考博英语模拟试卷198

考博英语模拟试卷198

一、词汇（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

1、Communicationorallyinvolvesmorethanreadingortalking:gesture,posture,

movementsmayallbetoit.

A、intrinsic

B>coherent

C、appealing

D、submissive

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题中,A项“intrinsic本质的,原有的”符合题意,如：Theintrinsic

valueofacoinisthevalueofthemetalitismadeof.（一枚钱币的内在价值是造这枚钱

币的金属的价值。）其他三项“coherent连贯的，有条理的；appealing有感染力的，

吸引人的：snhmiwive顺从的，任人摆布的”都不正确.

2、Hedidnottellhisparentsbecauseheknewtheywouldtrytochangehismindbuthe

inacolleagueatwork.

A、involved

joined

C、engrossed

D、confided

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题空格处是说向同事倾吐心中的秘密。confide的意思是“吐露（秘

密）”,只有它与in搭配符合结构要求。如：Joanfeltshecouldonlyconfideinher

mother.（琼觉得她只有向她妈妈倾吐心中的秘密。）engross常用于“engrossoneself

in..,“，意思为“全神贯注地做...“；involve用于“involveoneselfin.或

“beinvolvedin.指“参与……”；join是及物动词，应直接带宾语，意为“参

加，加入”。只有D项符合题意。

3、Innoshouldyoudothiswithouthelpandadvicefromyourdoctor-

restrictingthedietofsmallchildrencanbeverydangerous.

A、perspectives

B、restrictions

C、circumstances

D、consequences

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题空格处是说在任何情况下都不该这么做。四个选项中，in（under）

nocircumstances的意思是“在任何情况下都不”，是固定搭配；perspectives的意思

是“观点，想法”；restrictions的意思是“限制"；consequences的意思是“后果，结

果只有C项符合题意。

4、TheideawasjustbeginningtoinAmericaandweknewthatitwasgoingto

becomethewaythatretailingcompanieswererun.

A^showup

B、catchon

C、openout

D、getby

标准答案：B

知识点解析：木题空格处是说这个观念刚刚开始在美国变得风行起来。B项“catch

on受欢迎，变得风行起来”符合题意,如:Skateboardingcaughtonquickly.（滑板

运动很快就流行起来。）其他三项“showup来到，露面；openout展开，打开；get

by过去，通过，维持生活”都不正确。

5、WithoutBob'stestimony,evidenceofbriberyislackingandinthecasewill

beimpossible.

A^verdict

B、sentence

C、conviction

D^acquittal

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题空格处是说将不可能对案子定罪。C项“conviction判有罪，定

罪”符合题意,如:Thiswasherthirdconvictionforcheating.（这是她第三次被判犯

有欺诈罪。）其他三项中，verdict一般指陪审团的判决或裁定当事人是否有罪；

senlence的意思是“宣判，判决”，发生在认定有罪之后；acquillal的意思是“宣判无

罪”，都与题意不符。

6、Pupilsoftenwanttositnexttotheirparticularfriendandmanyclassroomactivities

involvemovingabout,butevenrelativelysmallalterationscanmaketothevisual

comfortofpupilswithsightdefects.

A^adifference

B、aninterference

C、amodification

D^animpact

标准答案；A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说给视力有缺陷的学生带来不便。makeadifference是

一种固定用法，意思是“有些影响，有关系”，在原句中指“带来不便”。因此A项正

确。

7、Mostofthemhadvisitedtheinvalidoftenduringthepastfewmonths,marvelingat

hisspiritandhisunfailinggoodtemper.

A、variant

B、gallant

C、pertinent

D、solitary

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题空格处是说惊异于他的勇敢精神。B项"gallant勇猛的，勇敢的”

符合题意，如：putupagallantresistancetotheattackers.(英勇顽强地抵抗攻击

者)。其他三项“variant差异，变化；perlinenl相关的；soliiary孤独的，独居的”都

不正确。

8、Individualsmayatvariouspointsintheirlivesexperiencediscriminationinthe

allocationofresourceseitherofbeingtoooldortooyoung.

