，也被称为“计算医学”。)”可知，本文主要介绍了在硅医学技术，其关键因素是“虚拟器官”。通过浏览全文，该技术不仅可以加快药物的研发进程，而且可以提前评估实验的安全性和有效性，并且部分已经被用于帮助医生进行临床治疗。所以短文主要是关于虚拟患者使临床试验快速可靠。故选C。9．B10．C11．C12．D【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者因为体重的数字对自己做出极端的事情，然后意识到生命比这些数字更重要，自己生活的质量比自己在镜子里的样子更重要。9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Foodbroughtthefamilytogether.(食物使一家人团聚在一起)”可知，在作者的童年，食物是加强家庭联系的纽带。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据第二段“Mymommadeitherdutytohelpmelosetheweightthroughstrictdieting.I’vetriedeverysingleone.Infairness,mymotherdidthebestshecould.Asasinglemom,shefeltthisbroughtuscloser.(我妈妈通过严格的节食来帮助我减肥，这是她的责任。我都试过了。公平地说，我妈妈已经尽力了。作为一个单身母亲，她觉得这让我们更亲密)”可知，严格限制作者的饮食，使母亲感觉与女儿更亲近。故选C。11．细节理解题。根据第二段“SoobsessedandafraidnoonewouldhiremeasanactressifIdidn’twinthebattlewiththenumbersonthescale,inFebruary2011Iattemptedsuicideandlandedinthehospitalformultipledays.(我如此痴迷于此，害怕如果我不能在与数字的较量中取胜，就没有人会雇用我当演员。2011年2月，我试图自杀，结果在医院里住了好几天)”可知，她对失业的焦虑是导致作者企图自杀的直接原因。故选C。12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ihavecometothere