2026年重庆市苏教版高中英语选修模块第12单元阅读理解练习题

2026年重庆市苏教版高中英语选修模块第12单元阅读理解练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.AccordingtothepassageinUnit12,whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainpurposeofsustainabledevelopment?A.Tomaximizeeconomicgrowthbyexploitingnaturalresourceswithoutconsideringenvironmentalimpact.B.Tobalanceeconomicdevelopment,socialequity,andenvironmentalprotectionforcurrentandfuturegenerations.C.Toreduceindustrialproductiontominimizecarbonemissionsandpreservewildlifehabitats.D.Toencouragetechnologicalinnovationsolelyforthepurposeofreducingenergyconsumption.解析：本题考查单元核心概念“sustainabledevelopment”。选项A与单元中“过度开发不可持续”的观点相悖；选项C片面强调环境，忽略经济发展；选项D仅涉及技术层面，未涵盖社会公平。正确答案B完整体现了单元中“三重平衡”的核心思想，与课文主题一致。2.Thepassagementionsacasestudyofasmallcoastalcommunitythatadoptedrenewableenergy.Whatdoesthisexampleprimarilyillustrate?A.Theinefficiencyofsolarpanelsincoastalregionsduetofrequentstorms.B.Thechallengesoftransitioningfromfossilfuelstosustainableenergysources.C.Theeconomicandenvironmentalbenefitsofcommunity-basedrenewableprojects.D.Theroleofgovernmentsubsidiesinpromotinggreentechnologyadoption.解析：题干指向单元中“社区案例”段落。选项A与文中“适应性设计”矛盾；选项B虽提及挑战但非案例主旨；选项D未涉及案例背景。正确答案C与单元“社区参与”主题契合，符合案例分析目的。3.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthebiggestobstacletoachievingglobalsustainabilitygoals?A.Lackoftechnologicalsolutionsforrenewableenergy.B.Insufficientinternationalcooperationandpolicyenforcement.C.Highcostsofsustainableinfrastructureprojects.D.Publicresistancetochangesinlifestyleandconsumptionhabits.解析：题干对应单元“挑战分析”部分。选项A、C为次要问题，选项D仅涉及部分人群。正确答案B与单元中“政治意愿不足”的论述一致，体现系统性障碍。4.Thepassagecomparestraditionalagriculturewithorganicfarming.Whatisthekeydifferencehighlightedinthetext?A.Organicfarmingrequiresmorelandthanconventionalagriculture.B.Organicfarmingavoidssyntheticfertilizersandpesticides.C.Traditionalagricultureismorelabor-intensivethanorganicfarming.D.Organicfarmingyieldslowercropoutputsbuthighernutritionalvalue.解析：题干基于单元“农业对比”段落。选项A与文中数据相反；选项C未提及劳动对比；选项D混淆了产量与营养价值关系。正确答案B准确反映单元“生态友好”的核心差异点。5.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasalong-termsolutiontoplasticpollution?A.Increasingrecyclingfacilitiestohandleallplasticwaste.B.Developingbiodegradablealternativestoreplaceallplastics.C.Reducingsingle-useplasticsthroughstricterregulationsandconsumereducation.D.Encouragingcompaniestoproducemoredurableplasticproducts.解析：题干关联单元“塑料问题”段落。选项A忽略回收局限性；选项B过于理想化；选项D与环保目标背道而驰。正确答案C体现单元“源头减量”策略，符合可持续发展原则。6.Thepassagedescribesacitythatimplementedgreentransportationpolicies.Whatwasthemostsignificantoutcomementioned?A.A50%increaseintrafficcongestionduetoreducedcarusage.B.Improvedairqualityandreducedgreenhousegasemissions.C.Higherpublictransportationfarestofundinfrastructureupgrades.D.Adeclineinthecity’soveralleconomicproductivity.解析：题干指向单元“城市案例”段落。选项A与“缓解拥堵”目标矛盾；选项C未提及收费政策；选项D与“经济活力”论述相悖。正确答案B与单元“环境效益”主题一致。7.Accordingtothetext,whatisakeycharacteristicofsuccessfulsustainablebusinesses?A.Prioritizingshort-termprofitsoverlong-termenvironmentalimpact.B.Ignoringstakeholderengagementtofocusoninnovationalone.C.Balancingprofitabilitywithsocialresponsibilityandecologicalpreservation.D.Relyingsolelyongovernmentgrantsforfundingsustainableprojects.