A、attherisk

B、tothepoint

C^inthecase

D、ontheground

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是说个人在不同阶段都要经历或因年龄太大或因年龄太小而带来

的资源的分配不公；D项“onIheground(oD根据，以……为理由”符合题意。其他

三项“attherisk(0。冒险：tothepoint(of)切中要害；inthecase(of)在...的情况下”

都不正确。

9、Whenasystemisunjusttothe,abolition,notreform,iswhatrespectfor

justicedemands.

A^end

B、excess

C>core

D^bottom

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题是说如果一种体制已经彻底不公正了，那么废除它而不是改变

它,是尊重公正所必需的。四个选项中，tothecore是固定用法,意思是“彻底地,

完全地''；tolheend意思是“到底"；excess意思是“过度，过分”;boltom指事物的

最底层、最低部分。只有C项符合题意。

10>Thecustomisinthebeliefthatanewpregnancy-throughitsdetrimental

effectonbreastfeeding—wouldendangerthemother'shealth.

A、celebrated

observed

C、viewed

D、presented

C、redressof

D^accessto

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是说信息自由法案给公民提供了解政府文件的途径。D项“access

to通向...的途径”符合题意，如：Theonlyaccesstothetownisacrossthe

bridge.（到镇上唯一的通路是经过一座桥。）其他三项“releasefrom（被）从...释

放；excessof超过；redressof修正，补偿...”都不正确。

15>Theoilpricerisereactivatedtheboomincommoditypricesandinflation,

whichreachedanannualrateof5percentinthespringof974.

A、boosted

harnessed

C>staggered

D、embarked

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说加大了通货膨胀。A项"boost增加，使上升”符合题

意,如：ioboostprices（提高价格）。其他三项“harness控制,治理；stagger摇晃,

蹒跚：embarkon着手、从事……”都不正确。

16、Didhereallyexpecthertosmilenowandwithhisplans,treatallthis

deceptionasnomorethananunusualdiversion?

A、fallin

putoff

C、agreeto

D、standup

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说同意他的计划。四个选项中，fallinwith的意思是

“同意、赞成、支持...“；puloff的意思是“推迟..."，不用wilh；agreelo后面

不用with；standup后面通常用for,意思是“替...说话或辩护，支持....只

有A项符合题意。

17、TheCommissionfoundinstanceswherepoliceofficershadliedunderoath,

evidence,neglectedblackprisonersandwronglyimprisonedAborigines.

A、entailed

B、fabricated

C、cleansed

D、precluded

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题空格处是说伪造证据。B项“fabricated捏造、伪造”符合题意，

如：Theyfabricatedevidenceandthreatenedwitnesses.（他们伪造证据并威胁目击

者。）其他三项“entailed需要，使负担；cleansed清洗，清除；precluded排除,阻

止”都不正确。

18、Shethewords,notknowingwhattosay,howtoputintoplainspeechher

decisiontofinishtheirlove.

A^passedonto

B、stumbledover

C、burstout

D、droppeddown

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题空格处是说她结结巴巴地说着，不知道要说什么。B项"stumbled

over(words)停顿地、结结巴巴地说”符合题意。其他三项“passedthewordsonto

someone传话给...；droppeddown(words)把话搭卜,留下....话;burstout突然

笑(哭)起来”都不正确。

19>Theinkhasfadedwithtimeandsopartsoftheletterwere.

A、illegible

indelible

C、illegitimate

D、inscrutable

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说信的部分内容已难以辨认。A项“illegible难以辨认

的“符合题意。其他三项“indelible难忘的，持久的；illegilimaie不合理的，非法

的：inscrutable难以理解的，不可思议的”都不正确。

20、Thebishoppreachedafarewellsermontoathatfilledthechurchtoover­

flowing.

A、procession

reunion

C、rally

D、congregation

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题应选与宗教有关的词语。D项“congregation宗教的集会”符合题

意。其他三项中，procession的意思是“队伍，行列”；reunion的意思是“重聚”；

rally为了某政治目的集会的人们，都与题意不符。

二、阅读理解(本题共30题，每题1.0分，共30分。)

Cananimalshaveasenseofhumor?SallyBlanchard,publisherofanewslettercalledthe

PetBirdReport,thinksapetparrotmayhavepulledherleg.That'soneexplanationfor

thetimeherAfricangrayparrot,namedBongoMarie,seemedtofeigndistressatthe

possibledeathofanAmazonparrotnamedPaco.IthappenedonedaywhenBlanchard

wasmakingCornishgamehenfordinner.AsBlanchardliftedherknife,theAfricangray

threwbackitsheadandsaid,"Oh,no!Paco!1'Tryingnottolaugh,Blanchardsaid,"That's

notPaco,"andshowedBongoMariethattheAmazonwasaliveandwell.Mimickinga

disappointedtone,BongoMariesaid,"Oh,no,"andlaunchedintoahoarselaugh.Was

theparrotjokingwhenitseemedtobelievetheotherbirdwasagoner?DidBongoMaric

comprehendBlanchard'sresponse?StudiesofAfricangrayshaveshownthattheycan

understandthemeaningofwords-forexample,thatredreferstoacolor,notjusta

particularredobject.Parrotsalsoenjoygettingareactionoutofhumans,andso,whether

ornotBongoMarie'scrocodiletearswereintentional,theepisodewasthoroughly

satisfyingfromtheparrot'spointofview.

21、WhenBlanchardwasmakingCornishgamehenfordinner,BongoMarieactedasif

Pacowas.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从文中可知，当Blanchard举起刀要杀鸡做饭时，鹦鹉以为是它的同

伴，所以说道“哦，不，Paco!”，可见Bongo的举动是好像Paco死了且要被切来做

饭。因此B项是正确答案。

22、WhydidSallyBlanchardbelieveBongoMaricmadeajokethatday?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从文中可知，Bongo模仿失望的语调说：“噢!不!”然后大笑起来。所

以作者认为Bongo是在开玩笑.因此D项是正确答案.

23、Inthelastsentence,theclause"theepisodewas...pointofview"suggeststhatBongo

Mariewas.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从最后一句"Parrotsalsoenjoygettingareactionoutofhumans,and

so,whetherornotBongoMarie'scrocodiletearswereintentional,theepisodewas

thoroughlysatisfyingfromtheparrot'spointofview.”可知，鹦鹉喜欢从人那里得到

反应，因此，不管Bongo的鳄鱼泪是否故意，在这只鹦鹉看来是完全令人满意

的。因为它得到了主人的反应。因此D项是正确答案。

Don*tcallhimjustacollegeprofessor.Internetentrepreneur,TVpersonality,advisorto

presidents,andfriendtotherichandpowerfulwouldbemoreaccurate.HenryLouis

"Skip"GatesJr.isbetterknownforhisactivitiesoutsidetheacademy.Thisweekhesold

Africanacom,awebsitehecreatedwithafellowHarvardUniversityprofessor,toTime

Warner.Termsofthedealweren'trevealed,thoughtheWallStreetJournalpeggedthe

priceatmorethan$10million,withGatesreapingupto$1million.TimeWarnerwill

incorporatethesite,aportalwithnewsandinformationaboutpeopleofAfricandescent,

intoAmericaOnlinewhenthetwomergeasexpected.ThesenseisthatGatesgotavery

gooddeal.Thesiteisarichsourceofscholarshipbuthardlyarichsourceofrevenue.As

recentlyasthelate1980sGates,whoturns50thisweek,wasanobscureprofessor,

penningbooksonliterarytheoryonlyagraduatestudentcouldlove.Nowhecan'tbe

avoided.HehostedaseriesaboutAfricaonpublictelevision,writesoccasionalarticles

fortheNewYorker,andevenadvisestheGorepresidentialcampaign.Hecountsdirector

StevenSpielberg,Microsoft'sBillGatesandPresidentClintonasfriends.nThey'renot

intimatefriends,"heinsists.Indeed,Gateshasevolvedintoakindofexperton

everythingAfrican-American."Heremainsthego-topersononthestateofAfrican-

Americanaffairs,"saidPerrySteinberg,headofAmericanProgramBureau,alecture

agency.The30orsospeechesGatesdeliverseachyearareanothersourceofincomefor

theprofessor.Withfamecomescontroversy.Severalotherblackintellectualshavetaken

himtotaskfornotbeingconfrontationalenough.Gateshashearditbefore."'Me?