解析：题干基于单元“企业案例”段落。选项A、B与单元“共赢模式”相悖；选项D忽略市场机制。正确答案C完整概括单元“商业伦理”核心观点。8.Thepassagementionsalocalinitiativetorestorewetlands.Whatdoesthisexampleprimarilydemonstrate?A.Thehighcostofecologicalrestorationprojects.B.Theimportanceofbiodiversityandecosystemservices.C.Theroleofgovernmentfundinginallenvironmentalprojects.D.Thelimitationsofcommunity-basedconservationefforts.解析：题干关联单元“生态案例”段落。选项A、C、D均片面化。正确答案B与单元“生态价值”主题一致，符合单元中“自然修复”的论述。9.Whatdoestheauthoremphasizeabouttherelationshipbetweenclimatechangeandpoverty?A.ClimatechangeprimarilyaffectsdevelopedcountrieswithhighGDP.B.Poorcommunitiesaremostvulnerabletoclimate-relateddisasters.C.Economicgrowthcansolveallclimatechangechallenges.D.Richnationsbearnoresponsibilityforclimatejusticeissues.解析：题干对应单元“气候与贫困”段落。选项A与单元“全球分布”数据矛盾；选项C忽略系统性问题；选项D违反单元“共同责任”原则。正确答案B准确反映单元“脆弱性分析”观点。10.Thepassageconcludeswithacalltoaction.Whatistheauthor’smainmessage?A.Individualsshouldnottakeactionbecauseithasnocollectiveimpact.B.Onlylargecorporationsandgovernmentscandrivesustainablechange.C.Everyonehasaroletoplayincreatingasustainablefuture.D.Technologicaladvancementsalonewillsolveallsustainabilityissues.解析：题干基于单元“行动呼吁”段落。选项A、B与单元“全民参与”理念相悖；选项D忽略行为改变。正确答案C完整体现单元“责任共担”的呼吁。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmentaimstobalanceeconomicgrowth,__________,andenvironmentalprotection.参考答案：socialequity解析：题干对应单元“定义”段落。单元明确“三重支柱”理论，填空处为“社会公平”，与“经济、环境”并列。2.A__________isacommunity-basedprojectthatuseslocalresourcestoaddressenvironmentalchallengeswithoutrelyingheavilyonexternalfunding.参考答案：grassrootsinitiative解析：题干关联单元“社区案例”段落。单元中“自下而上”模式对应此填空，强调“本土化”特征。3.Thepassagediscusseshow__________canreplacetraditionalplasticsinpackagingandconsumerproducts.参考答案：biodegradablematerials解析：题干基于单元“塑料替代”段落。单元对比“石油基”与“天然来源”材料，填空处为“生物降解材料”。4.Inthecitycasestudy,theimplementationofbikelanesledtoasignificant__________inairpollutionlevels.参考答案：reduction解析：题干关联单元“交通案例”段落。单元数据表明“排放下降”与“出行方式转变”相关。5.Theauthorsuggeststhatsustainablebusinessesoftenachievelong-termsuccessby__________theirprofitswithethicalpractices.参考答案：integrating解析：题干基于单元“企业案例”段落。单元强调“价值链协同”而非割裂，填空处为“整合”。6.Wetlandsplayacrucialrolein__________floodwatersandsupportingbiodiversity.参考答案：absorbing解析：题干关联单元“生态案例”段落。单元功能描述中“天然海绵”效应对应此填空。7.Thepassagehighlightsthatclimatechangedisproportionatelyaffectsregionswith__________economicresources.参考答案：limited解析：题干基于单元“气候与贫困”段落。单元分析指出“资源匮乏”导致“抗风险能力弱”。8.A__________isagovernmentpolicythatincentivizescompaniestoadoptenvironmentallyfriendlytechnologies.参考答案：carbontax解析：题干关联单元“政策分析”段落。单元对比“补贴”与“惩罚性机制”，填空处为“碳税”。9.Theauthorconcludesthatindividualactions,suchasreducingmeatconsumption,cancontributeto__________emissions.参考答案：methane解析：题干基于单元“行动呼吁”段落。单元举例“饮食结构”对“温室气体”的影响，填空处为“甲烷”。10.Thepassagementionsa__________wherefarmersusetraditionalmethodscombinedwithmoderntechniquestoimprovecropyieldssustainably.参考答案：hybridapproach解析：题干关联单元“农业案例”段落。单元描述“传统与现代融合”的耕作模式，填空处为“混合方法”。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Sustainabledevelopmentisprimarilyconcernedwitheconomicgrowthandtechnologicalinnovation.参考答案：False解析：单元明确“三重维度”而非单一经济导向，此表述片面化。