Critics?Oh,whatashock."Butheconsidershimselfmoreadescendentofhistorianand

educatorW.E.B.DuBoisthanofMalcolmX.Hisultimategoalistobuildthefieldof

Afro-Americanstudies."FiftyyearsfromnowIwanttheretobeatleast10greatcenters

ofAfro-Americanstudies,"hesays.IfworkingasaconsultantonSpielberg'shistorical

filmAmistadorgivingAlGoreadvicehelps,sobeit.

24>WhatcanwelearnaboutAfricanacom?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的依据句是第二段的最后一句"Thesiteisarichsourceof

scholarshipbuthardlyarichsourceofrevenue.”从中可知A项“它对于时代华纳的经

济意义不大”为正确答案。

25、WhatistrueaboutHenryLouis"Skip"GatesJr.?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题可参照第五段内容，他认为自己与其是MalcolmX的后裔不如

是W.E.B.DuBois的后裔。因此B项“他是个非洲裔美国人”为正确答案。A,

C两项在原文中未提到，D与原文混淆。

26、InParagraph5,thephrase"havetakenhimtotaskfor..."mostprobablymeans

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第71段的首句是"Withfamecomescontroversy.Severalotherblack

intellectualshavetakenhimtotaskfornotbeingconfrontationalenough.“从中可知，

随着出名，也引来了争议。好几个黑人学者责怪他（在与美国主流文化方面的）对抗

还不够。因此A项是正确答案。

27>FromGates'smentionofW.E.B.DuBoisandMalcolmXwecaninferthat.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从第五段可知，他认为自己与其是MalcolmX的后裔不如是

W.E.B.DuBois的后裔，因为W.E.B.DuBois是历史学家和教育家，而

MalcolmX主张暴力抵抗。囚此D项是正确答案。

28、AccordingtoHenryLouis"Skip"GatesJr.himself,givingadvicetoAGoreis

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题可依据第五段提到Gates的话“FiftyyearsfromnowIwantthereto

beatleast10greatcentersofAfro-Americanstudies（我亲望今后的50年内至少要建有

10家大的非美研究中心广，和第六段的“IfworkingasaconsultantonSpielberg's

historicalfilmAmistadorgivingAlGoreadvicehelps,sobeil.（如果给Spielberg的历

史电影《Amislad》当顾问或给Gore当顾问有帮助的话，就当吧）。”因此A项是正

确答案。

29、Inthispassagetheauthorexpressesaloneof.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：综观全文，作者以事实客观地介绍了小HenryLouis“Skip”Gatcs,没

有表示褒贬。因此C项是正确答案。

Forgetfootball.Atmanyhighschools,thefiercestcompetitionisbetweenCokeand

Pepsioverexclusive"pouringrights"toselloncampus.ButlastweekJeffreyDunn,

presidentofCoca-ColaAmericas,calledatimeout:Coke'smachineswillnowalsostock

waterjuice,andotherhealthfuloptions-evenrivalbrandsandtheirfacadeswillfeature

schoolscenesandother"noncommercialgraphics"insteadofCoke'svividredlogo,"the

pendulumneedstoswingback"onschool-basedmarketing,saidDunn.Coke'sabout-

faceparticularlythecalltoendtheexclusivedealsthatbottlersmakewithschool

districts-comesamidrisingconcernoverkids'health:Americanchildrenaregrowing

evermoreobeseanddevelopingweight-relateddiseasesusuallyfoundinadults.While

inactivityandhugehelpingsfactorheavily,arecentstudyintheLancetfingeredsoda

popasalikelyculprit.Communities-andlegislators-arealreadyonthecase.Lastyear,

forinstance,parentsinPhiladelphiadetailedaproposedcontractwithCoca-Colathat

wouldhavenettedtheschoolsystem$43millionover10years.Andinasearing'report

tocongresslastmonth,theU.S.DepartmentofAgriculturerecommendedthatallsnacks

soldinschoolsmeetfederalnutritionstandards（therequirementsarelooseenoughthat

Snickersbarsqualify）.Sparechange?ActivistshopeCoke'scapitulationwillhelpcurb

commercialisminschoolsaltogether.FromadsonChannelOne,whichbroadcasts

current-affairsprogramsonclassroomTV,tomiddle-schoolmathtextsthatciteNikeand

otherbran-nameproductsintheirwordproblems,tocompany-sponsoredscoreboardson

footballfields,Americanpupilsarebombarded.ButAndrewHagelshaw,executive

directoroftheOakland,Calif.-basedCenterforCommercial-FreePublicEducation,

viewsCoca-Cola'spolicyshiftasa"partialvictory”.Schoolssigncontractswithlocal

bottlers;theparentcompanycanonlyurgethemtobackoff.Moreover,Coke'smachines

willremaininplace,althoughwithhealthieroptions.Anddon'texpectteenagersto

suddenlyswearoffthestuff-orschooldistrictslogiveuptherevenue.AtWheelerHigh

SchoolinMarietta,Ga.,wherestudentsarrivebefore7a.m.andstayaslateas11o'clock

atnight,theyrelyonthemachines.Andthe$50,000inannualvendingrevenueshave

enabledPrincipalJoeBolandtorefinishthegymfloor,in-stallanewhigh-jumppit,and

pay$7,000fortwobuses."Ifsomeonemadeanoffertometotakethemachinesout.I'd

considerit,"saysBoland."Butnobody'sofferingmeanymoney."

30、"Forgetfootball"inParagraphsuggeststhatfootballhasbeen.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的依据句是"thefiercestcompetitionisbetweenCokeandPepsiover

exclusive...从中可知第一句提到的足球是用来与两大公司之间的竞争做类

比，这表明足球在中学是最激烈的竞赛。因此A项为正确答案。

31、LastweekJeffreyDunn,presidentofCoca-ColaAmericas,madeanimportant

decisionto.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从文中可知，上周美国可口可乐公司的总裁喊了暂停：可口可乐的机

器也可以供应水、果汁和其他保健饮品甚至其他牌子的产品。因此D项”放弃专门

出售可口可乐的专有权”为正确答案。

32、Coca-Colaistotakenewactionmostprobablybecause.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从文中内容可知，尽管不活动和吃得多是主要因素，但最近一项研究

指出果味汽水可能是罪魁祸首。社区及立法机构已经在调查此事。由此可以推测，

B项“不想陷入官司”是正确答案。

33、SupportersofCoca-Colawouldsaythatitsnewpracticewill.

标准答案：A

知识点解析:本题的依据句是"ActivistshopeCoke'scapitulationwillhelpcurb

commercialisminschoolsaltogether”，从中可知A项”给校园里其他的商业行为树立

道德榜样”是正确答案。

34、Thephrase"backoff'inboldfaceinthiscontextprobablymeans.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从第三段的内容可知，学校是与当地的小批发商(localbotUers)签约

的，总公司只能要求(而无法保证)这些小批发商签约时做些让步；因此D项“签约

时降低要求''为正确答案。

35、ItishardtomovetheCokemachineoutofschoolbecause.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从最后一段内容可知，可口可乐可给学校带来许多收入从而使学校能

购买设施或为学生提供其他服务。因此C项”因为它给学校带来资金，所以不能忽

略它''为正确答案。

Withinhoursofappearingontelevisiontoannouncetheendofconscription,President

JacquesChiracmovedquicklytopreventanydissentfromwithinthemilitary

establishment.Addressingmorethan500militarystaffofficersatthemilitaryacademy

inParisyesterday,Mr.Chiracsaidclearlythathe"expected"theirloyaltyintheworkof

rebuildingFrance'snationaldefense.Heunderstoodtheir"legitimateconcerns,questions

andemotions"atthereforms,butadded."Youmustunderstandthatthereisnotand

neverhasbeenanyrigidmodelforFrenchdefense.Militaryservicehasbeencompulsory

forlessthanacentury.Realismrequiredthatourarmedforcesshouldnowbe

professional."Thepresident'sdecisiontoabolishconscriptionoveraperiodofsixyears

removesariteofpassageforyoungFrenchmenthathasexistedsincetheRevolution,

eventhoughobligatorynationalserviceonlybecamelawin1905.Asrecentlyas1993,an

opinionpollshowedthatmorethan60%ofFrenchpeoplesaidtheyfearedtheabolition

ofconscriptioncouldendangernationalsecurity.Apollconductedthismonth,however,

showedthat70%ofthoseaskedfavoredendingofpractice,andonthestreetsandin

officesyesterday,theresponsetoMr.Chirac'sannouncementwasgenerallypositive.