2.Allorganicfarmingmethodsareinherentlymoresustainablethanconventionalagriculture.参考答案：False解析：单元指出“因地制宜”原则，未绝对化有机农业，需考虑资源效率。3.Plasticpollutioncanbecompletelyeliminatedbyimprovingrecyclinginfrastructurealone.参考答案：False解析：单元强调“全生命周期管理”，仅靠回收无法解决源头问题。4.Thepassagesuggeststhatsustainablebusinessesalwaysprioritizeprofitsoverenvironmentalresponsibility.参考答案：False解析：单元核心观点是“平衡发展”，非对立关系，此表述与单元矛盾。5.Wetlandshavenosignificantimpactonlocalclimatepatterns.参考答案：False解析：单元明确“调节水文”功能，此表述与科学事实及单元内容相悖。6.Climatechangeprimarilyaffectswealthynationsduetotheirhighercarbonemissions.参考答案：False解析：单元数据表明“最脆弱群体”与“资源能力”相关，非排放责任问题。7.Individualactionshavenoimpactonglobalsustainabilityefforts.参考答案：False解析：单元“全民参与”章节强调“微小的力量”，此表述与单元呼吁相悖。8.Thepassagesupportstheideathatallrenewableenergysourcesareequallyeffectiveinreplacingfossilfuels.参考答案：False解析：单元分析“技术适用性”，未泛化所有能源，需结合场景。9.Sustainabledevelopmentgoalscanbeachievedwithoutanygovernmentintervention.参考答案：False解析：单元政策章节明确“监管必要性”，此表述与单元矛盾。10.Theauthorbelievesthattechnologicalsolutionsalonewillsolveallsustainabilitychallenges.参考答案：False解析：单元批判“技术万能论”，强调“系统性变革”，此表述片面化。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweensustainabledevelopmentandeconomicdevelopment.参考答案：-EconomicdevelopmentfocusessolelyonincreasingGDPandmaterialwealth,oftendisregardingenvironmentalandsocialimpacts.-Sustainabledevelopmentintegrateseconomicgrowthwithsocialequityandecologicalpreservation,ensuringlong-termviabilityforfuturegenerations.解析：题干考查单元“概念辨析”核心。答案需对比“单一目标”与“多重平衡”，体现单元“系统性思维”差异。2.Describethreechallengestoachievingglobalsustainabilitygoals.参考答案：3.Politicalwill:Lackofinternationalcooperationandenforcementofenvironmentalpolicies.4.Economicbarriers:Highcostsofsustainabletechnologiesandinfrastructure.5.Culturalresistance:Consumerhabitsandlifestylechangesareslowtoadapt.解析：题干基于单元“挑战分析”段落。答案需分点列举，涵盖单元“政治、经济、社会”维度。6.Howdoesorganicfarmingcontributetosustainabilitycomparedtotraditionalagriculture?参考答案：-Reducesrelianceonsyntheticchemicals,protectingsoilhealthandwaterquality.-Promotesbiodiversitythroughcroprotationandnaturalpestcontrol.-Supportslocaleconomiesbyreducingfoodmilesandlabor-intensivepractices.解析：题干关联单元“农业对比”段落。答案需结合“生态、经济、社会”三重效益，体现单元核心观点。7.Whatarethekeyfeaturesofasustainablecityasdescribedinthepassage?参考答案：-Renewableenergyintegration(e.g.,solarpanels,windturbines).-Efficientpublictransportationsystemstoreducecardependency.-Greenspacesandurbanplanningthatprioritizebiodiversity.解析：题干基于单元“城市案例”段落。答案需概括“能源、交通、生态”三大支柱，体现单元系统性设计。8.Explaintheconceptofa"grassrootsinitiative"inthecontextofsustainabledevelopment.参考答案：-Community-ledprojectsthataddresslocalenvironmentalissuesusingminimalexternalfunding.-Examplesincludeneighborhoodrecyclingprogramsorlocalfoodcooperatives.-Empowersresidentstotakeownershipofsustainabilityefforts.解析：题干关联单元“社区案例”段落。答案需定义“自下而上”模式，并举例说明其特征。9.Howdoesthepassagelinkclimatechangetopoverty?参考答案：-Poorcommunitieslackresourcestoadapttoextremeweatherevents(e.g.,floods,droughts).-Climatechangedisruptsagriculture,leadingtofoodinsecurityandeconomicinstability.-Vulnerabilityiscompoundedbylimitedaccesstohealthcareandeducation.解析：题干基于单元“气候与贫困”段落。答案需结合“适应性能力”与“系统性风险”，体现单元批判性分析。