Amongpeoplewhocompletedtheir10-monthperiodofnationalserviceinthelastfew

yearsorwerecontemplatingtheprospect,therewasalmostuniversalapproval,tempered

byasensethatsomethinghardtodefine-mixingwithpeoplefromotherbackgrounds,a

formativeexperience,aprocessthatencouragednationalorsocialcohesion-mightbe

lost.Patrick,whospenthisyearintheFrenchcityofValanceassigningandcollecting

uniforms,andisnowacomputermanager,saidhewasintearsforhisfirstweek,and

hatedmostofhistime.Hethoughtitwas"useless"asaformofmilitarytraining—"Ionly

firedarifleiwice”-bul,inretrospect,usefulforlearninghowtogetonwithpeopleand

instillingpatriotism.Asmanyas25%ofthoseliableformilitaryserviceinFrance

somehowavoidit—thepercentageisprobablymuchgreaterinthemoreeducatedand

highersocialclasses.AccordingtoGeoffroy,a26-year-oldreporter,whospenthistime

inthenavywiththeinformationofficeincentralParis,theinjusticeisagoodreasonfor

abolishingit.Peoplewithmoneyorconnections,hesaid,cangetwell-paidassignments

abroad."It'snotfair:somedoit,somedon't."Severalexpressedsupportfortheideaofa

newsocially-orientedvoluntaryservicethatwouldbeopentobothmenandwomen.But

theideaseemedlesspopularamongwomen.Atpresent,womenhavetheoptionof

voluntaryserviceandasmallnumberchoosetotakeit.

36、PresidentChirac'sdecision,announcedonTV,onendingconscriptionseemedto

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从第一段内容可知，希拉克总统为了避免来自军界内部的反对，行动

迅速地召集了军事科学院的500名军官开会，明确地指出，“希望”他们在这次法兰

西国防体系改革中忠实于他的政府。因此A项“没有得到军官的一致同意”是正确

答案。

37、Inplaceofmilitaryservice,presidentChiracproposedtheestablishmentof.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题的依据句是"Realismrequiredthatourannedforcesshouldnowbe

professional",从中可知D项“专业化的武装部队”是正确答案。

38、ConscriptioninFrancehasexisted.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题的依据句是"Militaryservicehasbeencompulsoryforlessthana

century",从中可知D项是正确答案。

39、Whatworriespeoplewhohaverecentlycompletedtheirmilitaryserviceaboutthe

reform?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从第四段的内容可知，最近几年刚服完兵役的人感觉有一种东西可能

会丧失.这种东西是人生的必要经历，是与来自于其他背景的人的融合，是一个加

强民族或社会凝聚力的过程。因此A项“缺乏培养民族精神的经历”是正确答案。

40、WhenPatrickconsideredhistimeinthearmy"inretrospecthe.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题可参照第五段。从中可知，Patrick一开始认为服兵役是

“useless"，但后来回想起来是“usefulforlearninghowtogetonwithpeopleand

instillingpatriotism”，因此B项“纠正了他以前对兵役的看法”是正确答案。

41、WelearnfroinihepassageihalFrenchwomen.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题的依据句是文中的“womenhavetheoptionofvoluntaryservice”,

从中可知C项“没有面临强制兵役”是正确答案。

42Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：综观全文，在介绍这种改革之后引用统计数字和实例说明多数人赞同

这种改革。因此D项“法国几乎没有人后悔告别兵役”是正确答案。

MostpeoplewhodevelopLymedisease,atick-borninfectionthat'sendemicinpartsof

theNortheastandMidwest,arceasilycuredbytakinganantibioticlikedoxycyclinefora

coupleofweeks.Butforyearsadebatehasragedoverwhattodoaboutpatientswhose

symptoms(fatigue,mentalconfusion,jointpain)neverseemtoclearup.Onesmallbut

vocalgroupofdoctorsandpatientadvocatesbelievesthatLyme'scorkscrew-shaped

spirocheteshavetunneleddeepintotheirvictims'bodiesandcanbeeradicatedonlywith

intensiveantibiotictreatmentovermanymonths.Anothergroupbelieves,justas

adamantly,thatthebacteriaarelonggone,makingfurthertreatmentwithpowerful

antibiotics—whichcanleadtopotentiallyfatalinflectionsorbloodclots—positively

dangerous.NowcomeswordoftwostudiesintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinethat

showthatlong-termantibiotictreatmentisnobetterthanaplaceboforfolkswithchronic

Lymedisease.OriginallyscheduledforpublicationinJuly,theresearchispartofagroup

offindingsmadepubliclastweek—justintimeforthepeakLymemonthsofJuneand

July.Ifconfirmedbyano:hermajorstudythat'slookingatchronicLymeandantibiotics

fromaslightlydifferentperspective,theresultswouldseemtosettlethequestiononce

andforall.ResearchersfromBoston,NewHaven,Conn.,andValhalla,N.Y.,followed

129patientswhohadpreviouslybeentreatedforwell-documentedcasesofLyme

disease.Sixty-fourweregivenantibioticsdirectlyintoiheirveinsfbramonth,followed

bytwomonthsoforalantibiotics.Theothersreceiveddummymedications.Athirdofthe

chronicLymepatientsgotbetterwhiletakingtheantibiotics.Butsodidathirdofthose

ontheplacebo.Indeed,theresultsweresosimilarthatamonitoringboarddecidedtocut

thetrialsshortratherthanaddmoresubjectstothetestgroups.Unfortunately,thedebate

overchronicLymehasbecomesoheatedthatnooneexpectsthecontroversytogoaway.

ButbothsidesmaytakecomfortintheotherfindingsthatwerereleasedbytheNew

EnglandJournallastweek.Afterstudying482subjectsbittenbydeerticksinapartof

NewYorkwithalotofLymedisease,researchersconcludedthatasingly200-mgdose

ofdoxycyclinedramaticallycuttheriskofcontractingthedisease.Thatgoodnewsis

temperedsomewhatbythefactthat80%ofpatientswhodeveloptheinfectiondon't

remembereverbeingbittenbyatick.(Thebugsinjectananestheticintotheskintomask

thepainandintheirnymphstagearesosmall-aboutthesizeofapoppyseed—thatthey

arceasilyoverlooked.)There'sstillplentyyoucandotoprotectyourselfinaLyme­

infestedneighborhood:tuckyourpantsinyoursocks,sprayDEETonyourclothing,

checkyourselfandyourkidsforticks.Andifyoudevelopaspreadingredrash—

particularlyifit'saccompaniedbyjointpain,chillsorconfusion-makesureyouseea

doctorrightaway.Thetrick,asalways,istobevigilantwithoutoverreacting.

43、Accordingtothepassage,Lymedisease.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从文中内容可知,莱姆病是atick-bomeinfection,即是一种扁虱携带

的感染病。因此B项“由一种小虫子传播”是正确答案。

44、WithrespecttotreatingchronicLyme,.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从笫一段的内容可知，……多年来一直有争论。有一些医生和病人认

为只能用强力抗生素治疗数月才能根除。另外一些人认为再用强力抗生素治疗可能

会引起致命的感染或血液凝结。因此C项“医生对于强力抗生素的意见不一”为正

确答案。

45、Theword"adamantly"(inboldface)isclosestinmeaningto.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从文中可知，两派对各自的观点都很坚定。所以adamantly是“坚定

地''意思。四个选项中，unprejudicedly的意思是“无偏见地”；undoubtedly的意思是

“毫无疑问地"；understandably的意思是“可理解地”；unyieldingly的意思是“坚定

地，不屈地”。因此D项为正确答案。

46、Asthecontestshows,aplacebois.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的依据句是"Theothersreceiveddummymedications....Blitsodid

athirdofthoseontheplacebo”，从中可知A项“无药性的、安慰性的治疗”为正确答

案。

47>Howistheexperimentwith29patientsrelatedtotheargumentstatedinParagraph

2?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从第二段的内容可知，其论点是：研究表明，对于慢性的莱姆病，长