10.Whatroledobusinessesplayinpromotingsustainabilityaccordingtothepassage?参考答案：-Innovateeco-friendlyproductsandprocesses.-Adoptethicalsupplychainstoreduceenvironmentalfootprints.-Engagestakeholders(employees,customers)insustainabilitycampaigns.解析：题干关联单元“企业案例”段落。答案需分点说明“创新、责任、协同”三大方向，体现单元商业伦理观点。11.Describetheauthor’scalltoactionforindividualsintheconclusion.参考答案：-Smallactionsmatter:Reduceconsumption(e.g.,meat,plastics).-Supportsustainablebrandsandpolicies.-Educateothersaboutenvironmentalissues.解析：题干基于单元“行动呼吁”段落。答案需概括“微观行为”与“宏观影响”的关联，体现单元全民参与理念。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.CaseStudy:Acoastaltownisfacingplasticpollutionduetotourism.Thelocalgovernmentproposesthreesolutions:-A.Increaserecyclingfacilitiesbutnorestrictionsonsingle-useplastics.-B.Banallsingle-useplasticsbutnorecyclinginfrastructure.-C.Combinereducedplasticusewithimprovedrecyclingprograms.问题：Whichsolutionismostsustainable,andwhy?Explainyourreasoning.参考答案：-Mostsustainablesolution:C.Combinesreductionwithinfrastructure.-Reasoning:-Reductionphaseminimizesimmediatepollutionwhileraisingawareness.-Recyclingphaseensureswasteismanagedeffectively.-Balancesshort-termfeasibilitywithlong-termecologicalgoals.解析：题干基于单元“塑料问题”段落。答案需结合“源头减量”与“末端治理”，体现单元系统性思维，避免单一策略的局限性。2.Scenario:Aschoolwantstoimplementasustainablegardenprogram.Theprincipalisunsurewheretostart.问题：Whatarethreekeystepstheschoolcouldtaketoensuretheprogramissustainable?参考答案：3.Communityengagement:Involvestudents,teachers,andparentsinplanning.4.Educationalintegration:Linkthegardentoscienceandenvironmentalcurriculum.5.Resourceefficiency:Userainwaterharvestingandcompostingsystems.解析：题干关联单元“社区案例”段落。答案需体现“参与、学习、循环”三大原则，符合单元“全民参与”理念。6.Problem:Asmallbusinessproduceshandmadesoapsbutusesplasticpackaging.Customersaredemandingeco-friendlyalternatives.问题：Whatsustainablepackagingoptionscouldthebusinessexplore?参考答案：-Biodegradablematerials:Compostablebagsorpaperwraps.-Refillablesystems:Encouragecustomerstoreturnpackagingforreuse.-Bulksales:Reducepackagingwastebysellinglargerquantities.解析：题干基于单元“企业案例”段落。答案需结合“材料创新”与“消费模式”，体现单元“循环经济”思想。7.CaseStudy:Acityisconsideringreplacingstreetlightswithsolar-poweredones.However,someresidentsopposethechange.问题：Howcouldthecityaddresstheresidents’concerns?参考答案：-Publicforums:Gatherfeedbackandexplainlong-termbenefits(costsavings,environmentalimpact).-Pilotprograms:Testsolarlightsinoneneighborhoodfirst.-Financialincentives:Offersubsidiesforresidentswhoadoptsolarsolutions.解析：题干关联单元“城市案例”段落。答案需结合“沟通、试点、激励”，体现单元“社会接受度”策略。8.Scenario:Afarmerisstrugglingwithsoildegradationduetointensivefarming.问题：Whatsustainableagriculturalpracticescouldthefarmeradopt?参考答案：-Covercropping:Protectssoilfromerosionandimprovesfertility.-Croprotation:Reducespestbuildupandnutrientdepletion.-Organicamendments:Compostormanuretoenrichsoilnaturally.解析：题干基于单元“农业案例”段落。答案需结合“生态修复”与“资源循环”，体现单元“可持续耕作”理念。9.Problem:Auniversitywantstoreduceitscarbonfootprintbutlacksfunding.问题：Whatlow-costsustainabilityinitiativescouldtheuniversityimplement?参考答案：-Energyaudits:Identifywasteinlightingandheating.-Student-ledcampaigns:Promoteenergy-savinghabits(e.g.,turningofflights).-Greenprocurement:Prioritizeeco-friendly