期进行抗生素治疗跟用安慰剂一样效果不好。第三段中129人的实验恰恰证明了这

一论点。因此C项为正确答案。

48、Thegoodnewstobothsidesofthedebateisthat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题的依据句是"asingly200-mgdoseofdoxycyclinedramaticallycut

theriskofcontractingthedisease”，从中可知B项为正确答案。

49、WhalusefuliiifunnalioncanbedrawnfromthepassagebyachronicLymepalieiil?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：综观全文，从中可知到目前为止仍然没有治疗慢性莱姆病的有效方

法。因此A项“我们还没有走出治疗此病的困境”为正确答案。

50、Inwhatkindofstyleisthepassagewritten?

标准答案：C

知识点》析：本文主要介绍莱姆病的情况，因此写作风格是提供信息式的。因此C

项为正确答案。

三、完形填空（本题共15题，每题7.0分，共75分。）

Assumingthataconstanttravel-timebudget,geographicconstraintsandshort-term

infrastructureconstraintspersistasfundamentalfeaturesofglobalmobility,whatlong­

termresultscanoneexpect?Inhigh-incomeregions,[41]NorthAmerica,ourpicture

suggeststhattheshareoftraffic[42]suppliedbybusesandautomobileswilldeclineas

high-speedtransportrisessharply.Indevelopingcountries,we[43]thestrongest

increasetobeinthesharesfirstforbusesandlaterforautomobiles.Globally,these

[44]inbusandautomobiletransportarepartiallyoffsetting.Inallregions,theshareof

lowspeedmiltransportwillprobablycontinueitsstrongly[45]decline.Weexpectthat

throughouttheperiod1990〜2050,the[46]NorthAmericanwillcontinuetodevote

mostofhisorher1.1-hourtravel-time[47]toautomobiletravel.Theverylarge

demand[48]airtravel(orhigh-speedmiltravel)thatwillbemanifestin2050【49】to

only12minutesperpersonaday;alittletimegoesalongwayintheair.Inseveral

developingregions,mosttravel[50]in2050willstillbedevotedtononmotorized

modes.Buseswillpersist[51]theprimaryformofmotorizedtransportationin

developingcountriesfbrdecades.[52]importantairtravelbecomes,buses,

automobilesand[53]lowspeedtrainswillsurelygoonservingvitalfunctions.[54]

ofthesuper-richalreadycommuteandshopinaircraft,butaveragepeoplewillcontinue

tospendmostoftheirtraveltimeonthe[55].

51、

A、frankly

B、exceptionally

C^unfortunately

D、notably

标准答案：D

知识点解析：此处从前后文的关系上看，是呈递进关系，因此“notably特别突出

地”符合文意。其他选项“frankly坦白地；exceptionally例外的；unfortunately不幸

地”都不正确。

52、

A、volume

B、body

C^measure

D、funds

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此处指的是交通流量。volume与iraffic搭配表示“交通流量”，符合文

意。其他三项中，body表示物体的主干部分，如车身、船身等；measure的意思是

“措施，方法”；funds的意思是“基金，专款”，都与文意不符。

53、

A^admire

B、assure

C、assert

D^anticipate

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题应联系前后文来解答。前面对高速地区的分析用了“ourpicture

suggests”表示预见。所以本处也应选用表示“预见”的选项，D项“anticipate预料，

期望”符合文意。其他三项“admire羡慕；assure保证；assert声称，断言''都不正

确。

54、

A、outcomes

B、trends

C、declines

D^impacts

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此处表示全球的发展趋向。B项“trends倾向，趋势”符合文意。其他

三项“outcomes结果，结局；declines下降；impacls影响，作用”都不正确。

55、

A、inherent

B、evident

C、large-scale

D、hidden

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此处表示低速运输份额在全球范围内下滑趋势很明显。B项“evident

明显的，显然的“符合文意。其他三项“inherent内在的，与生俱来的；large-scale大

规模的；hidden隐藏的”都不正确。

56、

A、general

B、common

C^local

D、average

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从空格后的1.1-hour可以看出此处有“平均每个北美人”之意。D项

“，aver・age通常的，平均的''符合文意。其他三项？5。但1一般的，全面的；

common相同或相似的东西；loc